Abu mano Kamara - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Abu mano Kamara

OALib

Most Tax administrations around the world have now resorted to digitalization in tax administrati... more Most Tax administrations around the world have now resorted to digitalization in tax administration due to continuous technological innovation, business change, and the need to improve services, optimize operational efficiency and increase tax compliance and revenue collections. Digitalizing tax administration is creating changes in the way tax is administered and taxpayers' compliance with the NRA. It is important to embrace the opportunities of reforming tax administration through digitalization even though there will be institutional and budgetary challenges that will need to be overcome; its benefits are enormous and continuous. Tax administration will lose their core objective of remaining an efficient and effective source of generating government revenue if they do not follow the trend of digitalization. This study explores digitalization as reforming tax administrations and the benefits therein. Its focuses on the NRA administration, processes, and procedures and the implementation of digitalization as a way to improve efficacy and efficiency in tax administrations. This study will use the exploratory, qualitative and ex-facto design and data collection will be done through the Monitoring and Research (MRP) Department within the NRA, secondary sources such as literature from contemporary studies, and the internet. This paper reviews how the NRA was able to implement three digital reforms namely, the Integrated Tax Administration System (ITAS), the Electronic Cash Register (ECR), and the Automated System for Customs Data (ASYCUDA World) that boost compliance on wider coverage and revenue performance to meet the much-needed government expenditures. With the introduction of these reforms, the government through the NRA has been able to mitigate tax avoidance and evasion, making tax administration simple and easy with taxpayers able to file tax returns anywhere anytime with more efficient and effective administrative How to cite this paper:

OALib

Critics of foreign aid programs have long argued that poverty reflects government failure. In thi... more Critics of foreign aid programs have long argued that poverty reflects government failure. In this paper, I test predictions for aid effectiveness based on an analytical framework that relates aid effectiveness to political regimes. Based on a systematic review of the impact of aid on both state capacity for, and elite commitment to sustainable development, this article concludes that a better understanding of the impact of aid has the potential to directly inform practices of international development. This requires better empirical insight into how donors interact with formal and informal institutions in Sierra Leone. Furthermore, it is critical to see aid as part of a spectrum of international exchange, rather than in isolation. This implies a significant research agenda, combining quantitative and in-depth qualitative analysis, as there are barriers to more informed political analysis to inform practice, and little analysis exists of how donors, even where they do start adopting a political perspective, do influence local institutions and the people they work with.

OALib

This research focused on the Study of Causes and Effects of Cost Categorisation on Environmental ... more This research focused on the Study of Causes and Effects of Cost Categorisation on Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) at Sierra Mineral Holdings Limited in Sierra Leone. Specifically, this study serves as a continuation of the previous article on environmental management accounting. It focused on the present environmental cost paid to produce environmental reports, developing a compliance strategy, and also taking a critical look at the use of knowledge management systems in environmental management accounting. The study made use of probabilistic sampling and uses a research design that caters to both primary and secondary data. The researcher made use of descriptive design surveys, and in addition, conducted interviews to obtain the required data for the research. This piece of work used business models like Ishikawa Model also known as the Fishbone diagram to analyze and interpret data. The findings of this study revealed that there is high compliance from Sierra Mineral Holdings Limited with payment on costs to produce environmental reports. The study developed an imaginary cause, and effects and came up with possible solutions to build a compliance strategy for Sierra Mineral Holdings Limited as they do not have an internal audit department. This study also discusses how a Knowledge management system will improve performance in an organization.

OALib

This study gives an assessment of the effectiveness of Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) ... more This study gives an assessment of the effectiveness of Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) at Sierra Mineral Holdings Limited in Sierra Leone. Specifically, this study focuses on the present environmental management accounting practices that have been adopted by the management and how risk is being assessed. The study made use of probabilistic sampling and uses a research design that caters to both primary and secondary data. The study made use of the mixed methods techniques that were derived from a research paradigm & strategies of inquiry that were adopted by the researcher, and these however justified the research approach. The study adopted the use of descriptive design surveys using well-structured questionnaires and conducted personal interviews to obtain information. This piece of work used mathematical models like Benford's Law and the KNIME Analytics Platform software to analyze and interpret data. The findings of this study revealed that there is a high awareness of environmental management accounting for the various cost categories and in the assessment of environmental risk in Sierra Leone as a developing country. The study uses an imaginary company's income statement to explain the conventional cost as it clearly shows how environmental costs are captured in the notes of the financial statements but then lose their identity in overheads which will prevent management from making informed decisions. Based on the findings of this study, it is prudent that organizations put modalities in place for effective management of environmental management accounting principles.

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

Best New African Poets 2021 Anthology

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2021

Safety and long-term immunogenicity of the two-dose heterologous Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo Ebola... more Safety and long-term immunogenicity of the two-dose heterologous Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccine regimen in adults in Sierra Leone: a combined open-label, non-randomised stage 1, and a randomised, double-blind, controlled stage 2 trial. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 22 (1). pp. 97-109.

Clinical Kidney Journal, 2020

Background End-stage renal disease yields susceptibility to both ischemia and bleeding. The optim... more Background End-stage renal disease yields susceptibility to both ischemia and bleeding. The optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation is not established in dialysis patients, who are usually excluded from randomized studies. Since recent studies implied the benefits of prolonged DAPT >12 months in chronic kidney disease, we investigated the effectiveness and safety of prolonged DAPT in dialysis patients with higher cardiovascular risks. Methods In this nationwide population-based study, we analyzed dialysis patients who underwent DES implantation from 2008 to 2015. Continued DAPT was compared with discontinued DAPT using landmark analyses, including free-of-event participants at 12 (n = 2246), 15 (n = 1925) and 18 months (n = 1692) after DES implantation. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs): a composite of mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization and stroke. Major b...

Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research, 2016

Background: Many people who lack reliable access to a quality and safe drinking water source in o... more Background: Many people who lack reliable access to a quality and safe drinking water source in or near the home rely on commercial drinking water products, such as machine-filled sachet water, that may be of variable quality. Methods: A participatory geographic information system was used in conjunction with distribution point and vendor census in the study area to identify a total of 36 water sources across Bo city that are used for commercial water production. These include 6 water sources and the production facilities for 10 brands of machine-filled factory-produced water sachets as well as the 10 sources and finished samples for 10hand-tied plastic-bagged water producers. Water samples from all 16 water sources and 20 commercial water products purchased from randomly-selected retail outlets and street vendors were tested for microbiological and physicochemical properties. Workers at all of these facilities were also interviewed about their knowledge and practices. Results: All of the machine-filled sachet waters were free of microbial contamination, but several of the handtied water sachets, all filled from unlined local wells, and had coliform bacteria. Both machine-filled sachet water and hand-tied sachet water had pH levels that were below the World Health Organization's recommended range. Water with acidic pH can cause corrosion of the metal pipes used with wells and can release those potentially harmful minerals into drinking water. Water factory workers used a variety of water treatment methods to purify their products; hand-tied sachets generally used only cloth filters to purify the water, and often stored water in open containers. Conclusions: Improved quality of commercial water products would improve health in Sierra Leone.

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2016

In 2012, the government of Sierra Leone cut the national budget allocation to the health sector. ... more In 2012, the government of Sierra Leone cut the national budget allocation to the health sector. Civil society organizations planned a nationwide health budget advocacy campaign, coinciding with the 2012 general elections, to hold future leaders to account on financing for women's and children's health. As part of the campaign, Evidence for Action produced district health budget tracking scorecards. The scorecards presented Ministry of Finance data on the allocation and disbursement of health funds in each district. The data were communicated using simple, non‐technical language so that citizens could understand the key messages and take action. A total of 5600 scorecards were shared at district electoral forums attended by political candidates, community members, and health activists. Since the election, the proportion of the total government budget allocated to health increased from 7.4% in 2012 to 11.2% in 2014. However, transforming politicians’ commitments and pledges i...

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2020

BACKGROUND To address the unmet medical need for an effective prophylactic vaccine against Ebola ... more BACKGROUND To address the unmet medical need for an effective prophylactic vaccine against Ebola virus we assessed the safety and immunogenicity of three different two-dose heterologous vaccination regimens with a replication-deficient adenovirus type 26 vector-based vaccine (Ad26.ZEBOV), expressing Zaire Ebola virus glycoprotein, and a non-replicating, recombinant, modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vector-based vaccine, encoding glycoproteins from Zaire Ebola virus, Sudan virus, and Marburg virus, and nucleoprotein from the Tai Forest virus. METHODS This randomised, observer-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial was done at seven hospitals in France and two research centres in the UK. Healthy adults (aged 18-65 years) with no history of Ebola vaccination were enrolled into four cohorts. Participants in cohorts I-III were randomly assigned (1:1:1) using computer-generated randomisation codes into three parallel groups (randomisation for cohorts II and III was stratified by country and age), in which participants were to receive an intramuscular injection of Ad26.ZEBOV on day 1, followed by intramuscular injection of MVA-BN-Filo at either 28 days (28-day interval group), 56 days (56-day interval group), or 84 days (84-day interval group) after the first vaccine. Within these three groups, participants in cohort II (14:1) and cohort III (10:3) were further randomly assigned to receive either Ad26.ZEBOV or placebo on day 1, followed by either MVA-BN-Filo or placebo on days 28, 56, or 84. Participants in cohort IV were randomly assigned (5:1) to receive one dose of either Ad26.ZEBOV or placebo on day 1 for vector shedding assessments. For cohorts II and III, study site personnel, sponsor personnel, and participants were masked to vaccine allocation until all participants in these cohorts had completed the post-MVA-BN-Filo vaccination visit at 6 months or had discontinued the trial, whereas cohort I was open-label. For cohort IV, study site personnel and participants were masked to vaccine allocation until all participants in this cohort had completed the post-vaccination visit at 28 days or had discontinued the trial. The primary outcome, analysed in all participants who had received at least one dose of vaccine or placebo (full analysis set), was the safety and tolerability of the three vaccination regimens, as assessed by participant-reported solicited local and systemic adverse events within 7 days of receiving both vaccines, unsolicited adverse events within 42 days of receiving the MVA-BN-Filo vaccine, and serious adverse events over 365 days of follow-up. The secondary outcome was humoral immunogenicity, as measured by the concentration of Ebola virus glycoprotein-binding antibodies at 21 days after receiving the MVA-BN-Filo vaccine. The secondary outcome was assessed in the per-protocol analysis set. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02416453, and EudraCT, 2015-000596-27. FINDINGS Between June 23, 2015, and April 27, 2016, 423 participants were enrolled: 408 in cohorts I-III were randomly assigned to the 28-day interval group (123 to receive Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo, and 13 to receive placebo), the 56-day interval group (124 to receive Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo, and 13 to receive placebo), and the 84-day interval group (117 to receive Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo, and 18 to receive placebo), and 15 participants in cohort IV were assigned to receive Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo (n=13) or to receive placebo (n=2). 421 (99·5%) participants received at least one dose of vaccine or placebo. The trial was temporarily suspended after two serious neurological adverse events were reported, one of which was considered as possibly related to vaccination, and per-protocol vaccination was disrupted for some participants. Vaccinations were generally well tolerated. Mild or moderate local adverse events (mostly pain) were reported after 206 (62%) of 332 Ad26.ZEBOV vaccinations, 136 (58%) of 236 MVA-BN-Filo vaccinations, and 11 (15%) of 72 placebo injections. Systemic adverse events were reported after 255 (77%) Ad26.ZEBOV vaccinations, 116 (49%) MVA-BN-Filo vaccinations, and 33 (46%) placebo injections, and included mostly mild or moderate fatigue, headache, or myalgia. Unsolicited adverse events occurred after 115 (35%) of 332 Ad26.ZEBOV vaccinations, 81 (34%) of 236 MVA-BN-Filo vaccinations, and 24 (33%) of 72 placebo injections. At 21 days after receiving the MVA-BN-Filo vaccine, geometric mean concentrations of Ebola virus glycoprotein-binding antibodies were 4627 ELISA units (EU)/mL (95% CI 3649-5867) in the 28-day interval group, 10 131 EU/mL (8554-11 999) in the 56-day interval group, and 11 312 mL (9072-14106) in the 84-day interval group, with antibody concentrations persisting at 1149-1205 EU/mL up to day 365. INTERPRETATION The two-dose heterologous regimen with Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo was safe, well tolerated, and immunogenic, with humoral and cellular immune responses persisting for 1…

OALib

Most Tax administrations around the world have now resorted to digitalization in tax administrati... more Most Tax administrations around the world have now resorted to digitalization in tax administration due to continuous technological innovation, business change, and the need to improve services, optimize operational efficiency and increase tax compliance and revenue collections. Digitalizing tax administration is creating changes in the way tax is administered and taxpayers' compliance with the NRA. It is important to embrace the opportunities of reforming tax administration through digitalization even though there will be institutional and budgetary challenges that will need to be overcome; its benefits are enormous and continuous. Tax administration will lose their core objective of remaining an efficient and effective source of generating government revenue if they do not follow the trend of digitalization. This study explores digitalization as reforming tax administrations and the benefits therein. Its focuses on the NRA administration, processes, and procedures and the implementation of digitalization as a way to improve efficacy and efficiency in tax administrations. This study will use the exploratory, qualitative and ex-facto design and data collection will be done through the Monitoring and Research (MRP) Department within the NRA, secondary sources such as literature from contemporary studies, and the internet. This paper reviews how the NRA was able to implement three digital reforms namely, the Integrated Tax Administration System (ITAS), the Electronic Cash Register (ECR), and the Automated System for Customs Data (ASYCUDA World) that boost compliance on wider coverage and revenue performance to meet the much-needed government expenditures. With the introduction of these reforms, the government through the NRA has been able to mitigate tax avoidance and evasion, making tax administration simple and easy with taxpayers able to file tax returns anywhere anytime with more efficient and effective administrative How to cite this paper:

OALib

Critics of foreign aid programs have long argued that poverty reflects government failure. In thi... more Critics of foreign aid programs have long argued that poverty reflects government failure. In this paper, I test predictions for aid effectiveness based on an analytical framework that relates aid effectiveness to political regimes. Based on a systematic review of the impact of aid on both state capacity for, and elite commitment to sustainable development, this article concludes that a better understanding of the impact of aid has the potential to directly inform practices of international development. This requires better empirical insight into how donors interact with formal and informal institutions in Sierra Leone. Furthermore, it is critical to see aid as part of a spectrum of international exchange, rather than in isolation. This implies a significant research agenda, combining quantitative and in-depth qualitative analysis, as there are barriers to more informed political analysis to inform practice, and little analysis exists of how donors, even where they do start adopting a political perspective, do influence local institutions and the people they work with.

OALib

This research focused on the Study of Causes and Effects of Cost Categorisation on Environmental ... more This research focused on the Study of Causes and Effects of Cost Categorisation on Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) at Sierra Mineral Holdings Limited in Sierra Leone. Specifically, this study serves as a continuation of the previous article on environmental management accounting. It focused on the present environmental cost paid to produce environmental reports, developing a compliance strategy, and also taking a critical look at the use of knowledge management systems in environmental management accounting. The study made use of probabilistic sampling and uses a research design that caters to both primary and secondary data. The researcher made use of descriptive design surveys, and in addition, conducted interviews to obtain the required data for the research. This piece of work used business models like Ishikawa Model also known as the Fishbone diagram to analyze and interpret data. The findings of this study revealed that there is high compliance from Sierra Mineral Holdings Limited with payment on costs to produce environmental reports. The study developed an imaginary cause, and effects and came up with possible solutions to build a compliance strategy for Sierra Mineral Holdings Limited as they do not have an internal audit department. This study also discusses how a Knowledge management system will improve performance in an organization.

OALib

This study gives an assessment of the effectiveness of Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) ... more This study gives an assessment of the effectiveness of Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) at Sierra Mineral Holdings Limited in Sierra Leone. Specifically, this study focuses on the present environmental management accounting practices that have been adopted by the management and how risk is being assessed. The study made use of probabilistic sampling and uses a research design that caters to both primary and secondary data. The study made use of the mixed methods techniques that were derived from a research paradigm & strategies of inquiry that were adopted by the researcher, and these however justified the research approach. The study adopted the use of descriptive design surveys using well-structured questionnaires and conducted personal interviews to obtain information. This piece of work used mathematical models like Benford's Law and the KNIME Analytics Platform software to analyze and interpret data. The findings of this study revealed that there is a high awareness of environmental management accounting for the various cost categories and in the assessment of environmental risk in Sierra Leone as a developing country. The study uses an imaginary company's income statement to explain the conventional cost as it clearly shows how environmental costs are captured in the notes of the financial statements but then lose their identity in overheads which will prevent management from making informed decisions. Based on the findings of this study, it is prudent that organizations put modalities in place for effective management of environmental management accounting principles.

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

Best New African Poets 2021 Anthology

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2021

Safety and long-term immunogenicity of the two-dose heterologous Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo Ebola... more Safety and long-term immunogenicity of the two-dose heterologous Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccine regimen in adults in Sierra Leone: a combined open-label, non-randomised stage 1, and a randomised, double-blind, controlled stage 2 trial. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 22 (1). pp. 97-109.

Clinical Kidney Journal, 2020

Background End-stage renal disease yields susceptibility to both ischemia and bleeding. The optim... more Background End-stage renal disease yields susceptibility to both ischemia and bleeding. The optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation is not established in dialysis patients, who are usually excluded from randomized studies. Since recent studies implied the benefits of prolonged DAPT >12 months in chronic kidney disease, we investigated the effectiveness and safety of prolonged DAPT in dialysis patients with higher cardiovascular risks. Methods In this nationwide population-based study, we analyzed dialysis patients who underwent DES implantation from 2008 to 2015. Continued DAPT was compared with discontinued DAPT using landmark analyses, including free-of-event participants at 12 (n = 2246), 15 (n = 1925) and 18 months (n = 1692) after DES implantation. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs): a composite of mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization and stroke. Major b...

Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research, 2016

Background: Many people who lack reliable access to a quality and safe drinking water source in o... more Background: Many people who lack reliable access to a quality and safe drinking water source in or near the home rely on commercial drinking water products, such as machine-filled sachet water, that may be of variable quality. Methods: A participatory geographic information system was used in conjunction with distribution point and vendor census in the study area to identify a total of 36 water sources across Bo city that are used for commercial water production. These include 6 water sources and the production facilities for 10 brands of machine-filled factory-produced water sachets as well as the 10 sources and finished samples for 10hand-tied plastic-bagged water producers. Water samples from all 16 water sources and 20 commercial water products purchased from randomly-selected retail outlets and street vendors were tested for microbiological and physicochemical properties. Workers at all of these facilities were also interviewed about their knowledge and practices. Results: All of the machine-filled sachet waters were free of microbial contamination, but several of the handtied water sachets, all filled from unlined local wells, and had coliform bacteria. Both machine-filled sachet water and hand-tied sachet water had pH levels that were below the World Health Organization's recommended range. Water with acidic pH can cause corrosion of the metal pipes used with wells and can release those potentially harmful minerals into drinking water. Water factory workers used a variety of water treatment methods to purify their products; hand-tied sachets generally used only cloth filters to purify the water, and often stored water in open containers. Conclusions: Improved quality of commercial water products would improve health in Sierra Leone.

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2016

In 2012, the government of Sierra Leone cut the national budget allocation to the health sector. ... more In 2012, the government of Sierra Leone cut the national budget allocation to the health sector. Civil society organizations planned a nationwide health budget advocacy campaign, coinciding with the 2012 general elections, to hold future leaders to account on financing for women's and children's health. As part of the campaign, Evidence for Action produced district health budget tracking scorecards. The scorecards presented Ministry of Finance data on the allocation and disbursement of health funds in each district. The data were communicated using simple, non‐technical language so that citizens could understand the key messages and take action. A total of 5600 scorecards were shared at district electoral forums attended by political candidates, community members, and health activists. Since the election, the proportion of the total government budget allocated to health increased from 7.4% in 2012 to 11.2% in 2014. However, transforming politicians’ commitments and pledges i...

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2020

BACKGROUND To address the unmet medical need for an effective prophylactic vaccine against Ebola ... more BACKGROUND To address the unmet medical need for an effective prophylactic vaccine against Ebola virus we assessed the safety and immunogenicity of three different two-dose heterologous vaccination regimens with a replication-deficient adenovirus type 26 vector-based vaccine (Ad26.ZEBOV), expressing Zaire Ebola virus glycoprotein, and a non-replicating, recombinant, modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vector-based vaccine, encoding glycoproteins from Zaire Ebola virus, Sudan virus, and Marburg virus, and nucleoprotein from the Tai Forest virus. METHODS This randomised, observer-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial was done at seven hospitals in France and two research centres in the UK. Healthy adults (aged 18-65 years) with no history of Ebola vaccination were enrolled into four cohorts. Participants in cohorts I-III were randomly assigned (1:1:1) using computer-generated randomisation codes into three parallel groups (randomisation for cohorts II and III was stratified by country and age), in which participants were to receive an intramuscular injection of Ad26.ZEBOV on day 1, followed by intramuscular injection of MVA-BN-Filo at either 28 days (28-day interval group), 56 days (56-day interval group), or 84 days (84-day interval group) after the first vaccine. Within these three groups, participants in cohort II (14:1) and cohort III (10:3) were further randomly assigned to receive either Ad26.ZEBOV or placebo on day 1, followed by either MVA-BN-Filo or placebo on days 28, 56, or 84. Participants in cohort IV were randomly assigned (5:1) to receive one dose of either Ad26.ZEBOV or placebo on day 1 for vector shedding assessments. For cohorts II and III, study site personnel, sponsor personnel, and participants were masked to vaccine allocation until all participants in these cohorts had completed the post-MVA-BN-Filo vaccination visit at 6 months or had discontinued the trial, whereas cohort I was open-label. For cohort IV, study site personnel and participants were masked to vaccine allocation until all participants in this cohort had completed the post-vaccination visit at 28 days or had discontinued the trial. The primary outcome, analysed in all participants who had received at least one dose of vaccine or placebo (full analysis set), was the safety and tolerability of the three vaccination regimens, as assessed by participant-reported solicited local and systemic adverse events within 7 days of receiving both vaccines, unsolicited adverse events within 42 days of receiving the MVA-BN-Filo vaccine, and serious adverse events over 365 days of follow-up. The secondary outcome was humoral immunogenicity, as measured by the concentration of Ebola virus glycoprotein-binding antibodies at 21 days after receiving the MVA-BN-Filo vaccine. The secondary outcome was assessed in the per-protocol analysis set. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02416453, and EudraCT, 2015-000596-27. FINDINGS Between June 23, 2015, and April 27, 2016, 423 participants were enrolled: 408 in cohorts I-III were randomly assigned to the 28-day interval group (123 to receive Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo, and 13 to receive placebo), the 56-day interval group (124 to receive Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo, and 13 to receive placebo), and the 84-day interval group (117 to receive Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo, and 18 to receive placebo), and 15 participants in cohort IV were assigned to receive Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo (n=13) or to receive placebo (n=2). 421 (99·5%) participants received at least one dose of vaccine or placebo. The trial was temporarily suspended after two serious neurological adverse events were reported, one of which was considered as possibly related to vaccination, and per-protocol vaccination was disrupted for some participants. Vaccinations were generally well tolerated. Mild or moderate local adverse events (mostly pain) were reported after 206 (62%) of 332 Ad26.ZEBOV vaccinations, 136 (58%) of 236 MVA-BN-Filo vaccinations, and 11 (15%) of 72 placebo injections. Systemic adverse events were reported after 255 (77%) Ad26.ZEBOV vaccinations, 116 (49%) MVA-BN-Filo vaccinations, and 33 (46%) placebo injections, and included mostly mild or moderate fatigue, headache, or myalgia. Unsolicited adverse events occurred after 115 (35%) of 332 Ad26.ZEBOV vaccinations, 81 (34%) of 236 MVA-BN-Filo vaccinations, and 24 (33%) of 72 placebo injections. At 21 days after receiving the MVA-BN-Filo vaccine, geometric mean concentrations of Ebola virus glycoprotein-binding antibodies were 4627 ELISA units (EU)/mL (95% CI 3649-5867) in the 28-day interval group, 10 131 EU/mL (8554-11 999) in the 56-day interval group, and 11 312 mL (9072-14106) in the 84-day interval group, with antibody concentrations persisting at 1149-1205 EU/mL up to day 365. INTERPRETATION The two-dose heterologous regimen with Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo was safe, well tolerated, and immunogenic, with humoral and cellular immune responses persisting for 1…