Adam Wentworth - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Adam Wentworth

PubMed, Aug 1, 2023

Transient molecules in the gastrointestinal tract such as nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide are k... more Transient molecules in the gastrointestinal tract such as nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide are key signals and mediators of inflammation. Owing to their highly reactive nature and extremely short lifetime in the body, these molecules are difficult to detect. Here we develop a miniaturized device that integrates genetically engineered probiotic biosensors with a custom-designed photodetector and readout chip to track these molecules in the gastrointestinal tract. Leveraging the molecular specificity of living sensors1, we genetically encoded bacteria to respond to inflammation-associated molecules by producing luminescence. Low-power electronic readout circuits2 integrated into the device convert the light emitted by the encapsulated bacteria to a wireless signal. We demonstrate in vivo biosensor monitoring in the gastrointestinal tract of small and large animal models and the integration of all components into a sub-1.4 cm3 form factor that is compatible with ingestion and capable of supporting wireless communication. With this device, diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease could be diagnosed earlier than is currently possible, and disease progression could be more accurately tracked. The wireless detection of short-lived, disease-associated molecules with our device could also support timely communication between patients and caregivers, as well as remote personalized care.

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Jun 30, 2023

Annals of Thoracic Surgery Short Reports

Neuroimaging Clinics of North America

Medical Imaging 2022: Imaging Informatics for Healthcare, Research, and Applications

ABSTRACTTransient molecules in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, such as nitric oxide and hydrogen... more ABSTRACTTransient molecules in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, such as nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide, are key signals and mediators of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Because these molecules are extremely short-lived in the body, they are difficult to detect. To track these reactive molecules in the GI tract, we have developed a miniaturized device that integrates genetically-engineered probiotic biosensors with a custom-designed photodetector and readout chip. Leveraging the molecular specificity of living sensors, we genetically encoded bacteria to respond to IBD-associated molecules by luminescing. Low-power electronic readout circuits (nanowatt power) integrated into the device convert the light from just 1 μL of bacterial culture into a wireless signal. We demonstrate biosensor monitoring in the GI tract of small and large animal models and integration of all components into a sub-1.4 cm3 ingestible form factor capable of supporting wireless communication. The wireless d...

Purpose-This paper's purpose is to illustrate new techniques in developing low-cost prostheses us... more Purpose-This paper's purpose is to illustrate new techniques in developing low-cost prostheses using additive manufacturing. Approach-Inexpensive consumer-grade fused deposition modeling machines are used to reduce manufacturing and customization costs. Flexible thermoplastics are employed for moving components to simplify the assembly process and reduce the chance for malfunction. All parts are modeled parametrically to streamline the customization workflow. Findings-An accurate and robust prosthesis was developed utilizing fused deposition modeling and lowcost hobbyist electronics. Parts are easily replaceable and customizable at a fraction of the cost of the current industry standard. Components are easily self-contained and non-restrictive. Research Limitations-The application of this technology is dependent on the size and strength of the amputee's remaining forearm. The elbow must be able to articulate with the added weight of the device attached. Practical Implications-This paper illustrates in what way this technology works and how it can be used to develop an actual prosthesis. Originality-This article shows the first example of a self-contained electromyography-based prosthetic hand prototype using additive manufacturing at a low price point. This has tremendous implications for the future of the prosthetic industry, allowing amputees to replace broken parts or create their own device themselves at home at a fraction of the cost of traditional devices.

Science Advances, 2021

A mobile app–controlled implantable system enables chronotherapy by controlling the timing of dru... more A mobile app–controlled implantable system enables chronotherapy by controlling the timing of drug administration.

Journal of Controlled Release, 2022

Glycemic control through titration of insulin dosing remains the mainstay of diabetes mellitus tr... more Glycemic control through titration of insulin dosing remains the mainstay of diabetes mellitus treatment. Insulin therapy is generally divided into dosing with long- and short-acting insulin, where long-acting insulin provides basal coverage and short-acting insulin supports glycemic excursions associated with eating. The dosing of short-acting insulin often involves several steps for the user including blood glucose measurement and integration of potential carbohydrate loads to inform safe and appropriate dosing. The significant burden placed on the user for blood glucose measurement and effective carbohydrate counting can manifest in substantial effects on adherence. Through the application of computer vision, we have developed a smartphone-based system that is able to detect the carbohydrate load of food by simply taking a single image of the food and converting that information into a required insulin dose by incorporating a blood glucose measurement. Moreover, we report the development of comprehensive all-in-one insulin delivery systems that streamline all operations that peripheral devices require for safe insulin administration, which in turn significantly reduces the complexity and time required for titration of insulin. The development of an autonomous system that supports maximum ease and accuracy of insulin dosing will transform our ability to more effectively support patients with diabetes.

JAMA Network Open

IMPORTANCE Adoption of mask wearing in response to the COVID-19 pandemic alters daily communicati... more IMPORTANCE Adoption of mask wearing in response to the COVID-19 pandemic alters daily communication. OBJECTIVE To assess communication barriers associated with mask wearing in patient-clinician interactions and individuals who are deaf and hard of hearing. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This pilot cross-sectional survey study included the general population, health care workers, and health care workers who are deaf or hard of hearing in the United States. Volunteers were sampled via an opt-in survey panel and nonrandomized convenience sampling. The general population survey was conducted between January 5 and January 8, 2021. The health care worker surveys were conducted between December 3, 2020, and January 3, 2021. Respondents viewed 2 short videos of a study author wearing both a standard and transparent N95 mask and answered questions regarding mask use, communication, preference, and fit. Surveys took 15 to 20 minutes to complete. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Participants' perceptions were assessed surrounding the use of both mask types related to communication and the ability to express emotions. RESULTS The national survey consisted of 1000 participants (mean [SD] age, 48.7 [18.5] years; 496 [49.6%] women) with a response rate of 92.25%. The survey of general health care workers consisted of 123 participants (mean [SD] age, 49.5 [9.0] years; 84 [68.3%] women), with a response rate of 11.14%. The survey of health care workers who are deaf or hard of hearing consisted of 45 participants (mean [SD] age, 54.5 [9.0] years; 30 [66.7%] women) with a response rate of 23.95%. After viewing a video demonstrating a study author wearing a transparent N95 mask, 781 (78.1%) in the general population, 109 general health care workers (88.6%), and 38 health care workers who are deaf or hard of hearing (84.4%) were able to identify the emotion being expressed, in contrast with 201 (20.1%), 25 (20.5%), and 11 (24.4%) for the standard opaque N95 mask. In the general population, 450 (45.0%) felt positively about interacting with a health care worker wearing a transparent mask; 76 general health care workers (61.8%) and 37 health care workers who are deaf or hard of hearing (82.2%) felt positively about wearing a transparent mask to communicate with patients. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this study suggest that transparent masks could help improve communication during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly for individuals who are deaf and hard of hearing.

Science Advances

We developed a dynamic omnidirectional adhesive microneedle system that improves the oral deliver... more We developed a dynamic omnidirectional adhesive microneedle system that improves the oral delivery of macromolecules.

Advanced Science, 2021

Cancer patients undergoing therapeutic radiation routinely develop injury of the adjacent gastroi... more Cancer patients undergoing therapeutic radiation routinely develop injury of the adjacent gastrointestinal (GI) tract mucosa due to treatment. To reduce radiation dose to critical GI structures including the rectum and oral mucosa, 3D‐printed GI radioprotective devices composed of high‐Z materials are generated from patient CT scans. In a radiation proctitis rat model, a significant reduction in crypt injury is demonstrated with the device compared to without (p < 0.0087). Optimal device placement for radiation attenuation is further confirmed in a swine model. Dosimetric modeling in oral cavity cancer patients demonstrates a 30% radiation dose reduction to the normal buccal mucosa and a 15.2% dose reduction in the rectum for prostate cancer patients with the radioprotectant material in place compared to without. Finally, it is found that the rectal radioprotectant device is more cost‐effective compared to a hydrogel rectal spacer. Taken together, these data suggest that personal...

N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFR) and surgical masks are essential in reducing airborne d... more N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFR) and surgical masks are essential in reducing airborne disease transmission, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, currently available FFR’s and masks have major limitations, including masking facial features, waste, and integrity after decontamination. In a multi-institutional trial, we evaluated a transparent, elastomeric, adaptable, long-lasting (TEAL) respirator to evaluate success of qualitative fit test with user experience and biometric evaluation of temperature, respiratory rate, and fit of respirator using a novel sensor. There was a 100% successful fit test among participants, with feedback demonstrating excellent or good fit (90% of participants), breathability (77.5%), and filter exchange (95%). Biometric testing demonstrated significant differences between exhalation and inhalation pressures among a poorly fitting respirator, well-fitting respirator, and the occlusion of one filter of the respirator. We have designe...

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Background Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, given its ... more Background Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, given its increasing antimicrobial resistance. Treatment of oropharyngeal N. gonorrhoeae infections has proven particularly challenging, with most reported treatment failures of the first-line drug ceftriaxone occurring at this site and lower cure rates in recent trials of new antibiotics reported for oropharyngeal infections compared with other sites of infection. However, the accessibility of the oropharynx to topical therapeutics provides an opportunity for intervention. Local delivery of a therapeutic at a high concentration would enable the use of non-traditional antimicrobial candidates, including biological molecules that exploit underlying chemical sensitivities of N. gonorrhoeae but lack the potency or pharmacokinetic profiles required for effective systemic administration. Methods Two classes of molecules that are thought to limit gonococcal viability in vivo, bile acids and short- and m...

There is a dire need for personal protective equipment (PPE) within healthcare settings during th... more There is a dire need for personal protective equipment (PPE) within healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, single use disposable N95 face masks have been limited in supply. We have developed an Injection Molded Autoclavable, Scalable, Conformable (iMASC) system for aerosol-based protection. The iMASC system was designed as a reusable liquid silicone rubber mask with disposable N95 filter cartridges that can fit most face sizes and shapes. This system reduced the amount of N95 filter while preserving breathability and fit. Using finite element analysis, we demonstrated mask deformation and reaction forces from facial scans of twenty different wearers. In addition, we validated these findings by successful fit testing in twenty participants in a prospective clinical trial. The iMASC system has the potential to protect our healthcare workers with a reusable N95-comparable face mask that is rapidly scalable.

BMJ Open

ObjectivesTo compare the impact of respirator extended use and reuse strategies with regard to co... more ObjectivesTo compare the impact of respirator extended use and reuse strategies with regard to cost and sustainability during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignCost analysis.SettingUSA.ParticipantsAll healthcare workers within the USA.InterventionsNot applicable.Main outcome measuresA model was developed to estimate usage, costs and waste incurred by several respirator usage strategies over the first 6 months of the pandemic in the USA. This model assumed universal masking of all healthcare workers. Estimates were taken from the literature, government databases and commercially available data from approved vendors.ResultsA new N95 respirator per patient encounter would require 7.41 billion respirators, cost 6.38billionandgenerate84.0millionkgofwasteintheUSAover6months.Onerespiratorperdayperhealthcareworkerwouldrequire3.29billionrespirators,cost6.38 billion and generate 84.0 million kg of waste in the USA over 6 months. One respirator per day per healthcare worker would require 3.29 billion respirators, cost 6.38billionandgenerate84.0millionkgofwasteintheUSAover6months.Onerespiratorperdayperhealthcareworkerwouldrequire3.29billionrespirators,cost2.83 billion and generate 37.22 million kg of waste. Decontamination by ultraviolet germicidal irradiation would requ...