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Papers by Abrham S. Tewachew

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of Birth Asphyxia Among Newborns in Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia: a Case-control Study

Research Square (Research Square), Sep 8, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of birth asphyxia among newborns in Debre Berhan referral hospital, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia: a case-control study

BMC Pediatrics, Mar 30, 2022

Background: Birth asphyxia is the major public health problem in the world. It is estimated that ... more Background: Birth asphyxia is the major public health problem in the world. It is estimated that around 23% of all newborn deaths are caused by birth asphyxia worldwide. Birth asphyxia is the top three causes of newborn deaths in sub-Saharan Africa and more than one-third of deaths in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify determinants of birth asphyxia which can play a crucial role to decrease the death of newborns. Methods: Unmatched case-control study design was implemented among 276 (92 cases and 184 controls) newborns from January 1st to March 30th, 2020. A systematic sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected by using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and document review by trained nurses and midwives who work at the delivery ward of the hospitals. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was done to identify determinants of birth asphyxia. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and p-value less than and equal to 0.05 were used to assess the level of significance.

Research paper thumbnail of Level of Acceptance of Illness and Its Association with Quality of Life among Patients with Epilepsy in North Shewa, Ethiopia

Behavioural Neurology

Acceptance of illness is regarded as an indicator of functioning and predictor of quality of life... more Acceptance of illness is regarded as an indicator of functioning and predictor of quality of life. However, quality of life of patients with epilepsy in sub-Saharan countries worsen because of low medication adherence, increased morbidity and mortality, and the stigmatization associated with the disease. This research is aimed at assessing the level of acceptance of illness of patients with epilepsy and associated quality of life in North-East Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2021 at the Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, North-East Ethiopia. A total of 78 patients with epilepsy aged more than 18 years were randomly selected and assessed using Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory 31 and acceptance of illness scale. In addition, authors owned questionnaire were used to evaluate the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. P value < 0.05 at 95% confidence level was considered to be statistically significant in all the...

Research paper thumbnail of Time to Switch to Second-Line Anti-Retroviral Treatment and Its Predictors Among HIV Infected Adults with Virological Failure in Northwest Ethiopia: A Retrospective Follow-Up Study

HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care, 2022

Background: HIV treatment failure is a devastating public health challenge worldwide. Low rates a... more Background: HIV treatment failure is a devastating public health challenge worldwide. Low rates and delays in switching are associated with increased death and second-line failure. But the time to switch and predictors are not well studied in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study assessed the time to switch to second-line ART and its predictors among HIV-infected adults with virological failure in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted from Oct 1/2016 to Feb 28/2020 in Northwest Ethiopia. Secondary data were extracted through a predefined extraction tool from 427 HIV-infected adults, which were selected by systematic random sampling. Kaplan-Meier with log rank test was done to identify the survival time and compare survival time among different categorical independent variables. The Cox proportional hazard model was fitted and variables having a p-value of less than 0.05 with a 95% confidence level were identified as a predictor of time to switch to second-line ART and interpreted accordingly. Results: A total of 288 (67.45%) HIV-infected adults were switched to second-line ART with a median time of 162 days (IQR: 35,682). The risk of switching is higher among HIV infected adults with viral RNA of 60,000 copies/mL or more at failure (AHR=1.80, 95% CI: 1.31-2.48), ≥8 years duration on first-line ART (AHR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.62, 3.29) and enhanced adherence counseling of 4 to 6 sessions (AHR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.63), and lower with 4 or more missed appointments (AHR: 0.49, 95% CI; 0.28, 0.84) and no history of 1st line regimen change (AHR: 0.53: 95% CI: 0.41,0.69). Conclusion: The median time to switch to second-line ART following 1st line virological failure is about 162 days, higher than other related studies. But switching was higher in patients with high viral RNA copies, missed appointments, longer duration on first-line ART, and the number of enhanced adherence counseling. So, intervention strategies that aid patients to have timely switch without due delays as soon as virologic failure should be prioritized.

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of Opportunistic Infections Among HIV-Positive Patients on HAART in Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia, 2020: A Case–Control Study

HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care, 2021

Introduction: Opportunistic infections are an illness that exists more frequently and is more sev... more Introduction: Opportunistic infections are an illness that exists more frequently and is more severe in people with HIV. In HIV/AIDS patients, opportunistic infections still cause morbidity and mortality even after the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and most patients die as direct or indirect complications of opportunistic infections. This study was aimed to identify the determinants for the occurrence of opportunistic infections in HIV-positive patients having HAART follow-up in DBRH, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia. Methods: A total of 339 study subjects were involved under institution-based unmatched case-control study design and simple random sampling technique. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were entered using Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed for descriptive and logistic regression models by SPSS version 21. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: After adjusting potential confounders, drinking alcohol (AOR=3.12, 95% CI: 1.07-9.06), BMI <18.5 (AOR= 3.36, 95% CI: 1.49-7.55), previous history of opportunistic infections (AOR= 2.96, 95% CI: 1.51-5.8) were independent predictors of opportunistic infections in people living with HIV/AIDS on HAART. Conclusion: In this study, the poor clinical and biochemical status, and behavioral factors were being the predictors of the occurrence of opportunistic infections. HIV/AIDS patients must be assessed and screened for opportunistic infections.

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of Birth Asphyxia Among Newborns in Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia: a Case-control Study

Research Square (Research Square), Sep 8, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of birth asphyxia among newborns in Debre Berhan referral hospital, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia: a case-control study

BMC Pediatrics, Mar 30, 2022

Background: Birth asphyxia is the major public health problem in the world. It is estimated that ... more Background: Birth asphyxia is the major public health problem in the world. It is estimated that around 23% of all newborn deaths are caused by birth asphyxia worldwide. Birth asphyxia is the top three causes of newborn deaths in sub-Saharan Africa and more than one-third of deaths in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify determinants of birth asphyxia which can play a crucial role to decrease the death of newborns. Methods: Unmatched case-control study design was implemented among 276 (92 cases and 184 controls) newborns from January 1st to March 30th, 2020. A systematic sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected by using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and document review by trained nurses and midwives who work at the delivery ward of the hospitals. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was done to identify determinants of birth asphyxia. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and p-value less than and equal to 0.05 were used to assess the level of significance.

Research paper thumbnail of Level of Acceptance of Illness and Its Association with Quality of Life among Patients with Epilepsy in North Shewa, Ethiopia

Behavioural Neurology

Acceptance of illness is regarded as an indicator of functioning and predictor of quality of life... more Acceptance of illness is regarded as an indicator of functioning and predictor of quality of life. However, quality of life of patients with epilepsy in sub-Saharan countries worsen because of low medication adherence, increased morbidity and mortality, and the stigmatization associated with the disease. This research is aimed at assessing the level of acceptance of illness of patients with epilepsy and associated quality of life in North-East Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2021 at the Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, North-East Ethiopia. A total of 78 patients with epilepsy aged more than 18 years were randomly selected and assessed using Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory 31 and acceptance of illness scale. In addition, authors owned questionnaire were used to evaluate the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. P value < 0.05 at 95% confidence level was considered to be statistically significant in all the...

Research paper thumbnail of Time to Switch to Second-Line Anti-Retroviral Treatment and Its Predictors Among HIV Infected Adults with Virological Failure in Northwest Ethiopia: A Retrospective Follow-Up Study

HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care, 2022

Background: HIV treatment failure is a devastating public health challenge worldwide. Low rates a... more Background: HIV treatment failure is a devastating public health challenge worldwide. Low rates and delays in switching are associated with increased death and second-line failure. But the time to switch and predictors are not well studied in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study assessed the time to switch to second-line ART and its predictors among HIV-infected adults with virological failure in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted from Oct 1/2016 to Feb 28/2020 in Northwest Ethiopia. Secondary data were extracted through a predefined extraction tool from 427 HIV-infected adults, which were selected by systematic random sampling. Kaplan-Meier with log rank test was done to identify the survival time and compare survival time among different categorical independent variables. The Cox proportional hazard model was fitted and variables having a p-value of less than 0.05 with a 95% confidence level were identified as a predictor of time to switch to second-line ART and interpreted accordingly. Results: A total of 288 (67.45%) HIV-infected adults were switched to second-line ART with a median time of 162 days (IQR: 35,682). The risk of switching is higher among HIV infected adults with viral RNA of 60,000 copies/mL or more at failure (AHR=1.80, 95% CI: 1.31-2.48), ≥8 years duration on first-line ART (AHR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.62, 3.29) and enhanced adherence counseling of 4 to 6 sessions (AHR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.63), and lower with 4 or more missed appointments (AHR: 0.49, 95% CI; 0.28, 0.84) and no history of 1st line regimen change (AHR: 0.53: 95% CI: 0.41,0.69). Conclusion: The median time to switch to second-line ART following 1st line virological failure is about 162 days, higher than other related studies. But switching was higher in patients with high viral RNA copies, missed appointments, longer duration on first-line ART, and the number of enhanced adherence counseling. So, intervention strategies that aid patients to have timely switch without due delays as soon as virologic failure should be prioritized.

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of Opportunistic Infections Among HIV-Positive Patients on HAART in Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia, 2020: A Case–Control Study

HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care, 2021

Introduction: Opportunistic infections are an illness that exists more frequently and is more sev... more Introduction: Opportunistic infections are an illness that exists more frequently and is more severe in people with HIV. In HIV/AIDS patients, opportunistic infections still cause morbidity and mortality even after the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and most patients die as direct or indirect complications of opportunistic infections. This study was aimed to identify the determinants for the occurrence of opportunistic infections in HIV-positive patients having HAART follow-up in DBRH, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia. Methods: A total of 339 study subjects were involved under institution-based unmatched case-control study design and simple random sampling technique. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were entered using Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed for descriptive and logistic regression models by SPSS version 21. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: After adjusting potential confounders, drinking alcohol (AOR=3.12, 95% CI: 1.07-9.06), BMI <18.5 (AOR= 3.36, 95% CI: 1.49-7.55), previous history of opportunistic infections (AOR= 2.96, 95% CI: 1.51-5.8) were independent predictors of opportunistic infections in people living with HIV/AIDS on HAART. Conclusion: In this study, the poor clinical and biochemical status, and behavioral factors were being the predictors of the occurrence of opportunistic infections. HIV/AIDS patients must be assessed and screened for opportunistic infections.