Adam Finnefrock - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Adam Finnefrock

Journal de physique, Dec 1, 1999

ABSTRACT Using time-resolved high-resolution x-ray scattering techniques, we have measured the ev... more ABSTRACT Using time-resolved high-resolution x-ray scattering techniques, we have measured the evolution of the structure of the Q1 charge-density wave in NbSe3 as it relaxes after an applied electric field is turned off. Measurements were made at temperatures between 70 and 120 K and at applied field strengths up to 40x the threshold for sliding. These time-dependent structural data are accurately described by dynamic scaling theory. For threshold field strengths less than the threshold to sliding, the value of the dynamic scaling exponent µ is consistent with the value predicted by assuming that the CDW is an elastic medium. However, for field strengths greater than threshold, µ is significantly smaller, indicating that phase-slip (amplitude fluctuations) is (are) necessary for a correct physical description.

University of Pennsylvania Press, Inc. eBooks, Feb 14, 2023

arXiv: Materials Science, 2019

A major motivation for the scientific study of artworks is to understand their states of preserva... more A major motivation for the scientific study of artworks is to understand their states of preservation and ongoing degradation mechanisms. This enables preservation strategies to be developed for irreplaceable works. Intensely-hued cadmium sulphide (CdS) yellow pigments are of particular interest because these are key to the palettes of many important late 19th and early 20th century masters, including Vincent Van Gogh, Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, and Edvard Munch. As these paintings age, their cadmium yellow paints are undergoing severe fading, flaking, and discolouration. These effects are associated with photodegradation, the light-facilitated reactions of CdS with oxygen, moisture, and even the paint binding medium. The use of common optical and X-ray methods to characterize the physical state of the pigment is challenging due to the mixing of the various components of the paint at length scales smaller than their resolution. Here, we present an atomic-scale structural and chem...

Journal of Immunology, May 1, 2012

Human cytogemalovirus (HCMV) causes wide-spread infection in adult human populations. Although no... more Human cytogemalovirus (HCMV) causes wide-spread infection in adult human populations. Although no symptoms observed in healthy persons, HCMV infection can cause severe and even life-threatening diseases in immune-compromised individuals. There are lines of evidence that humoral immunity can provide protection against HCMV infection. We have tested several versions of HCMV vaccines based on laboratory strain AD169 with its epithelial tropism restored in rhesus macaques. Vaccines were administered intramuscularly three times. In comparison, recombinant HCMV gB protein vaccine, which showed marginal protections in previous clinical trial, was given with adjuvant MF59. To facilitate the evaluation of these vaccines, we have developed a novel micro-neutralization assay based on the detection of a dominant HCMV antigen expressed in ARPE19 cells, using near infrared dye-labeled immune reagents, to measure HCMV neutralizing activities in serum samples of vaccinated monkeys. Our results showed that AD169 revertant vaccines induced much stronger neutralizing activities than recombinant gB vaccine in rhesus monkeys. The addition of ISCOMATRIX adjuvant (CSL, Ltd) in the vaccine formulation further enhanced its immunogenicity. There were significant boost effects after the second injection, while the third injection did not increase the neutralizing titers above those obtained post the second vaccination.

Journal of Immunological Methods, Feb 1, 2013

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, Aug 1, 2009

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, Apr 1, 2014

Human antibodies, Dec 15, 2010

APS, Mar 1, 1998

ABSTRACT We have studied phin situ the ordering of a two-dimensional CuCl crystal electrodeposite... more ABSTRACT We have studied phin situ the ordering of a two-dimensional CuCl crystal electrodeposited on a Pt(111) surface. We simultaneously measured high-resolution time-resolved x-ray scattering and chronoamperometric transients. Both measurements were synchronized with the leading edge of an applied potential step which stimulated the desorption of Cu and subsequent ordering of the CuCl crystal. In all cases, the current transient occurs on a shorter time-scale than the development of crystalline order. The scattered x-ray intensity data (2 × 10^4 data points) vs. time and transverse momentum transfer can be fit to an Avrami-like function with only three parameters. By performing a series of voltage-step experiments, we demonstrate that the ordering time diverges with applied potential phi as tau ~ exp [ 1 / (phi - phi_0) ], consistent with the nucleation and growth of two-dimensional clusters. Monitoring the time-dependent widths of the x-ray peak, we see a narrowing corresponding to the growing clusters. Further information is available at http://www.msc.cornell.edu/ adam

Cultural heritage science, 2022

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Jan 17, 2013

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can cause serious morbidity/mortality in transplant patients, and co... more Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can cause serious morbidity/mortality in transplant patients, and congenital HCMV infection can lead to birth defects. Developing an effective HCMV vaccine is a high medical priority. One of the challenges to the efforts has been our limited understanding of the viral antigens important for protective antibodies. Receptor-mediated viral entry to endothelial/epithelial cells requires a glycoprotein H (gH) complex comprising five viral proteins (gH, gL, UL128, UL130, and UL131). This gH complex is notably missing from HCMV laboratory strains as well as HCMV vaccines previously evaluated in the clinic. To support a unique vaccine concept based on the pentameric gH complex, we established a panel of 45 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from a rabbit immunized with an experimental vaccine virus in which the expression of the pentameric gH complex was restored. Over one-half (25 of 45) of the mAbs have neutralizing activity. Interestingly, affinity for an antibody ...

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 2014

ABSTRACTHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological agent for all cervical cancers, a significa... more ABSTRACTHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological agent for all cervical cancers, a significant number of other anogenital cancers, and a growing number of head and neck cancers. Two licensed vaccines offer protection against the most prevalent oncogenic types, 16 and 18, responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases worldwide and one of these also offers protection against types 6 and 11, responsible for 90% of genital warts. The vaccines are comprised of recombinantly expressed major capsid proteins that self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) and prevent infection by eliciting neutralizing antibodies. Adding the other frequently identified oncogenic types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 to a vaccine would increase the coverage against HPV-induced cancers to approximately 90%. We describe the generation and characterization of panels of monoclonal antibodies to these five additional oncogenic HPV types, and the selection of antibody pairs that were high affinity and...

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2001

Human Antibodies, 2010

A fully human monoclonal antibody (CS-D7, IgG1) specific for the iron regulated surface determina... more A fully human monoclonal antibody (CS-D7, IgG1) specific for the iron regulated surface determinant B (IsdB) of Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the Cambridge Antibody Technology (CAT) scFv antibody library. As compared to previously described IsdB specific murine monoclonals, CS-D7 has a unique, non-overlapping binding site on IsdB, and exhibits increased in vivo activity. The antibody recognizes a conformational epitope spanning amino acids 50 to 285 and has a binding affinity of 340 (± 75) pM for IsdB. CS-D7 bound to a wide variety of S. aureus strains, but not to an isdB deletion mutant. The antibody mediated opsonophagocytic (OP) killing in vitro and mediated significant protection in vivo. In a murine lethal sepsis model, the antibody conferred protection from death when dosed prior to challenge, but not when dosed after challenge. Importantly, in a central venous catheter (CVC) model in rats, the antibody reduced bacteremia and prevented colonization of indwelling catheters. Protection was observed when rats were dosed with CS-D7 prior to challenge as well as post challenge. IsdB is currently being investigated for clinical efficacy against S. aureus infection, and the activity of this human IsdB specific antibody supplements the growing body of evidence to support targeting this antigen for vaccine development.

T cell directed HIV vaccines are based upon the induction of CD8+ T cell memory responses that wo... more T cell directed HIV vaccines are based upon the induction of CD8+ T cell memory responses that would be effective in inhibiting infection and subsequent replication of an infecting HIV-1 strain, a process that requires a match or near-match between the epitope induced by vaccination and the infecting viral strain. We compared the frequency and specificity of the CTL epitope responses elicited by the replication-defective Ad5 gag/pol/nef vaccine used in the Step trial with the likelihood of encountering those epitopes among recently sequenced Clade B isolates of HIV-1. Among vaccinees with detectable 15-mer peptide pool ELISpot responses, there was a median of four (one Gag, one Nef and two Pol) CD8 epitopes per vaccinee detected by 9-mer peptide ELISpot assay. Importantly, frequency analysis of the mapped epitopes indicated that there was a significant skewing of the T cell response; variable epitopes were detected more frequently than would be expected from an unbiased sampling of ...

ABSTRACT Using high-resolution x-ray scattering techniques we have measured the transverse struct... more ABSTRACT Using high-resolution x-ray scattering techniques we have measured the transverse structure of the sliding charge-density wave (CDW) in NbSe3. For temperatures between 70 K and 120 K and for applied currents up to 40x the threshold current for sliding, the scattering peak for the sliding CDW is significantly broader than that for the pinned CDW, indicating that the sliding state is less correlated than the pinned state. Using scaling analysis, we show that the CDW phase roughness exponent α rises from 0.60 ± 0.10 in the pinned state to 0.80 ± 0.10 in the sliding state.

The prophylactic efficacy of DNA and replication-incompetent adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vaccine ... more The prophylactic efficacy of DNA and replication-incompetent adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vaccine vectors expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag was examined in rhesus macaques using an SIVmac239 challenge. Cohorts of either Mamu-A*01(�) or Mamu-A*01(�) macaques were immunized with a DNA prime-Ad5 boost regimen; for comparison, a third cohort consisting of Mamu-A*01(�) monkeys was immunized using the Ad5 vector alone for both prime and boost. All animals, along with unvaccinated control cohorts of Mamu-A*01(�) and Mamu-A*01(�) macaques, were challenged intrarectally with SIVmac239. Viral loads were measured in both peripheral and lymphoid compartments. Only the DNA prime-Ad5-boosted Mamu-A*01(�) cohort exhibited a notable reduction in peak plasma viral load (sevenfold) as well as in early set-point viral burdens in both plasma and lymphoid tissues (10-fold) relative to those observed in the control monkeys sharing the same Mamu-A*01 allele. The degree of control in each a...