Abid Ashar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Abid Ashar
Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, May 15, 2023
Background and Objective: Causal attributions are reasons given to certain events in life includi... more Background and Objective: Causal attributions are reasons given to certain events in life including failure and success. The objective of this qualitative study was to explore the attributions perceived as the cause of failure by post graduate residents, failing the final clinical exit examination of Fellowship of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan (FCPS). Methods: This exploratory study was conducted from July 2021 to July 2022, at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Study population was selected by purposeful maximal variation sampling. A total of ten post graduate residents from four specialties, failing in FCPS part two clinical examination were included. After written informed consent, semi structured face to face, in depth interviews were conducted. Data saturation was achieved after eight interviews after which two more interviews were carried out. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis of the data was done by synthesizing codes into categories and themes. Results: A total of 17 attributions noted were grouped into five categories namely 'Inadequate exam preparation', 'Personal factors,' 'Exam related factors,' 'Training related factors and 'Luck'. Two main themes of External and Internal factors emerged from these. Common attributions were; lack of effort (8/10), inadequate knowledge (8/10), family commitments (7/10), luck (8/10) and examiner's attitude (5/10). Conclusions: Most of the residents attributed internal, unstable and controllable factors like inadequate knowledge and lack of effort. In addition, external uncontrollable factors of bad luck and harsh attitude of examiners were considered as contributory factors towards failure.
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
Objective: The purpose of current study was to have comparison between the postoperative outcomes... more Objective: The purpose of current study was to have comparison between the postoperative outcomes of triangular (wards) flap versus an envelope flap after surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molar. Methods: Current study was a double-blinded randomized controlled trial conducted at the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial surgery, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore. Sixty patients were randomly recruited in two groups with random number table. Both groups consisted of 30 patients each. Among the patients of Group A, envelope flap was used for surgical access whereas patients of Group B received triangular flap for surgical access. Both Groups were followed on 2nd and 7th day postoperatively for pain status and trismus. Results: Mean±SD of pain score at postoperative day 7th for group A was 23.47±6.75 and for group B it was 24.03±10.5 which was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). The difficulty index was found to have statistically significant (P<0.05) on 7th postope...
PAFMJ, 2021
Objective: To explore medical undergraduate students’ perceptions pertaining to the key domains o... more Objective: To explore medical undergraduate students’ perceptions pertaining to the key domains of leadership and highlight strategies to enhance leadership skills in undergraduate studies. Study Design: Mixed methods study. Place and Duration of Study: Fatima Memorial Hospital College of Medicine & Dentistry, Lahore, from Sep to Oct 2019. Methodology: A total of 207 medical students were recruited from the first and final year by purposive sampling to fill out a structured questionnaire. Three focus group discussions were conducted comprising of twelve students in each group. All focus groups were audio-recorded, anonymized and transcribed verbatim before the analysis by framework analysis technique. Results: Total fifty percent of the first-year students were of the view that ensuring patient safety was an important component of the leadership domain of improving services whereas only 11% responded as critically evaluating as a component of this domain. The themes that emerged per...
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1997
Purpose: To highlight the hemorrhagic character of metastatic hepatocelluiar carcinoma. Patient a... more Purpose: To highlight the hemorrhagic character of metastatic hepatocelluiar carcinoma. Patient and Method: A case report of a patient with mandibular metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma, who had severe postbiopsy hemorrhagic episodes, and literature review is presented. Conc/usions: Mandibular metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma is a hemorrhagic tumor because of its hypervascular nature. Any rapidly enlarging swelling with ill-defined mandibular destruction suggestive of malignancy should be considered for metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Only a needle biopsy should be attempted in view of the hemorrhagic nature of the tumor. Palliative radiotherapy can be useful for the control of local expansile symptoms of the tumor and because of its possible role in the prevention of hemorrhage. Metastatic tumors are rare in the oral and perioral region. Only 1% to 3% of all oral tumors are metastatic.'.2 Metastases are considered to be the most common central malignancy of the jaws.' The mandible (61%) is more commonly involved than maxilla (24%), most lesions being located in the premolar-molar region of the mandible. Approximately 70% of the metastatic lesions reported occur in the fourth to seventh decades of the lives. Lung. breast, and kidney are the most common primary malignancies involved.' The diagnosis of oral metastasis before recognition of the primary tumor is not uncommon. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the 10 most common malignant tumors. However, the inci
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
Background: College of Physicians & Surgeons Pakistan (CPSP) has recently introduced different WB... more Background: College of Physicians & Surgeons Pakistan (CPSP) has recently introduced different WBA tools in various specialties, but Directly Observed Procedural Skills (DOPS) is still required to be implemented in orthodontics which will improve learning and skills of the learner. Aim: To determine the effect of applying DOPS for improving the mini-implant insertion procedural skills of postgraduate orthodontic trainees. Methodology: This quantitative, quasi-experimental study was conducted at orthodontic department of de’Montmorency College of Dentistry (DCD), Lahore, from 1st July 2021 to 1st November 2021. Twenty trainees were selected and assessed over a period of 3 months which included 3 DOPS encounters with one-month interval between each encounter for mini-implant insertion. The trainees were assigned to faculty for each DOPS encounter by randomization. At the end, the trainees’ and the faculty’ perception regarding feasibility and acceptability of DOPS were obtained by mea...
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1998
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, 2014
To explore the undergraduate dental students' insight of their professionalism development th... more To explore the undergraduate dental students' insight of their professionalism development through Focus Group Discussions (FGD). Constructivist approach using qualitative phenomenological design. Fatima Memorial Hospital, College of Dentistry, Lahore, from April to June 2011. Four FGDs of 1st year (8 students), 2nd year (6 students), 3rd year (6 students) and 4th year (6 students) enrolled in Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) program were conducted to explore how they have developed various elements of professionalism namely altruism, accountability, excellence, duty and service, honor and integrity, and respect for all; and how professionalism can be further developed in them. The FGDs were audio taped, transcribed and analyzed through thematic analysis. Triangulation of themes and trends were done through content analysis by relating to their respective frequency of quotes. Data verification was done through audit by second author. Role models and social responsibility were th...
Objective: To identify and relate enjoyment levels of various components of MCPS-HPE course and t... more Objective: To identify and relate enjoyment levels of various components of MCPS-HPE course and the learning styles of the course participants followed by explanation of the reasons for enjoyment, non-enjoyment and how enjoyment factors can be enhanced. Study Design: Mixed method sequential study. Place and Duration of Study: College of physicians and surgeons, Pakistan Material and Methods: Learning style of MCPS-HPE course participants of 2011-13 batch was identified through Kolb's Learning Style Inventory version 3.1; and participant's perception of the most enjoyable areas in the contact sessions and assignment completion were sought on two respective survey forms followed by structured interviews. Analysis of the quantitative data was performed using SPSS version 19. "Framework method" was used for the manual analysis of qualitative data. Result: Learners identified social interaction, team work, knowledge construction, active learning and self-efficacy as enj...
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
Objective: To compare the frequency of dry sockets in patients receiving acetaminophen versus ibu... more Objective: To compare the frequency of dry sockets in patients receiving acetaminophen versus ibuprofen for simple dental extraction of mandibular molars. Methods: It was double-blinded randomized controlled trial study conducted at the Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Department at the Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore Pakistan from January 2018 to July 2018. One hundred patients were randomized using random number table into two groups each consisting of 50 patients. Group A received acetaminophen whereas group B received ibuprofen thirty minutes preoperatively and every eight hours postoperatively for two days. Both groups were followed for 48-72 hours after extraction for pain status and clot absence. Results: In group A moderate pain was reported by 80% of patients whereas 18% faced severe pain. In group B 62% of patients had moderate pain and 36% had severe pain the difference was statistically insignificant(P>0.05). The clot was absent in 8% of patients in group A and 30% in gr...
Background: The residents who pass exit fellowship examination in few attempts adopt certain stra... more Background: The residents who pass exit fellowship examination in few attempts adopt certain strategies for early success. The lived experiences of residents passing FCPS final examination in few attempts, barriers to success and strategies to overcome those barriers were studied. Participants and methods: This phenomenological research study was conducted at Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from June 2015 to May 2017. Purposeful snowball sampling was done. Eleven residents who passed their Final FCPS examination in few attempts, in the last 15 years were included in the study. Semi-structured open-ended interview of the residents was audio-recorded and transcribed. Three themes of helpful factors, barriers encountered and suggestions to overcome those barriers to get through the final FCPS examination and the emerging sub-themes were analyzed and textural and structural description were assigned. Results: Three themes were based on the aim of study and their related emerging sub...
Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, 2019
Objective: To identify choices of medical specialties as career and to study how gender changes p... more Objective: To identify choices of medical specialties as career and to study how gender changes perception and choice of selection? Study Design: Prospective mixed method sequential exploratory study. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted on final year MBBS students of Allama Iqbal Medical College, from Apr 2014 to Apr 2016. Material and Methods: Quantitative data and qualitative data were collected by a questionnaire and focused group discussion, respectively. Statistical analysis comprised of frequency and percentages for nominal variables, means and standard deviations for numerical variables respectively. For qualitative data, themes were compared between both sexes. Gender specific differences in specialty choice were tested by chi square-test using Pearson chi-square test. SPSS 21.0 was used Results: Total 108 students participated in the research. Students selected internal medicine (31.5%) general surgery (19.4%) and family medicine (18.5%) in descending order. Pr...
Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University
Objective: To explore the house officers’ perspective about leadership skills and their developme... more Objective: To explore the house officers’ perspective about leadership skills and their development during undergraduate training. Methodology: This qualitative study was conducted in September 2019. Two audio-recorded focus groups discussions were conducted with house officers; each comprised of six participants. Purposeful maximum variation sampling was used with equal coverage of gender including low and high scorers based on their academic records. Open-ended questions were asked with short follow-up questions. Verbatim transcription of the entire discussion was done, followed by content analysis. The findings were described using quotes, and illustrations. Member checking and triangulation with the frequency of quotes was used for validation. Results: Leadership skills identified by the study participants were the same as priori themes given in “NHS-Medical Leadership Competency Framework” namely “demonstrating personal qualities” 47 (38.84%) (Self-management, self-awareness, a...
The Research diagnostic criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) is a tool used by Inte... more The Research diagnostic criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) is a tool used by International RDC/TMD Consortium (A Designated Network of the International Association for Dental Research), to diagnose and categorize TMD patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of TMD in undergraduate dental and medical students based on RDC/TMD; and its relation with depression and somatization. 37 male and 48 female dental and medical students from FMH College of Medicine & Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan were evaluated. A clinical physical diagnosis (Axis I) and pain related disability and psychological status (Axis II) were assessed using a questionnaire and clinical examination on RDC/ TMD protocol. Seventeen students diagnosed with TMD showed significantly higher incidence in females (p=0.003). Maximum number of TMD was in internal derangement group, followed by pathosis and muscle disorder groups. Significantly higher TMD incidence was noted in particip...
The objective of this study was to assess dentists perceptions about safety and efficacy of their... more The objective of this study was to assess dentists perceptions about safety and efficacy of their practices; their undergraduate training; and training requirements about local anesthesia (LA). A prospective, questionnaire-based survey of 181 dentists from Lahore and Karachi was carried out. The questionnaire was designed to collect information about general dentists perceptions about their salient local anesthesia practices, the level of training provided to them at under-graduate level and the training needs at different levels of professional careers. Sixty eight percent of the participants did not aspirate during inferior alveolar nerve block LA injections. Training in important LA nerve block injections was not provided to the majority of participants at the undergraduate level. Most of the participants felt that improvement in training of LA at under-graduate, post-graduate and continuing professional development levels were needed. Serious shortcomings in the practice and tra...
Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, 2019
Objective: To investigate the impact of an innovative approach for teaching Science of Dental Mat... more Objective: To investigate the impact of an innovative approach for teaching Science of Dental Materials on the learning experiences of undergraduate dental students by assessing their performance at the end of the academic year. Study Design: Action research with a mixed method approach. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Islamabad Medical & Dental College (Dental Section). The duration of study was three and a half years from Jan 2011 to Apr 2013. Material and Methods: The entire first year of session 2011 (groups A, n=50) and session 2012 (group B, n=51) comprised the study's sample, using non-probability convenience sampling technique. Group A was taught science of dental materials traditionally while innovation by adding clinical rotations in the curriculum was done for group B. At the end of the academic year assessments scores were compared by independent t-test andassessment outcome (pass/fail) was compared by chi-square test. When these sessions were...
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2004
Two cases of cervical necrotizing fasciitis, secondary to dental infection, are presented. It is ... more Two cases of cervical necrotizing fasciitis, secondary to dental infection, are presented. It is a potentially life-threatening severe mixed infection with rapidly progressive inflammation and necrosis of the fascia, muscle and fat. Laboratory and CT features are described. CT scan was also useful for progress monitoring during the treatment. Both cases were complicated by mediastinitis with pleural effusions. A successful non-fatal outcome was achieved following multiple surgical interventions, aggressive culture based antimicrobial therapy, multi-specialty approach and intensive supportive care of the patients.
Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, 2019
Objective: To compare the learning approach of final year and postgraduate students and assess th... more Objective: To compare the learning approach of final year and postgraduate students and assess the influence of gender and to explore with interviews if a change occurred at postgraduate level. Study Design: Concurrent mixed method. Place and Duration of Study: King Edward Medical University, Lahore, from Mar 2018 to Oct 2018. Methodology: Hundred final year MBBS and 100 postgraduate students were included in the study for quantitative analysis. “ASSIST” Questionnaire was used to identify student’s approach to studying as either “deep”, “surface”, “strategic” and also to find the correlation of gender with preference of study approach. Des-criptive statistics were calculated. Student’s t-test was used for statistical comparisons. Qualitative data was collected through in depth semi structured interviews of postgraduate students. Thematic analysis was done to interpret the data and triangulation method was used for validation. Results: The Mean age in undergraduate students was 23.24...
Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, 2020
Objective: To determine the learning style preferences of preclinical and clinical dental student... more Objective: To determine the learning style preferences of preclinical and clinical dental students, using Visual, Aural, Read/write, and Kinesthetic (VARK) questionnaire, and determine association between their learning styles and past academic performances. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Fatima Memorial Hospital College of Medicine and Dentistry Lahore, from Mar 2014 to Aug 2014. Methodology: One hundred and eighty dental students from first to final year classes and house officers, fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in this study through non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Visual, Aural, Read/write, and Kinesthetic questionnaire was filled by all participants and association was established between learning styles and their past examinations scores. Results: Out of 180 students, 36 students preferred visual, 31 favored aural, 32 chose read/write, 29 liked kinesthetic as single method, but 52 students’ preferred multimodal...
Objective: To assess the correlation of medical professionalism score of final year medical stude... more Objective: To assess the correlation of medical professionalism score of final year medical students with theiracademic results of the final professional examination. Study Design: Correlational study. Place and Duration of Study: Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, from Mar to Nov 2019. Methodology: Final year medical students were enrolled by non-probability consecutive sampling. Their medical professionalism score was calculated using the Penn State College of Medicine-Professionalism Questionnaire (PSCOM-PQ). All the aspects of accountability, altruism, excellence, duty, honour/integrity and respect were noted using the questionnaire. Thirty points from the questionnaire were used, calculating the maximum value of 150. After the final professional examination, their academic results were procured. The strength of the relationship between medical professionalism score and academic results of final year professional examination was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient....
Background: Professionalism is a global quality expected in Behavioral sciences have been include... more Background: Professionalism is a global quality expected in Behavioral sciences have been included in 3rd year MBBS curriculum since 2014 at FJMU. The purpose of this change is to enhance Professionalism formally in addition to other areas of the subject. This study aims to determine effectiveness of studying behavioral sciences as a subject in enhancing elements of Professionalism. Subjects and methods: The mixed-methods study was used and a sample of 240 3 year medical students was taken by convenient sampling. In the first (quantitative) phase of the study, Penn State College of Medicine Professionalism Questionnaire (PSCOM-PQ) was administered before and after studying behavioral sciences as a subject, to collect pre sample t-test. In the second (qualitative) phase, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted to reveal the reasons for professionalism development and role of Behavioral Sciences in its development. 8 students were selected by purposeful homogeneous sampling techniq...
Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, May 15, 2023
Background and Objective: Causal attributions are reasons given to certain events in life includi... more Background and Objective: Causal attributions are reasons given to certain events in life including failure and success. The objective of this qualitative study was to explore the attributions perceived as the cause of failure by post graduate residents, failing the final clinical exit examination of Fellowship of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan (FCPS). Methods: This exploratory study was conducted from July 2021 to July 2022, at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Study population was selected by purposeful maximal variation sampling. A total of ten post graduate residents from four specialties, failing in FCPS part two clinical examination were included. After written informed consent, semi structured face to face, in depth interviews were conducted. Data saturation was achieved after eight interviews after which two more interviews were carried out. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis of the data was done by synthesizing codes into categories and themes. Results: A total of 17 attributions noted were grouped into five categories namely 'Inadequate exam preparation', 'Personal factors,' 'Exam related factors,' 'Training related factors and 'Luck'. Two main themes of External and Internal factors emerged from these. Common attributions were; lack of effort (8/10), inadequate knowledge (8/10), family commitments (7/10), luck (8/10) and examiner's attitude (5/10). Conclusions: Most of the residents attributed internal, unstable and controllable factors like inadequate knowledge and lack of effort. In addition, external uncontrollable factors of bad luck and harsh attitude of examiners were considered as contributory factors towards failure.
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
Objective: The purpose of current study was to have comparison between the postoperative outcomes... more Objective: The purpose of current study was to have comparison between the postoperative outcomes of triangular (wards) flap versus an envelope flap after surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molar. Methods: Current study was a double-blinded randomized controlled trial conducted at the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial surgery, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore. Sixty patients were randomly recruited in two groups with random number table. Both groups consisted of 30 patients each. Among the patients of Group A, envelope flap was used for surgical access whereas patients of Group B received triangular flap for surgical access. Both Groups were followed on 2nd and 7th day postoperatively for pain status and trismus. Results: Mean±SD of pain score at postoperative day 7th for group A was 23.47±6.75 and for group B it was 24.03±10.5 which was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). The difficulty index was found to have statistically significant (P<0.05) on 7th postope...
PAFMJ, 2021
Objective: To explore medical undergraduate students’ perceptions pertaining to the key domains o... more Objective: To explore medical undergraduate students’ perceptions pertaining to the key domains of leadership and highlight strategies to enhance leadership skills in undergraduate studies. Study Design: Mixed methods study. Place and Duration of Study: Fatima Memorial Hospital College of Medicine & Dentistry, Lahore, from Sep to Oct 2019. Methodology: A total of 207 medical students were recruited from the first and final year by purposive sampling to fill out a structured questionnaire. Three focus group discussions were conducted comprising of twelve students in each group. All focus groups were audio-recorded, anonymized and transcribed verbatim before the analysis by framework analysis technique. Results: Total fifty percent of the first-year students were of the view that ensuring patient safety was an important component of the leadership domain of improving services whereas only 11% responded as critically evaluating as a component of this domain. The themes that emerged per...
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1997
Purpose: To highlight the hemorrhagic character of metastatic hepatocelluiar carcinoma. Patient a... more Purpose: To highlight the hemorrhagic character of metastatic hepatocelluiar carcinoma. Patient and Method: A case report of a patient with mandibular metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma, who had severe postbiopsy hemorrhagic episodes, and literature review is presented. Conc/usions: Mandibular metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma is a hemorrhagic tumor because of its hypervascular nature. Any rapidly enlarging swelling with ill-defined mandibular destruction suggestive of malignancy should be considered for metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Only a needle biopsy should be attempted in view of the hemorrhagic nature of the tumor. Palliative radiotherapy can be useful for the control of local expansile symptoms of the tumor and because of its possible role in the prevention of hemorrhage. Metastatic tumors are rare in the oral and perioral region. Only 1% to 3% of all oral tumors are metastatic.'.2 Metastases are considered to be the most common central malignancy of the jaws.' The mandible (61%) is more commonly involved than maxilla (24%), most lesions being located in the premolar-molar region of the mandible. Approximately 70% of the metastatic lesions reported occur in the fourth to seventh decades of the lives. Lung. breast, and kidney are the most common primary malignancies involved.' The diagnosis of oral metastasis before recognition of the primary tumor is not uncommon. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the 10 most common malignant tumors. However, the inci
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
Background: College of Physicians & Surgeons Pakistan (CPSP) has recently introduced different WB... more Background: College of Physicians & Surgeons Pakistan (CPSP) has recently introduced different WBA tools in various specialties, but Directly Observed Procedural Skills (DOPS) is still required to be implemented in orthodontics which will improve learning and skills of the learner. Aim: To determine the effect of applying DOPS for improving the mini-implant insertion procedural skills of postgraduate orthodontic trainees. Methodology: This quantitative, quasi-experimental study was conducted at orthodontic department of de’Montmorency College of Dentistry (DCD), Lahore, from 1st July 2021 to 1st November 2021. Twenty trainees were selected and assessed over a period of 3 months which included 3 DOPS encounters with one-month interval between each encounter for mini-implant insertion. The trainees were assigned to faculty for each DOPS encounter by randomization. At the end, the trainees’ and the faculty’ perception regarding feasibility and acceptability of DOPS were obtained by mea...
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1998
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, 2014
To explore the undergraduate dental students' insight of their professionalism development th... more To explore the undergraduate dental students' insight of their professionalism development through Focus Group Discussions (FGD). Constructivist approach using qualitative phenomenological design. Fatima Memorial Hospital, College of Dentistry, Lahore, from April to June 2011. Four FGDs of 1st year (8 students), 2nd year (6 students), 3rd year (6 students) and 4th year (6 students) enrolled in Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) program were conducted to explore how they have developed various elements of professionalism namely altruism, accountability, excellence, duty and service, honor and integrity, and respect for all; and how professionalism can be further developed in them. The FGDs were audio taped, transcribed and analyzed through thematic analysis. Triangulation of themes and trends were done through content analysis by relating to their respective frequency of quotes. Data verification was done through audit by second author. Role models and social responsibility were th...
Objective: To identify and relate enjoyment levels of various components of MCPS-HPE course and t... more Objective: To identify and relate enjoyment levels of various components of MCPS-HPE course and the learning styles of the course participants followed by explanation of the reasons for enjoyment, non-enjoyment and how enjoyment factors can be enhanced. Study Design: Mixed method sequential study. Place and Duration of Study: College of physicians and surgeons, Pakistan Material and Methods: Learning style of MCPS-HPE course participants of 2011-13 batch was identified through Kolb's Learning Style Inventory version 3.1; and participant's perception of the most enjoyable areas in the contact sessions and assignment completion were sought on two respective survey forms followed by structured interviews. Analysis of the quantitative data was performed using SPSS version 19. "Framework method" was used for the manual analysis of qualitative data. Result: Learners identified social interaction, team work, knowledge construction, active learning and self-efficacy as enj...
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
Objective: To compare the frequency of dry sockets in patients receiving acetaminophen versus ibu... more Objective: To compare the frequency of dry sockets in patients receiving acetaminophen versus ibuprofen for simple dental extraction of mandibular molars. Methods: It was double-blinded randomized controlled trial study conducted at the Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Department at the Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore Pakistan from January 2018 to July 2018. One hundred patients were randomized using random number table into two groups each consisting of 50 patients. Group A received acetaminophen whereas group B received ibuprofen thirty minutes preoperatively and every eight hours postoperatively for two days. Both groups were followed for 48-72 hours after extraction for pain status and clot absence. Results: In group A moderate pain was reported by 80% of patients whereas 18% faced severe pain. In group B 62% of patients had moderate pain and 36% had severe pain the difference was statistically insignificant(P>0.05). The clot was absent in 8% of patients in group A and 30% in gr...
Background: The residents who pass exit fellowship examination in few attempts adopt certain stra... more Background: The residents who pass exit fellowship examination in few attempts adopt certain strategies for early success. The lived experiences of residents passing FCPS final examination in few attempts, barriers to success and strategies to overcome those barriers were studied. Participants and methods: This phenomenological research study was conducted at Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from June 2015 to May 2017. Purposeful snowball sampling was done. Eleven residents who passed their Final FCPS examination in few attempts, in the last 15 years were included in the study. Semi-structured open-ended interview of the residents was audio-recorded and transcribed. Three themes of helpful factors, barriers encountered and suggestions to overcome those barriers to get through the final FCPS examination and the emerging sub-themes were analyzed and textural and structural description were assigned. Results: Three themes were based on the aim of study and their related emerging sub...
Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, 2019
Objective: To identify choices of medical specialties as career and to study how gender changes p... more Objective: To identify choices of medical specialties as career and to study how gender changes perception and choice of selection? Study Design: Prospective mixed method sequential exploratory study. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted on final year MBBS students of Allama Iqbal Medical College, from Apr 2014 to Apr 2016. Material and Methods: Quantitative data and qualitative data were collected by a questionnaire and focused group discussion, respectively. Statistical analysis comprised of frequency and percentages for nominal variables, means and standard deviations for numerical variables respectively. For qualitative data, themes were compared between both sexes. Gender specific differences in specialty choice were tested by chi square-test using Pearson chi-square test. SPSS 21.0 was used Results: Total 108 students participated in the research. Students selected internal medicine (31.5%) general surgery (19.4%) and family medicine (18.5%) in descending order. Pr...
Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University
Objective: To explore the house officers’ perspective about leadership skills and their developme... more Objective: To explore the house officers’ perspective about leadership skills and their development during undergraduate training. Methodology: This qualitative study was conducted in September 2019. Two audio-recorded focus groups discussions were conducted with house officers; each comprised of six participants. Purposeful maximum variation sampling was used with equal coverage of gender including low and high scorers based on their academic records. Open-ended questions were asked with short follow-up questions. Verbatim transcription of the entire discussion was done, followed by content analysis. The findings were described using quotes, and illustrations. Member checking and triangulation with the frequency of quotes was used for validation. Results: Leadership skills identified by the study participants were the same as priori themes given in “NHS-Medical Leadership Competency Framework” namely “demonstrating personal qualities” 47 (38.84%) (Self-management, self-awareness, a...
The Research diagnostic criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) is a tool used by Inte... more The Research diagnostic criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) is a tool used by International RDC/TMD Consortium (A Designated Network of the International Association for Dental Research), to diagnose and categorize TMD patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of TMD in undergraduate dental and medical students based on RDC/TMD; and its relation with depression and somatization. 37 male and 48 female dental and medical students from FMH College of Medicine & Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan were evaluated. A clinical physical diagnosis (Axis I) and pain related disability and psychological status (Axis II) were assessed using a questionnaire and clinical examination on RDC/ TMD protocol. Seventeen students diagnosed with TMD showed significantly higher incidence in females (p=0.003). Maximum number of TMD was in internal derangement group, followed by pathosis and muscle disorder groups. Significantly higher TMD incidence was noted in particip...
The objective of this study was to assess dentists perceptions about safety and efficacy of their... more The objective of this study was to assess dentists perceptions about safety and efficacy of their practices; their undergraduate training; and training requirements about local anesthesia (LA). A prospective, questionnaire-based survey of 181 dentists from Lahore and Karachi was carried out. The questionnaire was designed to collect information about general dentists perceptions about their salient local anesthesia practices, the level of training provided to them at under-graduate level and the training needs at different levels of professional careers. Sixty eight percent of the participants did not aspirate during inferior alveolar nerve block LA injections. Training in important LA nerve block injections was not provided to the majority of participants at the undergraduate level. Most of the participants felt that improvement in training of LA at under-graduate, post-graduate and continuing professional development levels were needed. Serious shortcomings in the practice and tra...
Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, 2019
Objective: To investigate the impact of an innovative approach for teaching Science of Dental Mat... more Objective: To investigate the impact of an innovative approach for teaching Science of Dental Materials on the learning experiences of undergraduate dental students by assessing their performance at the end of the academic year. Study Design: Action research with a mixed method approach. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Islamabad Medical & Dental College (Dental Section). The duration of study was three and a half years from Jan 2011 to Apr 2013. Material and Methods: The entire first year of session 2011 (groups A, n=50) and session 2012 (group B, n=51) comprised the study's sample, using non-probability convenience sampling technique. Group A was taught science of dental materials traditionally while innovation by adding clinical rotations in the curriculum was done for group B. At the end of the academic year assessments scores were compared by independent t-test andassessment outcome (pass/fail) was compared by chi-square test. When these sessions were...
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2004
Two cases of cervical necrotizing fasciitis, secondary to dental infection, are presented. It is ... more Two cases of cervical necrotizing fasciitis, secondary to dental infection, are presented. It is a potentially life-threatening severe mixed infection with rapidly progressive inflammation and necrosis of the fascia, muscle and fat. Laboratory and CT features are described. CT scan was also useful for progress monitoring during the treatment. Both cases were complicated by mediastinitis with pleural effusions. A successful non-fatal outcome was achieved following multiple surgical interventions, aggressive culture based antimicrobial therapy, multi-specialty approach and intensive supportive care of the patients.
Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, 2019
Objective: To compare the learning approach of final year and postgraduate students and assess th... more Objective: To compare the learning approach of final year and postgraduate students and assess the influence of gender and to explore with interviews if a change occurred at postgraduate level. Study Design: Concurrent mixed method. Place and Duration of Study: King Edward Medical University, Lahore, from Mar 2018 to Oct 2018. Methodology: Hundred final year MBBS and 100 postgraduate students were included in the study for quantitative analysis. “ASSIST” Questionnaire was used to identify student’s approach to studying as either “deep”, “surface”, “strategic” and also to find the correlation of gender with preference of study approach. Des-criptive statistics were calculated. Student’s t-test was used for statistical comparisons. Qualitative data was collected through in depth semi structured interviews of postgraduate students. Thematic analysis was done to interpret the data and triangulation method was used for validation. Results: The Mean age in undergraduate students was 23.24...
Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, 2020
Objective: To determine the learning style preferences of preclinical and clinical dental student... more Objective: To determine the learning style preferences of preclinical and clinical dental students, using Visual, Aural, Read/write, and Kinesthetic (VARK) questionnaire, and determine association between their learning styles and past academic performances. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Fatima Memorial Hospital College of Medicine and Dentistry Lahore, from Mar 2014 to Aug 2014. Methodology: One hundred and eighty dental students from first to final year classes and house officers, fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in this study through non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Visual, Aural, Read/write, and Kinesthetic questionnaire was filled by all participants and association was established between learning styles and their past examinations scores. Results: Out of 180 students, 36 students preferred visual, 31 favored aural, 32 chose read/write, 29 liked kinesthetic as single method, but 52 students’ preferred multimodal...
Objective: To assess the correlation of medical professionalism score of final year medical stude... more Objective: To assess the correlation of medical professionalism score of final year medical students with theiracademic results of the final professional examination. Study Design: Correlational study. Place and Duration of Study: Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, from Mar to Nov 2019. Methodology: Final year medical students were enrolled by non-probability consecutive sampling. Their medical professionalism score was calculated using the Penn State College of Medicine-Professionalism Questionnaire (PSCOM-PQ). All the aspects of accountability, altruism, excellence, duty, honour/integrity and respect were noted using the questionnaire. Thirty points from the questionnaire were used, calculating the maximum value of 150. After the final professional examination, their academic results were procured. The strength of the relationship between medical professionalism score and academic results of final year professional examination was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient....
Background: Professionalism is a global quality expected in Behavioral sciences have been include... more Background: Professionalism is a global quality expected in Behavioral sciences have been included in 3rd year MBBS curriculum since 2014 at FJMU. The purpose of this change is to enhance Professionalism formally in addition to other areas of the subject. This study aims to determine effectiveness of studying behavioral sciences as a subject in enhancing elements of Professionalism. Subjects and methods: The mixed-methods study was used and a sample of 240 3 year medical students was taken by convenient sampling. In the first (quantitative) phase of the study, Penn State College of Medicine Professionalism Questionnaire (PSCOM-PQ) was administered before and after studying behavioral sciences as a subject, to collect pre sample t-test. In the second (qualitative) phase, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted to reveal the reasons for professionalism development and role of Behavioral Sciences in its development. 8 students were selected by purposeful homogeneous sampling techniq...