'Adi Susila' - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by 'Adi Susila'

Modelling and Simulation in Engineering, Jun 9, 2022

Seismic behaviors of the Meru structure as one of the sacred buildings in Balinese Temples have n... more Seismic behaviors of the Meru structure as one of the sacred buildings in Balinese Temples have not been investigated extensively. Most research investigated the Meru building in terms of its philosophy and history. The Meru buildings were observed to survive many earthquake events that occurred in Bali Islands. This paper presents the analysis results of the Meru structure in responding to earthquake excitations. As many as five types of the Meru structure traditionally built were modeled and analyzed using finite element-based software. Each type of Meru has three variations in the roof masses that were obtained from increasing the roof thickness from 500 mm, 600 mm, and 700 mm. Time history analysis follows Newmark's average acceleration method with an input earthquake record of the scaled El-Centro N-S 1940 to meet seismic conditions in the Bali area. The results show that the dynamic responses of the Meru structure increase as the number of roof levels and mass increase. All of the Meru types have met the limitation of the code's lateral allowable limits. The dimensions of the structural elements determined according to Balinese scripts can provide capacity greater than twice the capacity demand. Keeping the roof mass in a certain proportion with the mass of the lowest roof twice of the above one will keep the Meru stable during an earthquake.

Penelitian ini mengevaluasi pengaruh rigidity zone factor pertemuan balok-kolom rangka RCS terhad... more Penelitian ini mengevaluasi pengaruh rigidity zone factor pertemuan balok-kolom rangka RCS terhadap perilaku dan kinerja seismik sistem rangka RCS beraturan sebuah gedung kantor 5 tingkat di daerah kategori resiko gempa tinggi (KDS D). Adapun variasi rigidity zone factor adalah 0; 0,25; 0,5; 0,75 dan 1.0 masing-masing untuk Model MS, MSR025, MSR05, MSR075, dan MR, dengan dimensi model yang sama. Pemodelan dan analisis 3-Dimensi dalam software berbasis elemen hingga meliputi analisis linear untuk proses desain dan analisis nonlinier static pushover untuk mengevaluasi kinerja seismik struktur. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa semua model RCS telah memenuhi Batasan-batasan desain kekuatan dan daya layannya. Kinerja seismic dalam hal gaya geser dasar, kekakuan elastis, dan daktilitas struktur meningkat dengan meningkatnya nilai rigidity factor. Level kinerja seismik struktur menurut FEMA 440 adalah life safety (LS) untuk Model MSR05, MSR075 dan MR, sedangkan untuk Model MS dan MSR025 ad...

A reliable, integrated and sustainable highway road network system throughout the national territ... more A reliable, integrated and sustainable highway road network system throughout the national territory needs to include an upgraded structural capacity of bridges; particularly Tukad Yeh Bakung bridge in Bali-Indonesia. It was essentially needed to improve transportation services to provide direct impacts of economic growth and social welfare locally. To upgrade structural capacity an old bridge has been done by applying a preservation method sustainably: maintenance and rehabilitation in order to keep the bridges provide services properly. This preservation method has also been intended to provide an acceptance and functional criteria (certification of life services) of bridge 50 up to 100 year, and further. An old bridge (Tukad Yeh Bakung) was built in 1977 located along the national road network between Denpasar and Gilimanuk with reference (stationing of km 54+400). The bridge was suffered with structural damages due to exceeded load services, earthquakes, and material degradation...

Computational Fluidal Dynamic (CFD analysis) is highly pointed to solve a number of wind tunnel t... more Computational Fluidal Dynamic (CFD analysis) is highly pointed to solve a number of wind tunnel test problem on the computer simulation. Largeeddy simulation (LES) technique with the Smagorinsky eddy-viscosity model has been applied in order to predict pressure coefficients for 3-D domes and catenoid models. “Fluent” has been used to analyze the flows. Published data of Maher and the ASCE have been used as the basis guideline to enable wind loading to be applied appropriately. Result of LES computations are compared with those from laminar models as well as those from turbulent models based on Reynolds–average Navier- Stokes equation (RANS model) and those from experiment. The numerical experiment results for all models with various configurations to be exited by the turbulent wind forces were identified. The LES results from 3D computational agreed very well with the experimental or published data. For the dome case of h/d=1/2 ratio, the result can be sort it out into the maximum p...

Indonesia is a developing country that suffers from earthquakes and windstorms and where at least... more Indonesia is a developing country that suffers from earthquakes and windstorms and where at least 60% of houses are non-engineered structures, built by unskilled workers using masonry and timber. The non-engineered housing units developed in urban region are also vulnerable to seismic hazard due to the use of low quality of material and constructions method. Those structures are not resistant to extreme lateral loads or ground movement and their failure during an earthquake or storm can lead to significant loss of life.This thesis is concerned with the structural performance of Indonesian low-rise buildings made of masonry and timber under lateral seismic load. The research presented includes a survey of forms of building structure and experimental, analytical and numerical work to predict the behaviour of masonry wall and traditional timber frame buildings. Experimental testing of both masonry and timber have been carried out in Indonesia to establish the quality of materials and t...

Lombok Earthquake 2018 was very rare and interesting phenomenon to be taken into consideration du... more Lombok Earthquake 2018 was very rare and interesting phenomenon to be taken into consideration due to its behavior. The pattern of seismicity was up and down which gives panic and confusion, especially to the public who live in Lombok, Bali and Sumbawa. There were at least six earthquakes with magnitudes of 5.5 to 6.9 ML in a short interval between 29th July to August 25, 2018. The earthquake caused structural damages in Lombok as well as in Bali region. The case study has been taken to cover 4-storey RC frame of MBG building which located in Kuta, Bali. Damage occurs on columns, beams. Beams and pre-printed reinforced concrete plates and reinforced concrete columns in place. Analysis has been applied into existing structure and stress ratio analysis check has also been taken in order to find failures. Overstresses has been found at the columns and beams, therefore, the strengthening is needs. Strengthening strategy using braces of Wide Flange-IWF, typically a cross bracing (X) meth...

Journal of Applied Engineering Science

The unbalance moments at the edge connections of flat plate structures induced by lateral forces ... more The unbalance moments at the edge connections of flat plate structures induced by lateral forces (i.e. an earthquake) may not always act in parallel directions of the building axes. Most research studied the unbalanced moments in one direction, a few of them in biaxial directions, and none of them in incline directions. This paper presents the results of a nonlinear finite element analysis on punching shear capacity at edge column-slab connections subjected to three directions of the unbalanced moments namely perpendicular, incline 45°, and parallel to the slab free edge in combination with the shear force. A 3-D numerical analysis of ten isolated edge column-plate connections was conducted by applying an appropriate element size, mesh, and calibrated material parameters of the concrete damage plasticity (CDP) model in ABAQUS. the connections were subjected to ten variations of the moment to shear (M/V) ratios. The results show that the punching shear capacity decreases exponentiall...

MATEC Web of Conferences

Confinement is one way that can be used to improve the performance of reinforced concrete structu... more Confinement is one way that can be used to improve the performance of reinforced concrete structures, mainly related to ductility. The parameter of the distance between the confinement becomes an important thing that must be studied its effect on ductility produced by a structural element. This study aims to study the effect of different distance between the confinement in compression zone in the beam at the plastic hinge area to the displacement and the behavior of the beam when it was given monotonic loading. The specimen model which is a simplified form of the plastic hinge area up front column will be fitted with a confinement in the compression zone which is attached to the shear reinforcement with different distances of 0, 70, 125 mm. Also made a beam with a crossties confinement spaced 125 mm for comparison. The presence of a centralized load in the middle of the span is intended to obtain the largest moment and shear areas in the plastic hinge. The test results showed that the installation of 125 mm intervals for confinement in the compression zone resulted in a higher ductility of 11-18% against the beam without confinement than the 70 mm interval which only increased by 2.78%. The hoops confinement produces higher ductility than crossties confinement for the same confinement interval. The increased confinement interval from 70 to 125 mm not yet significantly affect the moment capacity of the beam and the collapse was still dominant in the bending collapse although the distance between the stirrups and the confinement was slightly widened.

MATEC Web of Conferences

The occurrence of unbalanced moment in edge slab-column connections of flat plate structure canno... more The occurrence of unbalanced moment in edge slab-column connections of flat plate structure cannot be avoided and increase the slab shear stress around the column. This paper investigates the effect of M/V ratio on punching shear strength of edge column-slab connections using finite element analysis. The Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) and truss model in Abaqus were used to model the nonlinear behavior of concrete and reinforcement, respectively. Ten values of the M/V ratio were applied to a subassembly edge connection model which was part of a properly design of a 5 story flat plate structure. The shear strength prediction of ACI 318-14 code on the effect of unbalanced moment in edge column-slab connection was also studied. The analysis results show that the effect of unbalanced moment on shear strength is not significant for M/V ratio less than 0.3. However, for M/V ratio greater than 0.3, the shear strength is reduced in an exponential order. The ACI 318-14 code overestimates pr...

MATEC Web of Conferences

The resilience of buildings subject to tsunami bore impact can be improved by reducing tsunami-in... more The resilience of buildings subject to tsunami bore impact can be improved by reducing tsunami-induced lateral hydrodynamic pressure by allowing part of the tsunami bore to pass through the buildings via openings and break-away walls. This research investigated the reduction of lateral pressure caused by tsunami bore impact on a low-rise residential building with openings proposed as the prototype of tsunami-resistant house. Numerical method using smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH)- based software called DualSPHysics was used to create simulation in numerical boundary in the form of a water tank. The tsunami-like bore simulations were generated based on dam-break analogy and were validated against experimental results. Four simulation cases were conducted in this study: Case 1 and Case 2 were dealing with the parameter sensitivity of reservoir height and distance between reservoir and building, while Case 3 and Case 4 were related to the effectiveness of openings and the base elev...

Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2016

In Indonesia, number of non-engineered structures have significantly been found which the houses ... more In Indonesia, number of non-engineered structures have significantly been found which the houses were built by unskilled workers using masonry either unconfined or confined. The non-engineered housing units developed in urban region are also vulnerable to seismic hazard due to the use of low quality of material and constructions method. Those structures are not resistant to extreme lateral loads and their failure during an earthquake can lead to significant loss of life. This paper is concerned with the structural performance of Indonesian low-rise buildings made of masonry under lateral seismic load. Experimental testing of masonry has been carried out in Indonesia to establish the quality of materials and to provide material properties for numerical simulations. The results found that the strength of Indonesia-Bali clay brick masonry are below the minimum standard required for masonry structures built in seismic regions, being at least 50% lower than the requirement specified in B...

Relatively new seismic code has been introduced in Indonesia (SNI 1726-2012) which affects old st... more Relatively new seismic code has been introduced in Indonesia (SNI 1726-2012) which affects old structures. Mostly, the existing structures does not meet the requirement of new regulation: overstressed. Therefore, it is important to strengthen reinforced concrete (RC) structure in order to meet the performance level and structural behaviour satisfied. In this study, the retrofitting method was performed by using a type V steel braces both external and internal settlement. Clearly, the advantage of braces is significantly increases lateral capacity where small amount of mass also invoked into the structures. Computer simulation using SAP2000 found that most of the structures have been overstress on its components, indeed reinforcement is necessary with braces. Nonlinear pushover analysis was performed on type-V braces with and without perimeter frames which reviewed structural performances. Evaluation of 3, 5, 8 and 10 storey structures designed under previous code and failures of str...

Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil, 2009

Computational Fluidal Dynamic (CFD analysis) is highly pointed to solve a number of wind tunnel t... more Computational Fluidal Dynamic (CFD analysis) is highly pointed to solve a number of wind tunnel test problem on the computer simulation. Largeeddy simulation (LES) technique with the Smagorinsky eddy-viscosity model has been applied in order to predict pressure coefficients for 3-D domes and catenoid models. "Fluent" has been used to analyze the flows. Published data of Maher and the ASCE have been used as the basis guideline to enable wind loading to be applied appropriately. Result of LES computations are compared with those from laminar models as well as those from turbulent models based on Reynolds-average Navier-Stokes equation (RANS model) and those from experiment. The numerical experiment results for all models with various configurations to be exited by the turbulent wind forces were identified. The LES results from 3D computational agreed very well with the experimental or published data. For the dome case of h/d=1/2 ratio, the result can be sort it out into the maximum positive Cp=+0.621 and the maximum negative in the centre of dome is Cp =-1.2. The coefficient offered was quite similar to the published data of Cp=+0.6 and Cp=-1.0, respectively. CFD has been shown to a reasonable prediction of wind pressure distributions. It conceivably could replace some wind tunnel tests.

Procedia Engineering, 2015

Bambu memiliki serat alami yang cukup kuat dalam menahan tegangan tarik sehingga memungkinkan unt... more Bambu memiliki serat alami yang cukup kuat dalam menahan tegangan tarik sehingga memungkinkan untuk dipergunakan sebagai tulangan dalam komponen struktur beton bertulang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kekuatan lentur dan daya layan balok beton dengan tulangan rangkap dari bambu petung yang meliputi beban retak pertama, lendutan, lebar retak dan beban maksimum.Pada penelitian ini dibuat dan diuji sampai runtuh sebanyak 15 buah benda uji balok beton dengan tulangan rangkap dari bambu petung dengan dimensi balok 100 x 200 x 1400 mm dengan kuat tekan beton (f'c) sebsar 15 MPa. Adapun parameter yang divariasikan adalah luas tulangan tarik dari benda uji balok yaitu 100 mm 2 , 150 mm 2 , 200 mm 2 , 250 mm 2 dan 300 mm 2 . Sedangkan luas tulangan tekannya dibuat tetap sebesar 100 mm 2 dan sengkang dari baja tulangan U24 (fy = 240 MPa) diameter 6 mm dengan jarak 50 mm dan 80 mm yang masingmasing terletak pada daerah antara tumpuan dan beban (daerah tepi), serta antara beban dan beban (daerah tengah). Setiap variasi dibuat benda uji sebanyak 3 buah. Pengujian balok dilakukan di atas dua tumpuan sederhana dengan dua buah beban terpusat (four point bending test) masing-masing pada jarak 1/3 bentang dari tumpuan (400 mm). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua balok beton mengalami keruntuhan lentur dengan retak yang terjadi dibawah beban dan diantara beban terpusat. Retak yang terjadi sangat sedikit (jarang) sehingga lebar retaknya sangat besar. Kondisi ini terjadi karena lekatan antara tulangan bambu dengan beton kurang sempurna sehingga tulangan mengalami slip lokal pada daerah retaknya. Besarnya beban layan balok mencapai 45% dari beban maksimumnya. Peningkatan rasio tulangan tarik dapat meningkatkan daya layan balok yang meliputi peningkatan beban retak pertama, beban layan dan penurunan lendutan serta lebar retak yang terjadi. Disamping itu, kapasitas lentur balok juga meningkat secara linier dengan meningkatnya luas tualngan tariknya. Dibandingkan dengan prediksi kapasitas lentur balok menurut SNI 2847:2013, menunjukan bahwa ketentuan pada SNI 2847:2013overestimateterhadap kapasitas lentur balok beton bertulangan bambu petung. Kata kunci: Tulangan bambu, kapasitas lentur, daya layan, SNI 2847, balok beton, tulangan rangkap. Program Studi Magister Teknik Sipil, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Udayana SM-81

APSEC-ICCER 2012, Oct 4, 2012

This paper is concerned with the seismic resistance of low-rise building structures in Indonesia.... more This paper is concerned with the seismic resistance of low-rise building structures in Indonesia. Many of the low-rise buildings are of traditional or vernacular construction, not designed or constructed using modern engineering principles and regulations. Timber framed buildings and masonry buildings have been investigated in this study. Numerical simulations have shown knee-braces in timber structures connected using carpentry joints to be effective in providing good resistance to lateral forces. This helps explain their good seismic performance. Low-rise masonry buildings are built either with or without a confining frame of timber or reinforced concrete. The quality of the masonry is not very good: laboratory tests carried out as part of this study on Bali-Indonesia clay brick units have shown their mechanical properties to be poor in comparison with what would normally be required in a seismically active area. Numerical analysis results have indicated that the incorporation of knee-braces into masonry buildings can significantly improve lateral stiffness and strength and thus, seismic resistance.

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Technology Development, 2012, Oct 31, 2012

This paper reports numerical investigation of typical structures in Indonesia, either of non-engi... more This paper reports numerical investigation of typical structures in Indonesia, either of non-engineered low-rise buildings or engineered structures by employing non-linear geometry analysis to determine the seismic performance and failures. Performance base design procedure utilized to predict behaviour of the structures: traditional timber frame, such masonry buildings (unconfined or confined by reinforcement concrete framing) and structural component of bridge. Results of simulation of non-linear Finite Element Model (FEM) are represented with validation between the numerical and experimental works. The results expected to confirm; modification procedure introduced, failure mode and carrying load capacity of the structures. A parallel study involving experimental and numerical work {(Adi S., 2012a); (Adi S., 2012b)} has indicated that performance of the structures may be predicted well. Some remarks delivered as consequences to the typical structures in Indonesia. Such an infrastructure, the collapsed of the longest bridge (Kertanegara-Indonesia) has also been examined with failure indicated of clamp connection may be the culprit of the disaster.

TIIMI, London 2010, Dec 27, 2010

CFD is the systematic analysis of computer based simulation to determine dynamic fluid flow, heat... more CFD is the systematic analysis of computer based simulation to determine dynamic fluid flow, heat transfer and other fluid properties. Airbus researchers have found that commercial airliners commonly encounter physical problems with friction drag, 40% of which are caused by a turbulent boundary layer, which is a thin layer of air located just above the skin of a wing/airfoil and body of an aircraft. Drag habitually happens in various instances of fluid flow. It is sometime necessary; however, the disturbance caused by this friction should be optimized for the use of industrial requirement. This has resulted in constant challenge to find appropriate solutions to reduce and ultimately eliminate this effect altogether.

Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil, 2009

Computational Fluidal Dynamic (CFD analysis) is highly pointed to solve a number of wind tunnel t... more Computational Fluidal Dynamic (CFD analysis) is highly pointed to solve a number of wind tunnel test problem on the computer simulation. Largeeddy simulation (LES) technique with the Smagorinsky eddy-viscosity model has been applied in order to predict pressure coefficients for 3-D domes and catenoid models.

Modelling and Simulation in Engineering, Jun 9, 2022

Seismic behaviors of the Meru structure as one of the sacred buildings in Balinese Temples have n... more Seismic behaviors of the Meru structure as one of the sacred buildings in Balinese Temples have not been investigated extensively. Most research investigated the Meru building in terms of its philosophy and history. The Meru buildings were observed to survive many earthquake events that occurred in Bali Islands. This paper presents the analysis results of the Meru structure in responding to earthquake excitations. As many as five types of the Meru structure traditionally built were modeled and analyzed using finite element-based software. Each type of Meru has three variations in the roof masses that were obtained from increasing the roof thickness from 500 mm, 600 mm, and 700 mm. Time history analysis follows Newmark's average acceleration method with an input earthquake record of the scaled El-Centro N-S 1940 to meet seismic conditions in the Bali area. The results show that the dynamic responses of the Meru structure increase as the number of roof levels and mass increase. All of the Meru types have met the limitation of the code's lateral allowable limits. The dimensions of the structural elements determined according to Balinese scripts can provide capacity greater than twice the capacity demand. Keeping the roof mass in a certain proportion with the mass of the lowest roof twice of the above one will keep the Meru stable during an earthquake.

Penelitian ini mengevaluasi pengaruh rigidity zone factor pertemuan balok-kolom rangka RCS terhad... more Penelitian ini mengevaluasi pengaruh rigidity zone factor pertemuan balok-kolom rangka RCS terhadap perilaku dan kinerja seismik sistem rangka RCS beraturan sebuah gedung kantor 5 tingkat di daerah kategori resiko gempa tinggi (KDS D). Adapun variasi rigidity zone factor adalah 0; 0,25; 0,5; 0,75 dan 1.0 masing-masing untuk Model MS, MSR025, MSR05, MSR075, dan MR, dengan dimensi model yang sama. Pemodelan dan analisis 3-Dimensi dalam software berbasis elemen hingga meliputi analisis linear untuk proses desain dan analisis nonlinier static pushover untuk mengevaluasi kinerja seismik struktur. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa semua model RCS telah memenuhi Batasan-batasan desain kekuatan dan daya layannya. Kinerja seismic dalam hal gaya geser dasar, kekakuan elastis, dan daktilitas struktur meningkat dengan meningkatnya nilai rigidity factor. Level kinerja seismik struktur menurut FEMA 440 adalah life safety (LS) untuk Model MSR05, MSR075 dan MR, sedangkan untuk Model MS dan MSR025 ad...

A reliable, integrated and sustainable highway road network system throughout the national territ... more A reliable, integrated and sustainable highway road network system throughout the national territory needs to include an upgraded structural capacity of bridges; particularly Tukad Yeh Bakung bridge in Bali-Indonesia. It was essentially needed to improve transportation services to provide direct impacts of economic growth and social welfare locally. To upgrade structural capacity an old bridge has been done by applying a preservation method sustainably: maintenance and rehabilitation in order to keep the bridges provide services properly. This preservation method has also been intended to provide an acceptance and functional criteria (certification of life services) of bridge 50 up to 100 year, and further. An old bridge (Tukad Yeh Bakung) was built in 1977 located along the national road network between Denpasar and Gilimanuk with reference (stationing of km 54+400). The bridge was suffered with structural damages due to exceeded load services, earthquakes, and material degradation...

Computational Fluidal Dynamic (CFD analysis) is highly pointed to solve a number of wind tunnel t... more Computational Fluidal Dynamic (CFD analysis) is highly pointed to solve a number of wind tunnel test problem on the computer simulation. Largeeddy simulation (LES) technique with the Smagorinsky eddy-viscosity model has been applied in order to predict pressure coefficients for 3-D domes and catenoid models. “Fluent” has been used to analyze the flows. Published data of Maher and the ASCE have been used as the basis guideline to enable wind loading to be applied appropriately. Result of LES computations are compared with those from laminar models as well as those from turbulent models based on Reynolds–average Navier- Stokes equation (RANS model) and those from experiment. The numerical experiment results for all models with various configurations to be exited by the turbulent wind forces were identified. The LES results from 3D computational agreed very well with the experimental or published data. For the dome case of h/d=1/2 ratio, the result can be sort it out into the maximum p...

Indonesia is a developing country that suffers from earthquakes and windstorms and where at least... more Indonesia is a developing country that suffers from earthquakes and windstorms and where at least 60% of houses are non-engineered structures, built by unskilled workers using masonry and timber. The non-engineered housing units developed in urban region are also vulnerable to seismic hazard due to the use of low quality of material and constructions method. Those structures are not resistant to extreme lateral loads or ground movement and their failure during an earthquake or storm can lead to significant loss of life.This thesis is concerned with the structural performance of Indonesian low-rise buildings made of masonry and timber under lateral seismic load. The research presented includes a survey of forms of building structure and experimental, analytical and numerical work to predict the behaviour of masonry wall and traditional timber frame buildings. Experimental testing of both masonry and timber have been carried out in Indonesia to establish the quality of materials and t...

Lombok Earthquake 2018 was very rare and interesting phenomenon to be taken into consideration du... more Lombok Earthquake 2018 was very rare and interesting phenomenon to be taken into consideration due to its behavior. The pattern of seismicity was up and down which gives panic and confusion, especially to the public who live in Lombok, Bali and Sumbawa. There were at least six earthquakes with magnitudes of 5.5 to 6.9 ML in a short interval between 29th July to August 25, 2018. The earthquake caused structural damages in Lombok as well as in Bali region. The case study has been taken to cover 4-storey RC frame of MBG building which located in Kuta, Bali. Damage occurs on columns, beams. Beams and pre-printed reinforced concrete plates and reinforced concrete columns in place. Analysis has been applied into existing structure and stress ratio analysis check has also been taken in order to find failures. Overstresses has been found at the columns and beams, therefore, the strengthening is needs. Strengthening strategy using braces of Wide Flange-IWF, typically a cross bracing (X) meth...

Journal of Applied Engineering Science

The unbalance moments at the edge connections of flat plate structures induced by lateral forces ... more The unbalance moments at the edge connections of flat plate structures induced by lateral forces (i.e. an earthquake) may not always act in parallel directions of the building axes. Most research studied the unbalanced moments in one direction, a few of them in biaxial directions, and none of them in incline directions. This paper presents the results of a nonlinear finite element analysis on punching shear capacity at edge column-slab connections subjected to three directions of the unbalanced moments namely perpendicular, incline 45°, and parallel to the slab free edge in combination with the shear force. A 3-D numerical analysis of ten isolated edge column-plate connections was conducted by applying an appropriate element size, mesh, and calibrated material parameters of the concrete damage plasticity (CDP) model in ABAQUS. the connections were subjected to ten variations of the moment to shear (M/V) ratios. The results show that the punching shear capacity decreases exponentiall...

MATEC Web of Conferences

Confinement is one way that can be used to improve the performance of reinforced concrete structu... more Confinement is one way that can be used to improve the performance of reinforced concrete structures, mainly related to ductility. The parameter of the distance between the confinement becomes an important thing that must be studied its effect on ductility produced by a structural element. This study aims to study the effect of different distance between the confinement in compression zone in the beam at the plastic hinge area to the displacement and the behavior of the beam when it was given monotonic loading. The specimen model which is a simplified form of the plastic hinge area up front column will be fitted with a confinement in the compression zone which is attached to the shear reinforcement with different distances of 0, 70, 125 mm. Also made a beam with a crossties confinement spaced 125 mm for comparison. The presence of a centralized load in the middle of the span is intended to obtain the largest moment and shear areas in the plastic hinge. The test results showed that the installation of 125 mm intervals for confinement in the compression zone resulted in a higher ductility of 11-18% against the beam without confinement than the 70 mm interval which only increased by 2.78%. The hoops confinement produces higher ductility than crossties confinement for the same confinement interval. The increased confinement interval from 70 to 125 mm not yet significantly affect the moment capacity of the beam and the collapse was still dominant in the bending collapse although the distance between the stirrups and the confinement was slightly widened.

MATEC Web of Conferences

The occurrence of unbalanced moment in edge slab-column connections of flat plate structure canno... more The occurrence of unbalanced moment in edge slab-column connections of flat plate structure cannot be avoided and increase the slab shear stress around the column. This paper investigates the effect of M/V ratio on punching shear strength of edge column-slab connections using finite element analysis. The Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) and truss model in Abaqus were used to model the nonlinear behavior of concrete and reinforcement, respectively. Ten values of the M/V ratio were applied to a subassembly edge connection model which was part of a properly design of a 5 story flat plate structure. The shear strength prediction of ACI 318-14 code on the effect of unbalanced moment in edge column-slab connection was also studied. The analysis results show that the effect of unbalanced moment on shear strength is not significant for M/V ratio less than 0.3. However, for M/V ratio greater than 0.3, the shear strength is reduced in an exponential order. The ACI 318-14 code overestimates pr...

MATEC Web of Conferences

The resilience of buildings subject to tsunami bore impact can be improved by reducing tsunami-in... more The resilience of buildings subject to tsunami bore impact can be improved by reducing tsunami-induced lateral hydrodynamic pressure by allowing part of the tsunami bore to pass through the buildings via openings and break-away walls. This research investigated the reduction of lateral pressure caused by tsunami bore impact on a low-rise residential building with openings proposed as the prototype of tsunami-resistant house. Numerical method using smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH)- based software called DualSPHysics was used to create simulation in numerical boundary in the form of a water tank. The tsunami-like bore simulations were generated based on dam-break analogy and were validated against experimental results. Four simulation cases were conducted in this study: Case 1 and Case 2 were dealing with the parameter sensitivity of reservoir height and distance between reservoir and building, while Case 3 and Case 4 were related to the effectiveness of openings and the base elev...

Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2016

In Indonesia, number of non-engineered structures have significantly been found which the houses ... more In Indonesia, number of non-engineered structures have significantly been found which the houses were built by unskilled workers using masonry either unconfined or confined. The non-engineered housing units developed in urban region are also vulnerable to seismic hazard due to the use of low quality of material and constructions method. Those structures are not resistant to extreme lateral loads and their failure during an earthquake can lead to significant loss of life. This paper is concerned with the structural performance of Indonesian low-rise buildings made of masonry under lateral seismic load. Experimental testing of masonry has been carried out in Indonesia to establish the quality of materials and to provide material properties for numerical simulations. The results found that the strength of Indonesia-Bali clay brick masonry are below the minimum standard required for masonry structures built in seismic regions, being at least 50% lower than the requirement specified in B...

Relatively new seismic code has been introduced in Indonesia (SNI 1726-2012) which affects old st... more Relatively new seismic code has been introduced in Indonesia (SNI 1726-2012) which affects old structures. Mostly, the existing structures does not meet the requirement of new regulation: overstressed. Therefore, it is important to strengthen reinforced concrete (RC) structure in order to meet the performance level and structural behaviour satisfied. In this study, the retrofitting method was performed by using a type V steel braces both external and internal settlement. Clearly, the advantage of braces is significantly increases lateral capacity where small amount of mass also invoked into the structures. Computer simulation using SAP2000 found that most of the structures have been overstress on its components, indeed reinforcement is necessary with braces. Nonlinear pushover analysis was performed on type-V braces with and without perimeter frames which reviewed structural performances. Evaluation of 3, 5, 8 and 10 storey structures designed under previous code and failures of str...

Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil, 2009

Computational Fluidal Dynamic (CFD analysis) is highly pointed to solve a number of wind tunnel t... more Computational Fluidal Dynamic (CFD analysis) is highly pointed to solve a number of wind tunnel test problem on the computer simulation. Largeeddy simulation (LES) technique with the Smagorinsky eddy-viscosity model has been applied in order to predict pressure coefficients for 3-D domes and catenoid models. "Fluent" has been used to analyze the flows. Published data of Maher and the ASCE have been used as the basis guideline to enable wind loading to be applied appropriately. Result of LES computations are compared with those from laminar models as well as those from turbulent models based on Reynolds-average Navier-Stokes equation (RANS model) and those from experiment. The numerical experiment results for all models with various configurations to be exited by the turbulent wind forces were identified. The LES results from 3D computational agreed very well with the experimental or published data. For the dome case of h/d=1/2 ratio, the result can be sort it out into the maximum positive Cp=+0.621 and the maximum negative in the centre of dome is Cp =-1.2. The coefficient offered was quite similar to the published data of Cp=+0.6 and Cp=-1.0, respectively. CFD has been shown to a reasonable prediction of wind pressure distributions. It conceivably could replace some wind tunnel tests.

Procedia Engineering, 2015

Bambu memiliki serat alami yang cukup kuat dalam menahan tegangan tarik sehingga memungkinkan unt... more Bambu memiliki serat alami yang cukup kuat dalam menahan tegangan tarik sehingga memungkinkan untuk dipergunakan sebagai tulangan dalam komponen struktur beton bertulang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kekuatan lentur dan daya layan balok beton dengan tulangan rangkap dari bambu petung yang meliputi beban retak pertama, lendutan, lebar retak dan beban maksimum.Pada penelitian ini dibuat dan diuji sampai runtuh sebanyak 15 buah benda uji balok beton dengan tulangan rangkap dari bambu petung dengan dimensi balok 100 x 200 x 1400 mm dengan kuat tekan beton (f'c) sebsar 15 MPa. Adapun parameter yang divariasikan adalah luas tulangan tarik dari benda uji balok yaitu 100 mm 2 , 150 mm 2 , 200 mm 2 , 250 mm 2 dan 300 mm 2 . Sedangkan luas tulangan tekannya dibuat tetap sebesar 100 mm 2 dan sengkang dari baja tulangan U24 (fy = 240 MPa) diameter 6 mm dengan jarak 50 mm dan 80 mm yang masingmasing terletak pada daerah antara tumpuan dan beban (daerah tepi), serta antara beban dan beban (daerah tengah). Setiap variasi dibuat benda uji sebanyak 3 buah. Pengujian balok dilakukan di atas dua tumpuan sederhana dengan dua buah beban terpusat (four point bending test) masing-masing pada jarak 1/3 bentang dari tumpuan (400 mm). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua balok beton mengalami keruntuhan lentur dengan retak yang terjadi dibawah beban dan diantara beban terpusat. Retak yang terjadi sangat sedikit (jarang) sehingga lebar retaknya sangat besar. Kondisi ini terjadi karena lekatan antara tulangan bambu dengan beton kurang sempurna sehingga tulangan mengalami slip lokal pada daerah retaknya. Besarnya beban layan balok mencapai 45% dari beban maksimumnya. Peningkatan rasio tulangan tarik dapat meningkatkan daya layan balok yang meliputi peningkatan beban retak pertama, beban layan dan penurunan lendutan serta lebar retak yang terjadi. Disamping itu, kapasitas lentur balok juga meningkat secara linier dengan meningkatnya luas tualngan tariknya. Dibandingkan dengan prediksi kapasitas lentur balok menurut SNI 2847:2013, menunjukan bahwa ketentuan pada SNI 2847:2013overestimateterhadap kapasitas lentur balok beton bertulangan bambu petung. Kata kunci: Tulangan bambu, kapasitas lentur, daya layan, SNI 2847, balok beton, tulangan rangkap. Program Studi Magister Teknik Sipil, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Udayana SM-81

APSEC-ICCER 2012, Oct 4, 2012

This paper is concerned with the seismic resistance of low-rise building structures in Indonesia.... more This paper is concerned with the seismic resistance of low-rise building structures in Indonesia. Many of the low-rise buildings are of traditional or vernacular construction, not designed or constructed using modern engineering principles and regulations. Timber framed buildings and masonry buildings have been investigated in this study. Numerical simulations have shown knee-braces in timber structures connected using carpentry joints to be effective in providing good resistance to lateral forces. This helps explain their good seismic performance. Low-rise masonry buildings are built either with or without a confining frame of timber or reinforced concrete. The quality of the masonry is not very good: laboratory tests carried out as part of this study on Bali-Indonesia clay brick units have shown their mechanical properties to be poor in comparison with what would normally be required in a seismically active area. Numerical analysis results have indicated that the incorporation of knee-braces into masonry buildings can significantly improve lateral stiffness and strength and thus, seismic resistance.

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Technology Development, 2012, Oct 31, 2012

This paper reports numerical investigation of typical structures in Indonesia, either of non-engi... more This paper reports numerical investigation of typical structures in Indonesia, either of non-engineered low-rise buildings or engineered structures by employing non-linear geometry analysis to determine the seismic performance and failures. Performance base design procedure utilized to predict behaviour of the structures: traditional timber frame, such masonry buildings (unconfined or confined by reinforcement concrete framing) and structural component of bridge. Results of simulation of non-linear Finite Element Model (FEM) are represented with validation between the numerical and experimental works. The results expected to confirm; modification procedure introduced, failure mode and carrying load capacity of the structures. A parallel study involving experimental and numerical work {(Adi S., 2012a); (Adi S., 2012b)} has indicated that performance of the structures may be predicted well. Some remarks delivered as consequences to the typical structures in Indonesia. Such an infrastructure, the collapsed of the longest bridge (Kertanegara-Indonesia) has also been examined with failure indicated of clamp connection may be the culprit of the disaster.

TIIMI, London 2010, Dec 27, 2010

CFD is the systematic analysis of computer based simulation to determine dynamic fluid flow, heat... more CFD is the systematic analysis of computer based simulation to determine dynamic fluid flow, heat transfer and other fluid properties. Airbus researchers have found that commercial airliners commonly encounter physical problems with friction drag, 40% of which are caused by a turbulent boundary layer, which is a thin layer of air located just above the skin of a wing/airfoil and body of an aircraft. Drag habitually happens in various instances of fluid flow. It is sometime necessary; however, the disturbance caused by this friction should be optimized for the use of industrial requirement. This has resulted in constant challenge to find appropriate solutions to reduce and ultimately eliminate this effect altogether.

Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil, 2009

Computational Fluidal Dynamic (CFD analysis) is highly pointed to solve a number of wind tunnel t... more Computational Fluidal Dynamic (CFD analysis) is highly pointed to solve a number of wind tunnel test problem on the computer simulation. Largeeddy simulation (LES) technique with the Smagorinsky eddy-viscosity model has been applied in order to predict pressure coefficients for 3-D domes and catenoid models.