Mohammed Abou-Saleh - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Mohammed Abou-Saleh

Research paper thumbnail of Schizophrenia and co-morbid obsessive - compulsive disorder: Clinical characteristics

Asian journal of psychiatry, Jan 18, 2018

Psychiatric co-morbidity is a common condition, partly due to the overlap of symptoms in the cate... more Psychiatric co-morbidity is a common condition, partly due to the overlap of symptoms in the categorical diagnosis of mental disorders. The co-occurrence of schizophrenia (SZ) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common and challenging co-morbid condition. Also, the relationship between SZ and OCD remains unclear. The aim of this study was to describe the co-morbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) among schizophrenia (SZ) patients and compare clinical characteristics of schizophrenia patients with versus without comorbid OCD. A cohort-study was carried out on 396 patients enrolled between November 2011 to June 2014 at the Department of Psychiatry, Rumeilah Hospital in Qatar. We employed the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI), and Structured clinical interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5) for diagnoses, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Symptom Checklist for scoring OCD. Patients were grouped in SZ patients with and without comorbid OCD (SZ-OCD...

Research paper thumbnail of Lithium in the episode and suicide prophylaxis and in augmenting strategies in patients with unipolar depression

International journal of bipolar disorders, 2017

Depressive disorders are a leading cause of the global burden of disease and are associated with ... more Depressive disorders are a leading cause of the global burden of disease and are associated with high recurrent often continuing morbidity and high excess mortality by suicide and cardiovascular disease. Whilst there are established, effective and cost-effective treatments for depression, their long-term management is often neglected: there is continuing controversy over the case of need for long-term treatment including lifelong treatment and safety issues. In this narrative review, we critically examine the evidence for the effectiveness and safety of lithium salts in the long-term management of unipolar depression. We refer to existing recent international guidelines as well as the scientific literature selectively and against the background of our longstanding experience with patients suffering from unipolar depression who are often under treated or inappropriately treated. According to many studies mostly dating back to the 1970/1980s, lithium is efficacious in the prophylaxis ...

Research paper thumbnail of Hormonal Aspects of Postpartum Depression

Psychoneuroendocrinology, 1998

Plasma cortisol, prolactin, oestrogen, progesterone, thyroxine, thyrotrophin (TSH) were collected... more Plasma cortisol, prolactin, oestrogen, progesterone, thyroxine, thyrotrophin (TSH) were collected from 23 pregnant, 70 postpartum women at 7 days postpartum, and 38 non-gravid controls. Sixty two postpartum women were screened for depression by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) on day 7 after delivery and 34 of them were assessed by the Present State Examination (PSE) at 8 +/- 2 weeks after delivery. Postpartum women had a significantly greater level of cortisol, prolactin, thyroxine and oestrogen than non-puerperal women. Postpartum women with current depression (EPDS > or = 11) had significantly lower plasma prolactin levels than those without depression and those who developed depression within 6-10 weeks after delivery (PSE level > or = 5) had significantly lower plasma prolactin and significantly greater progesterone levels than those who were not depressed. There were significant correlations between age and plasma cortisol and prolactin levels. Higher thyroxine levels predicted greater severity of concurrent symptoms of depression (total EPDS score) whilst higher progesterone and lower prolactin levels predicted the occurrence of depression (total PSE score) 6-10 weeks after delivery. Women who breastfed had significantly lower EPDS and total PSE scores and higher plasma prolactin levels than those who did not breastfed their infants whilst women who had previous episodes of depression had significantly greater EPDS and PSE scores, lower prolactin and higher TSH levels than those who had not suffered from previous episodes of depression.

Research paper thumbnail of The prevalence and burden of psychiatric disorders in primary health care visits in qatar: too little time?

Journal of family medicine and primary care

Psychiatric disorders including anxiety, depression, somatization, obsessive compulsive, and bipo... more Psychiatric disorders including anxiety, depression, somatization, obsessive compulsive, and bipolar disorders are recognized as causing the biggest burden of disease worldwide. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence and burden of common mental disorders at Primary Health Care Centers (PHCC) using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI) in the Qatari population, aged 18-65 who attended Primary Health Care (PHC) settings. A prospective cross-sectional study conducted during November 2011 to October 2012. Primary Health Care Centers of the Supreme Council of Health, Qatar. A total of 2,000 Qatari subjects aged 18-65 years were approached; 1475 (73.3%) agreed to participate. Prevalence and severity of International Classification of Disease-10 disorders were assessed with the WHO-CIDI (Version 3.0). Of the 1475 participants, 830 (56.3%) were females and 645 (43.7%) was males. One-third were aged 35-49 years 558 (37.8%). The three ...

Research paper thumbnail of Biological Perspectives on Psychiatry for the Person

The International Journal of Person Centered Medicine, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guideline: psychosis with coexisting substance misuse

Addiction, 2011

This editorial summarizes the main recommendations of the NICE guideline on psychosis and coexist... more This editorial summarizes the main recommendations of the NICE guideline on psychosis and coexisting substance misuse. It outlines the dearth of specific evidence (especially for integrated models), but emphasizes implementation of evidence for the treatment of psychosis and substance misuse separately for current best practice and policy. It highlights research options and training needs to further enhance effective treatment.

Research paper thumbnail of Cerebral blood flow in alcohol withdrawal: relation to severity of dependence and cognitive impairment

Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 2003

Background: Alcohol dependence affects cerebral function in complex, still unsettled ways. Method... more Background: Alcohol dependence affects cerebral function in complex, still unsettled ways. Methods: Thirty exclusively alcohol-dependent patients in various stages of withdrawal and 25 matched controls were examined for regional uptake of 99mTc-HMPAO in nine homologous regions of the cerebral cortex by single photon emission tomography (SPET). Image analysis reports regional uptake/uptake in homologous hemisphere. Results: Alcohol dependence is associated with diminished perfusion in the anterior, and middle frontal regions, and increased perfusion in the posterior temporal regions. Frontal hypoperfusion is related to alcohol withdrawal because it disappears with longer time between imaging, last intake and correlates with a composite index of cognitive impairment at the time. Temporal hyperperfusion persists for longer periods. Severe dependence correlates with both frontal, and temporal altered perfusion. Discussion: Alcohol withdrawal leads to redistribution of blood flow favouri...

Research paper thumbnail of The epidemiology of substance misuse and comorbid psychiatric disorders

Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 2004

The common co-occurrence of substance misuse and other psychiatric disorders and their intricate ... more The common co-occurrence of substance misuse and other psychiatric disorders and their intricate relationships have led to major community-based epidemiological studies in the US which showed high rates of current and lifetime comorbidity. Moreover, studies of clinical populations conducted in North America, Europe and Australia, showed even higher rates of comorbidity. The aetology of this comorbidity has also been investigated and important models have emerged with findings that inform its assessment and treatment. Future epidemiological studies should focus on the study of concurrent conditions rather than lifetime ones using research diagnostic instruments with high reliability providing information on a number of key outcomes.

Research paper thumbnail of Advisory board

The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the S... more The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Secretariat of the

Research paper thumbnail of The effectiveness and cost effectiveness of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for opiate misusers in methadone maintenance treatment: A multicentre, randomised, controlled trial. UKCBTMM Study: United Kingdom Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Study in Methadone Maintenance Treatment

Research paper thumbnail of Drug use disorder in primary care mental health

Companion to Primary Care Mental Health, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Take home naloxone: a contribution for the ongoing debate

Research paper thumbnail of Challenges and Opportunities for Person Centered Integrated Care Through the Life Course

the International Journal of Person-Centered Medicine, 2016

Objective: To examine the opportunities and challenges in achieving person centered integrated ca... more Objective: To examine the opportunities and challenges in achieving person centered integrated care through the life course. Methods: Critical literature review and evidence based analysis of person-centered integrated care through the life course, combined with expert consultation. The World Health Organization’s “Global Framework on Integrated People-Centred Health Services” is used as a basis. Results: Using the approach of the life cycle allows connection of persons’ current health status to their sociocultural, biological, and psychological context. Person centered medicine has as its central precept the relationship between the health professional and person seeking care. This principle is the link to primary health care, which is built on a lasting relationship with individuals and populations in their social context. The patient’s medical home provides one promising model of how health services can be organized to support the full achievement of person centered integrated ca...

Research paper thumbnail of Randomised controlled trial

Context Adherence to a Mediterranean diet has been associated with decreased risk of cognitive im... more Context Adherence to a Mediterranean diet has been associated with decreased risk of cognitive impairment. According to a recent meta-analysis, high adherence to a Mediterranean diet correlated with 40% decreased risk for this condition. The protective effect of a Mediterranean diet appears to span the spectrum of cognitive impairment from mild to advanced, including Alzheimer’s disease. Nevertheless, current evidence stems from observational studies, 2 which may have biases not present in randomised trials. This randomised clinical trial examines the effect of a Mediterranean diet on age-related cognitive decline.

Research paper thumbnail of Professor Hamid Ghodse CBE

International Psychiatry, 2013

His untimely death is a great loss to international psychiatry. After a career spanning over 40 y... more His untimely death is a great loss to international psychiatry. After a career spanning over 40 years, Hamid's contributions to world psy chiatry are legendary and will be difficult to match. He was instrumental in bringing the Royal College of Psychiatrists to its current international standing. As Director of the Board of International Affairs in 2001, Hamid strengthened the structure, function, reach and impact of the international divisions and ensured their contributions to the annual meetings of the College. He established International Psychiatry and as Editor ensured its global reach and influence by recruiting contributions from countries that had little exposure in international journals.

Research paper thumbnail of Mental health in Syria

International Psychiatry, 2013

This paper begins by outlining the nature of the present conflict in Syria. It goes on to describ... more This paper begins by outlining the nature of the present conflict in Syria. It goes on to describe the psychological consequences of this conflict and the present state of the mental health services in the country.

Research paper thumbnail of Screening for mental problems in people presenting with hypertension and comorbidities

BMJ (Clinical research ed.), Apr 26, 2016

The authors provided good guidance on the complexities of managing hypertension with associated c... more The authors provided good guidance on the complexities of managing hypertension with associated chronic comorbid physical conditions, such as kidney disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and heart failure.1 However, they did not mention the mental health problems that are often seen in these people …

Research paper thumbnail of Children with psychiatric disorders: the A1 Ain Community Psychiatric Survey

Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2003

The prevalence of child psychiatric morbidity in the community is unknown in most developing coun... more The prevalence of child psychiatric morbidity in the community is unknown in most developing countries, including those in the Arab region. An epidemiologic study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and to determine the sociodemographic correlates in a sample of children in the community, aged 6 to 18 years, in A1 Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE). We obtained a prevalence rate of 22.2% for overall morbidity, as classified in the DSM-1V, and 14.3% for those with significant dysfunction, with the most common diagnosis being mood disorders. Female sex, large family size, chronic life difficulties, family history of psychiatric disorder, and alcohol-related problems in a family member were significantly associated with DSM-IV diagnosis. Although the prevalence and symptomatology in this Middle East community are similar to those in Western studies, none of these children had received professional help, suggesting serious deficiencies in mental health care ...

Research paper thumbnail of The European Perspective

Crome/Substance Use and Older People, 2014

The Dispute Settlement Body requires states to provide sufficient explanation if they do not comp... more The Dispute Settlement Body requires states to provide sufficient explanation if they do not comply with international technical standards; otherwise they are found guilty of violating the treaty on technical barriers to trade (TBT). For a good overview, see for example: Kommerskollegium, From Competition to Convergence. TTIP and the Evolution of Global Standards,

Research paper thumbnail of Anorexia nervosa in an Arab culture

International Journal of Eating Disorders, 1998

The available literature indicates that anorexia nervosa is rare in Arab culture. We report 5 cas... more The available literature indicates that anorexia nervosa is rare in Arab culture. We report 5 cases of anorexia nervosa: 3 female and 2 male patients. Two are UAE nationals, 2 are Omanis, and 1 is Sudanese. The occurrence of these cases is discussed in the context of sociocultural changes and the increasing westernization of the UAE society.

Research paper thumbnail of Schizophrenia and co-morbid obsessive - compulsive disorder: Clinical characteristics

Asian journal of psychiatry, Jan 18, 2018

Psychiatric co-morbidity is a common condition, partly due to the overlap of symptoms in the cate... more Psychiatric co-morbidity is a common condition, partly due to the overlap of symptoms in the categorical diagnosis of mental disorders. The co-occurrence of schizophrenia (SZ) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common and challenging co-morbid condition. Also, the relationship between SZ and OCD remains unclear. The aim of this study was to describe the co-morbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) among schizophrenia (SZ) patients and compare clinical characteristics of schizophrenia patients with versus without comorbid OCD. A cohort-study was carried out on 396 patients enrolled between November 2011 to June 2014 at the Department of Psychiatry, Rumeilah Hospital in Qatar. We employed the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI), and Structured clinical interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5) for diagnoses, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Symptom Checklist for scoring OCD. Patients were grouped in SZ patients with and without comorbid OCD (SZ-OCD...

Research paper thumbnail of Lithium in the episode and suicide prophylaxis and in augmenting strategies in patients with unipolar depression

International journal of bipolar disorders, 2017

Depressive disorders are a leading cause of the global burden of disease and are associated with ... more Depressive disorders are a leading cause of the global burden of disease and are associated with high recurrent often continuing morbidity and high excess mortality by suicide and cardiovascular disease. Whilst there are established, effective and cost-effective treatments for depression, their long-term management is often neglected: there is continuing controversy over the case of need for long-term treatment including lifelong treatment and safety issues. In this narrative review, we critically examine the evidence for the effectiveness and safety of lithium salts in the long-term management of unipolar depression. We refer to existing recent international guidelines as well as the scientific literature selectively and against the background of our longstanding experience with patients suffering from unipolar depression who are often under treated or inappropriately treated. According to many studies mostly dating back to the 1970/1980s, lithium is efficacious in the prophylaxis ...

Research paper thumbnail of Hormonal Aspects of Postpartum Depression

Psychoneuroendocrinology, 1998

Plasma cortisol, prolactin, oestrogen, progesterone, thyroxine, thyrotrophin (TSH) were collected... more Plasma cortisol, prolactin, oestrogen, progesterone, thyroxine, thyrotrophin (TSH) were collected from 23 pregnant, 70 postpartum women at 7 days postpartum, and 38 non-gravid controls. Sixty two postpartum women were screened for depression by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) on day 7 after delivery and 34 of them were assessed by the Present State Examination (PSE) at 8 +/- 2 weeks after delivery. Postpartum women had a significantly greater level of cortisol, prolactin, thyroxine and oestrogen than non-puerperal women. Postpartum women with current depression (EPDS > or = 11) had significantly lower plasma prolactin levels than those without depression and those who developed depression within 6-10 weeks after delivery (PSE level > or = 5) had significantly lower plasma prolactin and significantly greater progesterone levels than those who were not depressed. There were significant correlations between age and plasma cortisol and prolactin levels. Higher thyroxine levels predicted greater severity of concurrent symptoms of depression (total EPDS score) whilst higher progesterone and lower prolactin levels predicted the occurrence of depression (total PSE score) 6-10 weeks after delivery. Women who breastfed had significantly lower EPDS and total PSE scores and higher plasma prolactin levels than those who did not breastfed their infants whilst women who had previous episodes of depression had significantly greater EPDS and PSE scores, lower prolactin and higher TSH levels than those who had not suffered from previous episodes of depression.

Research paper thumbnail of The prevalence and burden of psychiatric disorders in primary health care visits in qatar: too little time?

Journal of family medicine and primary care

Psychiatric disorders including anxiety, depression, somatization, obsessive compulsive, and bipo... more Psychiatric disorders including anxiety, depression, somatization, obsessive compulsive, and bipolar disorders are recognized as causing the biggest burden of disease worldwide. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence and burden of common mental disorders at Primary Health Care Centers (PHCC) using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI) in the Qatari population, aged 18-65 who attended Primary Health Care (PHC) settings. A prospective cross-sectional study conducted during November 2011 to October 2012. Primary Health Care Centers of the Supreme Council of Health, Qatar. A total of 2,000 Qatari subjects aged 18-65 years were approached; 1475 (73.3%) agreed to participate. Prevalence and severity of International Classification of Disease-10 disorders were assessed with the WHO-CIDI (Version 3.0). Of the 1475 participants, 830 (56.3%) were females and 645 (43.7%) was males. One-third were aged 35-49 years 558 (37.8%). The three ...

Research paper thumbnail of Biological Perspectives on Psychiatry for the Person

The International Journal of Person Centered Medicine, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guideline: psychosis with coexisting substance misuse

Addiction, 2011

This editorial summarizes the main recommendations of the NICE guideline on psychosis and coexist... more This editorial summarizes the main recommendations of the NICE guideline on psychosis and coexisting substance misuse. It outlines the dearth of specific evidence (especially for integrated models), but emphasizes implementation of evidence for the treatment of psychosis and substance misuse separately for current best practice and policy. It highlights research options and training needs to further enhance effective treatment.

Research paper thumbnail of Cerebral blood flow in alcohol withdrawal: relation to severity of dependence and cognitive impairment

Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 2003

Background: Alcohol dependence affects cerebral function in complex, still unsettled ways. Method... more Background: Alcohol dependence affects cerebral function in complex, still unsettled ways. Methods: Thirty exclusively alcohol-dependent patients in various stages of withdrawal and 25 matched controls were examined for regional uptake of 99mTc-HMPAO in nine homologous regions of the cerebral cortex by single photon emission tomography (SPET). Image analysis reports regional uptake/uptake in homologous hemisphere. Results: Alcohol dependence is associated with diminished perfusion in the anterior, and middle frontal regions, and increased perfusion in the posterior temporal regions. Frontal hypoperfusion is related to alcohol withdrawal because it disappears with longer time between imaging, last intake and correlates with a composite index of cognitive impairment at the time. Temporal hyperperfusion persists for longer periods. Severe dependence correlates with both frontal, and temporal altered perfusion. Discussion: Alcohol withdrawal leads to redistribution of blood flow favouri...

Research paper thumbnail of The epidemiology of substance misuse and comorbid psychiatric disorders

Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 2004

The common co-occurrence of substance misuse and other psychiatric disorders and their intricate ... more The common co-occurrence of substance misuse and other psychiatric disorders and their intricate relationships have led to major community-based epidemiological studies in the US which showed high rates of current and lifetime comorbidity. Moreover, studies of clinical populations conducted in North America, Europe and Australia, showed even higher rates of comorbidity. The aetology of this comorbidity has also been investigated and important models have emerged with findings that inform its assessment and treatment. Future epidemiological studies should focus on the study of concurrent conditions rather than lifetime ones using research diagnostic instruments with high reliability providing information on a number of key outcomes.

Research paper thumbnail of Advisory board

The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the S... more The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Secretariat of the

Research paper thumbnail of The effectiveness and cost effectiveness of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for opiate misusers in methadone maintenance treatment: A multicentre, randomised, controlled trial. UKCBTMM Study: United Kingdom Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Study in Methadone Maintenance Treatment

Research paper thumbnail of Drug use disorder in primary care mental health

Companion to Primary Care Mental Health, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Take home naloxone: a contribution for the ongoing debate

Research paper thumbnail of Challenges and Opportunities for Person Centered Integrated Care Through the Life Course

the International Journal of Person-Centered Medicine, 2016

Objective: To examine the opportunities and challenges in achieving person centered integrated ca... more Objective: To examine the opportunities and challenges in achieving person centered integrated care through the life course. Methods: Critical literature review and evidence based analysis of person-centered integrated care through the life course, combined with expert consultation. The World Health Organization’s “Global Framework on Integrated People-Centred Health Services” is used as a basis. Results: Using the approach of the life cycle allows connection of persons’ current health status to their sociocultural, biological, and psychological context. Person centered medicine has as its central precept the relationship between the health professional and person seeking care. This principle is the link to primary health care, which is built on a lasting relationship with individuals and populations in their social context. The patient’s medical home provides one promising model of how health services can be organized to support the full achievement of person centered integrated ca...

Research paper thumbnail of Randomised controlled trial

Context Adherence to a Mediterranean diet has been associated with decreased risk of cognitive im... more Context Adherence to a Mediterranean diet has been associated with decreased risk of cognitive impairment. According to a recent meta-analysis, high adherence to a Mediterranean diet correlated with 40% decreased risk for this condition. The protective effect of a Mediterranean diet appears to span the spectrum of cognitive impairment from mild to advanced, including Alzheimer’s disease. Nevertheless, current evidence stems from observational studies, 2 which may have biases not present in randomised trials. This randomised clinical trial examines the effect of a Mediterranean diet on age-related cognitive decline.

Research paper thumbnail of Professor Hamid Ghodse CBE

International Psychiatry, 2013

His untimely death is a great loss to international psychiatry. After a career spanning over 40 y... more His untimely death is a great loss to international psychiatry. After a career spanning over 40 years, Hamid's contributions to world psy chiatry are legendary and will be difficult to match. He was instrumental in bringing the Royal College of Psychiatrists to its current international standing. As Director of the Board of International Affairs in 2001, Hamid strengthened the structure, function, reach and impact of the international divisions and ensured their contributions to the annual meetings of the College. He established International Psychiatry and as Editor ensured its global reach and influence by recruiting contributions from countries that had little exposure in international journals.

Research paper thumbnail of Mental health in Syria

International Psychiatry, 2013

This paper begins by outlining the nature of the present conflict in Syria. It goes on to describ... more This paper begins by outlining the nature of the present conflict in Syria. It goes on to describe the psychological consequences of this conflict and the present state of the mental health services in the country.

Research paper thumbnail of Screening for mental problems in people presenting with hypertension and comorbidities

BMJ (Clinical research ed.), Apr 26, 2016

The authors provided good guidance on the complexities of managing hypertension with associated c... more The authors provided good guidance on the complexities of managing hypertension with associated chronic comorbid physical conditions, such as kidney disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and heart failure.1 However, they did not mention the mental health problems that are often seen in these people …

Research paper thumbnail of Children with psychiatric disorders: the A1 Ain Community Psychiatric Survey

Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2003

The prevalence of child psychiatric morbidity in the community is unknown in most developing coun... more The prevalence of child psychiatric morbidity in the community is unknown in most developing countries, including those in the Arab region. An epidemiologic study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and to determine the sociodemographic correlates in a sample of children in the community, aged 6 to 18 years, in A1 Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE). We obtained a prevalence rate of 22.2% for overall morbidity, as classified in the DSM-1V, and 14.3% for those with significant dysfunction, with the most common diagnosis being mood disorders. Female sex, large family size, chronic life difficulties, family history of psychiatric disorder, and alcohol-related problems in a family member were significantly associated with DSM-IV diagnosis. Although the prevalence and symptomatology in this Middle East community are similar to those in Western studies, none of these children had received professional help, suggesting serious deficiencies in mental health care ...

Research paper thumbnail of The European Perspective

Crome/Substance Use and Older People, 2014

The Dispute Settlement Body requires states to provide sufficient explanation if they do not comp... more The Dispute Settlement Body requires states to provide sufficient explanation if they do not comply with international technical standards; otherwise they are found guilty of violating the treaty on technical barriers to trade (TBT). For a good overview, see for example: Kommerskollegium, From Competition to Convergence. TTIP and the Evolution of Global Standards,

Research paper thumbnail of Anorexia nervosa in an Arab culture

International Journal of Eating Disorders, 1998

The available literature indicates that anorexia nervosa is rare in Arab culture. We report 5 cas... more The available literature indicates that anorexia nervosa is rare in Arab culture. We report 5 cases of anorexia nervosa: 3 female and 2 male patients. Two are UAE nationals, 2 are Omanis, and 1 is Sudanese. The occurrence of these cases is discussed in the context of sociocultural changes and the increasing westernization of the UAE society.