Adarsh Kumar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Adarsh Kumar

World Journal of AIDS, 2012

Thyroid abnormalities have been reported in persons with HIV infection, although data have been i... more Thyroid abnormalities have been reported in persons with HIV infection, although data have been inconsistent with respect to its frequency and association with specific medications. The purpose of this study was to explore thyroid system response to thyroid releasing hormone stimulation in persons with and without HIV infection and determine the extent to which their response was associated with depression. As part of a larger study of neuroendocrine response persons with HIV-1 infection, control and HIV-1 infected individuals were evaluated. Participants' response to TRH stimulation was evaluated via TSH, total T3, and T4 levels at baseline and 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after TRH stimulation. Participants with HIV infection had a more robust response to TRH stimulation as measured by higher levels of TSH, lower levels of T4 and modestly higher levels of T3. Depressed persons had a reduced TSH response to stimulation and lower levels of both T4 and T3, although the effect of depression on T4 was not statistically significant. These results suggest that TSH response to TRH-stimulation may be exaggerated in individuals with HIV infection but reduced in those with depression. They also suggest that the effects of depression and HIV infection may interact, and may provide a partial explanation for observed thyroid abnormalities in HIV-infected individuals. Results thus provide a partial explanation for findings on thyroid and depression in those affected by HIV infection.

Psychiatry Research, 1994

1. Psychiatry Res. 1994 Jul;53(1):99-101. Platelet serotonin measures in posttraumatic stress dis... more 1. Psychiatry Res. 1994 Jul;53(1):99-101. Platelet serotonin measures in posttraumatic stress disorder. Mellman TA, Kumar AM. PMID: 7991735 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. Publication Types: Research Support, Non-US Gov't; Research Support, US Gov't, Non-PHS. ...

Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 1999

A sensitive and a rapid procedure is described using high performance liquid chromatography combi... more A sensitive and a rapid procedure is described using high performance liquid chromatography combined with electro-chemical detection (HPLC-ECD), for quantification of whole blood biogenic amines and their metabolites. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), its precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTRP), and metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), dopamine (DA) and its metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA), were extracted from an aliquot of whole blood.After precipitation of proteins with

Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 2003

Catecholamines (CATs) neurotransmitters regulate a number of physiological and behavioral functio... more Catecholamines (CATs) neurotransmitters regulate a number of physiological and behavioral functions. These amines are released from the nerve endings and are present in ultramicro quantities in plasma and other body fluids. For meaningful evaluation of their concentration, it is essential that the technology used for their measurement is highly sensitive, efficient, and stable. Among various methods used for their measurement,

Neuropsychobiology, 2001

Reduced level of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in humans has been associated with a numbe... more Reduced level of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in humans has been associated with a number of mental health and behavioral problems including depression, aggression, violence, sexual dysfunctions, sleep and eating disorders. Even though among HIV-1-infected individuals, prevalence of mental health and behavioral problems are common, their relationship with central nervous system serotonin functions is not clearly understood. This investigation was carried out to study the status of CSF 5-HT in HIV-1+ subjects (n = 21), in the early stage of infection, and HIV-1- control subjects (n = 24). Samples of CSF were obtained by lumbar puncture and were analyzed for 5-HT and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), using high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with electrochemical detector. Levels of CSF 5-HT were significantly lower in the HIV-1+ group compared to the HIV-1- group. There was no significant difference in the CSF 5-HIAA levels between the two groups. In both groups, however, there was a significant correlation between CSF 5-HT and 5-HIAA. In the HIV-1 + group, although CSF 5-HT level was significantly negatively correlated with serostatus, there was no correlation between either CSF 5-HT or 5-HIAA levels and CD4 cell number or any behavioral measures evaluated in this study, including Beck&amp;#39;s Depression Inventory and state/trait anxiety scores. These data suggest that HIV-1 infection affects the CNS 5-HT status with no significant association with measures of depression and anxiety, at least in the early stage of infection.

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2002

Several lines of evidence suggest that neuroendocrine abnormalities in general and HPA axis activ... more Several lines of evidence suggest that neuroendocrine abnormalities in general and HPA axis activity in particular occur in both HIV-1 infection and individuals engaging in chronic drug use. For instance, our studies showing attenuated norepinephrine as well as ACTH and cortisol responses to a cold pressor challenge in asymptomatic HIV-1 persons support such a concept. Furthermore, our data on investigations on mirror-star tracing and speech challenges also support the finding that neuroendocrine responses are compromised in HIV-1 infection. Although the mechanisms leading to adverse effects on HPA axis activity in HIV infection are not fully understood, several lines of evidence suggest that a number of mechanisms may be involved, including homologies in molecular structures of various mediators of neuroendocrine activity and HIV-related structures, HIV as a chronic stress model, and virus-induced toxic factors. This article reviews our recent findings in this area and also presents research hypotheses needed for testing and understanding the mechanisms involved in the development of neuroendocrine abnormalities in HIV-1-infected injection drug users.

Biological Psychiatry, 2005

Background: Relations between stress hormones and antisocial behavior are understudied. Methods: ... more Background: Relations between stress hormones and antisocial behavior are understudied. Methods: A subsample (n ϭ 335) of at-risk males recruited in first grade for a longitudinal study were recruited at approximately 16 years of age for a laboratory study, including two psychological challenges: describing their worst experience on videotape, and a task in which a loud tone could be avoided. Measures of affect, urine, and saliva were collected multiple times before and after challenges. Results: Negative affect increased following the worst-event challenge and decreased following the avoidance challenge. Mean conduct problems (CP) across ages 7-17 years were positively related to negative affect and inversely related to positive affect. CP were inversely related to post-challenge urinary epinephrine (E) levels when baseline E and potential confounds were controlled. Cortisol concentrations in saliva collected soon after the first challenge were positively related to CP in a post hoc subset of youths with extreme CP. Conclusions: Key findings A) associated persistent CP with more negative affectivity and less positive affectivity, B) replicated and extended prior findings of an inverse association of CP and urinary E, and C) suggested provocative hypotheses for future study relating CP, trauma history, trauma recall, and cortisol reactivity.

Alternative therapies in health and medicine

Serotonergic dysfunctions are implicated in conduct disorder, impulsivity, and aggression. Early ... more Serotonergic dysfunctions are implicated in conduct disorder, impulsivity, and aggression. Early adverse experiences increase the risk for these behaviors in adolescents. The authors investigated serotonergic activity in one adolescent male who experienced maternal abandonment and childhood abuse and exhibited severely aggressive sexual offenses. Platelet serotonin (5-HT) concentration, [ 14 C]-5HT uptake kinetics, and plasma prolactin, cortisol response to D,L-fenfluramine (D,L-FEN) were measured. Results showed extremely low 5-HT concentration (2.960.7 ng/10 8 platelets), [ 14 C]-5HT uptake rate (0.560.04 mM/min/ 10 7 platelets), undetectable K m and V max , and abnormally blunted prolactin, cortisol response to D,L-FEN. These abnormalities in this sexually aggressive adolescent may be a consequence of childhood abuse.