Adam McInnes - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Adam McInnes

The abstract of this item is unavailable due to an embargo

Detailed microearthquake surveys were conducted in four geothermal areas of Taiwan, namely, Tatun... more Detailed microearthquake surveys were conducted in four geothermal areas of Taiwan, namely, Tatun volcanic region, Chingshui-Tuchang geothermal area, Lushan hot spring area, and Hungyeh hot spring area, during the past few years. It was found that most of them have microearthquake activity. Based on the microearthquake data, fracture zones permitting deep circulation of water are inferred. Microearthquakes in the

Applied Sciences, 2018

Three-dimensional (3D) bioplotting has been widely used to print hydrogel scaffolds for tissue en... more Three-dimensional (3D) bioplotting has been widely used to print hydrogel scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. One issue involved in 3D bioplotting is to achieve the scaffold structure with the desired mechanical properties. To overcome this issue, various numerical methods have been developed to predict the mechanical properties of scaffolds, but limited by the imperfect representation of one key feature of scaffolds fabricated by 3D bioplotting, i.e., the penetration or fusion of strands in one layer into the previous layer. This paper presents our study on the development of a novel numerical model to predict the elastic modulus (one important index of mechanical properties) of 3D bioplotted scaffolds considering the aforementioned strand penetration. For this, the finite element method was used for the model development, while medium-viscosity alginate was selected for scaffold fabrication by the 3D bioplotting technique. The elastic modulus of the bioplotted scaffolds...

Bioprinting, 2019

Peripheral nerve tissue requires appropriate biochemical and physical cues to guide the regenerat... more Peripheral nerve tissue requires appropriate biochemical and physical cues to guide the regeneration process after injury. Bioprinted peptide-conjugated sodium alginate (PCSA) scaffolds have the potential to provide physical and biochemical cues simultaneously. Such scaffolds need characterisation in terms of printability, mechanical stability, and biological performance to refine and improve application in nerve tissue regeneration. In this study, it was hypothesized that 3D scaffold printed with low concentrated multiple PCSA precursor would be supportive for axon outgrowth. Therefore, a 2% (w/v) alginate precursor was conjugated with either arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) or tyrosine-isoleucine-glycine-serine-arginine (YIGSR) peptides, or a mixture of RGD and YIGSR (1:2) and was bioprinted in this study. The printability of the composite PCSA scaffolds was tested in three different concentrations of crosslinker (i.e. 50, 100, and 150 mM of CaCl 2), and was evaluated by measuring strand width, pore geometry, and angle-formation accuracy. Swelling, degradation, and compression experiments were conducted over a 3 week period to evaluate the mechanical stability of the composite PCSA scaffolds. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images were taken to study the surface morphology of the degraded scaffolds. Biological performance was assessed both for single and composite PCSA scaffolds by quantifying the viability and morphology of seeded or incorporated Schwann cells (SCs), amount of secreted brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by incorporated SCs, and directional neurite outgrowth of neuron cells in a 2D culture. Experimental results suggest that 30 kPa extrusion pressure and 18 mm/s needle speed are

Progress in neurobiology, Jan 2, 2018

Injuries to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) cause neuropathies that lead to weakness and para... more Injuries to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) cause neuropathies that lead to weakness and paralysis, poor or absent sensation, unpleasant and painful neuropathies, and impaired autonomic function. In this regard, implanted artificial nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) used to bridge an injured site may provide appropriate biochemical and biophysical guidance cues required to stimulate regeneration across a nerve gap and restore the function of PNS. Advanced conduit design and fabrication techniques have made it possible to fabricate autograft-like structures in the NGCs with incredible precision. To this end, strategies involving the use of biopolymers, cells, growth factors, and physical stimuli have been developed over the past decades and have led to the development of varying NGCs, from simple hollow tubes to complex conduits that incorporate one or more guidance cues. This paper briefly reviews the recent progress in the development of these NGCs for nerve regeneration, focusing...

Biotechnology journal, Jan 3, 2018

Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have been drawing considerable attention as an aid to promote rege... more Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have been drawing considerable attention as an aid to promote regeneration of injured axons across damaged peripheral nerves. Ideally, NGCs should include physical and topographic axon guidance cues embedded as part of their composition. Over the past decades, much progress has been made in the development of NGCs that promote directional axonal regrowth so as to repair severed nerves. This paper briefly reviews the recent designs and fabrication techniques of NGCs for peripheral nerve regeneration. Studies associated with versatile design and preparation of NGCs fabricated with either conventional or rapid prototyping (RP) techniques have been examined and reviewed. The effect of topographic features of the filler material as well as porous structure of NGCs on axonal regeneration has also been examined from the previous studies. While such strategies as macroscale channels, lumen size, groove geometry, use of hydrogel/matrix, and unidirectional freez...

Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2012

Background: Physcomitrella PpORS is an ancient member of the plant type III polyketide synthase (... more Background: Physcomitrella PpORS is an ancient member of the plant type III polyketide synthase (PKS) family. Results: PpORS, produced in nonprotonemal moss cells, synthesizes pentaketide 2Ј-oxoalkylresorcinols using a unique substrate binding site. Conclusion: PpORS is a novel very long chain 2Ј-oxoalkylresorcinol synthase. Significance: This is the first step toward understanding the co-evolution of the type III PKS family and land plants. * This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canada, Discovery Grant (to D.-Y. S.). □ S This article contains supplemental Table S1 and Figs. S1-S6.

The abstract of this item is unavailable due to an embargo

Detailed microearthquake surveys were conducted in four geothermal areas of Taiwan, namely, Tatun... more Detailed microearthquake surveys were conducted in four geothermal areas of Taiwan, namely, Tatun volcanic region, Chingshui-Tuchang geothermal area, Lushan hot spring area, and Hungyeh hot spring area, during the past few years. It was found that most of them have microearthquake activity. Based on the microearthquake data, fracture zones permitting deep circulation of water are inferred. Microearthquakes in the

Applied Sciences, 2018

Three-dimensional (3D) bioplotting has been widely used to print hydrogel scaffolds for tissue en... more Three-dimensional (3D) bioplotting has been widely used to print hydrogel scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. One issue involved in 3D bioplotting is to achieve the scaffold structure with the desired mechanical properties. To overcome this issue, various numerical methods have been developed to predict the mechanical properties of scaffolds, but limited by the imperfect representation of one key feature of scaffolds fabricated by 3D bioplotting, i.e., the penetration or fusion of strands in one layer into the previous layer. This paper presents our study on the development of a novel numerical model to predict the elastic modulus (one important index of mechanical properties) of 3D bioplotted scaffolds considering the aforementioned strand penetration. For this, the finite element method was used for the model development, while medium-viscosity alginate was selected for scaffold fabrication by the 3D bioplotting technique. The elastic modulus of the bioplotted scaffolds...

Bioprinting, 2019

Peripheral nerve tissue requires appropriate biochemical and physical cues to guide the regenerat... more Peripheral nerve tissue requires appropriate biochemical and physical cues to guide the regeneration process after injury. Bioprinted peptide-conjugated sodium alginate (PCSA) scaffolds have the potential to provide physical and biochemical cues simultaneously. Such scaffolds need characterisation in terms of printability, mechanical stability, and biological performance to refine and improve application in nerve tissue regeneration. In this study, it was hypothesized that 3D scaffold printed with low concentrated multiple PCSA precursor would be supportive for axon outgrowth. Therefore, a 2% (w/v) alginate precursor was conjugated with either arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) or tyrosine-isoleucine-glycine-serine-arginine (YIGSR) peptides, or a mixture of RGD and YIGSR (1:2) and was bioprinted in this study. The printability of the composite PCSA scaffolds was tested in three different concentrations of crosslinker (i.e. 50, 100, and 150 mM of CaCl 2), and was evaluated by measuring strand width, pore geometry, and angle-formation accuracy. Swelling, degradation, and compression experiments were conducted over a 3 week period to evaluate the mechanical stability of the composite PCSA scaffolds. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images were taken to study the surface morphology of the degraded scaffolds. Biological performance was assessed both for single and composite PCSA scaffolds by quantifying the viability and morphology of seeded or incorporated Schwann cells (SCs), amount of secreted brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by incorporated SCs, and directional neurite outgrowth of neuron cells in a 2D culture. Experimental results suggest that 30 kPa extrusion pressure and 18 mm/s needle speed are

Progress in neurobiology, Jan 2, 2018

Injuries to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) cause neuropathies that lead to weakness and para... more Injuries to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) cause neuropathies that lead to weakness and paralysis, poor or absent sensation, unpleasant and painful neuropathies, and impaired autonomic function. In this regard, implanted artificial nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) used to bridge an injured site may provide appropriate biochemical and biophysical guidance cues required to stimulate regeneration across a nerve gap and restore the function of PNS. Advanced conduit design and fabrication techniques have made it possible to fabricate autograft-like structures in the NGCs with incredible precision. To this end, strategies involving the use of biopolymers, cells, growth factors, and physical stimuli have been developed over the past decades and have led to the development of varying NGCs, from simple hollow tubes to complex conduits that incorporate one or more guidance cues. This paper briefly reviews the recent progress in the development of these NGCs for nerve regeneration, focusing...

Biotechnology journal, Jan 3, 2018

Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have been drawing considerable attention as an aid to promote rege... more Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have been drawing considerable attention as an aid to promote regeneration of injured axons across damaged peripheral nerves. Ideally, NGCs should include physical and topographic axon guidance cues embedded as part of their composition. Over the past decades, much progress has been made in the development of NGCs that promote directional axonal regrowth so as to repair severed nerves. This paper briefly reviews the recent designs and fabrication techniques of NGCs for peripheral nerve regeneration. Studies associated with versatile design and preparation of NGCs fabricated with either conventional or rapid prototyping (RP) techniques have been examined and reviewed. The effect of topographic features of the filler material as well as porous structure of NGCs on axonal regeneration has also been examined from the previous studies. While such strategies as macroscale channels, lumen size, groove geometry, use of hydrogel/matrix, and unidirectional freez...

Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2012

Background: Physcomitrella PpORS is an ancient member of the plant type III polyketide synthase (... more Background: Physcomitrella PpORS is an ancient member of the plant type III polyketide synthase (PKS) family. Results: PpORS, produced in nonprotonemal moss cells, synthesizes pentaketide 2Ј-oxoalkylresorcinols using a unique substrate binding site. Conclusion: PpORS is a novel very long chain 2Ј-oxoalkylresorcinol synthase. Significance: This is the first step toward understanding the co-evolution of the type III PKS family and land plants. * This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canada, Discovery Grant (to D.-Y. S.). □ S This article contains supplemental Table S1 and Figs. S1-S6.