Adil Elgarrai - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Adil Elgarrai
African Journal of Biotechnology, Dec 29, 2008
Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction, 2018
Objective: To determine the effects of Calotropis procera latex on pubertal traits of immature ma... more Objective: To determine the effects of Calotropis procera latex on pubertal traits of immature male Wistar rats. Methods: A total of 30 immature male Wistar rats aged 3 weeks old were grouped randomly into 5 groups: group A (control group) was offered distilled water as a placebo; group B was daily oral dosed with suspension of Calotropis procera latex at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg BW, group C 10 mg/kg BW; group D 15 mg/kg BW and group E 20 mg/ kg BW. The rats were weighed daily to adjust the dose and record the BW changes, and the treatment continued for 4 weeks; thereafter, rats were sacrificed. Serum samples (n=30) were collected from all rats and kept frozen until assayed for reproductive hormones. Furthermore, the testes and epididymae were weighed; epididymal sperms were counted; sperm motility & abnormality were estimated; and histopathological sections of the testes were prepared. Results: The results of this study showed that oral dosing of immature male rats with Calotropis procera latex at doses rate 10 mg/kg BW significantly (P<0.05) reduced the growth rate, BW, testicular & epididymal weights, the level of most of reproductive hormones as well as the sperm traits examined; however, it significantly (P<0.05) augmented the abnormalities of spermatozoa and the seminiferous epithelium. Conclusions: Latex of Calotropis procera contains substances that have anti-androgenic activities and/or endocrine disrupting effects. If these substances are purified and identified, they can be used as male contraceptives.
PubMed, Dec 1, 1995
The influence of increasing the physical electrofusion parameters, direct current (DC) pulse stre... more The influence of increasing the physical electrofusion parameters, direct current (DC) pulse strength, pulse duration, pulse number, alternating current (AC) voltage and alignment time, in electrolytes on the rates of fusion, degeneration and development of zona-free mouse 2-cell embryos were examined. Furthermore, the effects of physiological saline and mannitol as fusion media and various mouse strains were also evaluated. Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum was used as the main fusion solution. A significant increase in the rate of fusion (P < 0.05) was obtained by increasing pulse strength from 30 to 300 V/mm. The embryos fused at the pulse strengths of 30 to 70 V/mm had significantly higher development rates to blastocysts compared with those fused at 100 to 300 V/mm (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the rates of fusion, degeneration and development to blastocysts when the pulse duration was increased from 30 to 90 microseconds. Although fusion rates were increased (P < 0.05) by increasing the pulse number up to 4, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in development to blastocysts was observed when the pulse number was 5. Application of AC voltage prior to the DC pulse tended to increase the fusion rate (89.2-93.8%), compared with fusion with the DC pulse only (75.0%). Prolongation of alignment time from 5 to 15 sec had no effect on the fusion rate. Under the optimum conditions (2 pulses of DC of 70 V/mm, 70 microseconds pulse duration and AC of 5 V/mm for 5 sec), no significant difference was obtained in the fusion and development rates in different mouse strains, nor were fusion and development rates significantly different among PBS, physiological saline and mannitol solutions (P > 0.05).
Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Apr 6, 2014
This study was carried out to examine treatment of repeat breeder (RB) dairy cows with diluted Po... more This study was carried out to examine treatment of repeat breeder (RB) dairy cows with diluted Povidone iodine (2%). Sixty cross-bred dairy cows suffer repeat breeding were used to investigate the efficacy of intra-uterine infusion of diluted Pvidone iodine for treatment of repeat breeding in dairy cows. Uterine swabs were collected from uteri of the candidate cows prior treatment. After bacterial culture the uteri of the selected cows were found mildly infected (subclinical endometritis). They were then divided randomly into three equal groups. Group A (n = 20 cows) was intra-uterine infused with 2% Povidone iodine 6 hours pre-insemination. Group B (n = 20 cows) was infused with the same solution 6 hours post-insemination. Group C (n = 20 cows) was left without treatment to serve as control. The potency and efficacy of diluted Povidone iodine to cure repeat breeding in dairy cows was evaluated by studying three parameters, the days open (DO), rate of service per conception and the calving interval (CI). The results of this study revealed that, the DO, rate of service per conception and CI were significantly (P<0.001) reduced by intra-uterine infusion of diluted Povidone solution 6 hours pre and post insemination as compared to the control. It is concluded that, the repeat breeding (RB) syndrome in cross-bred dairy cows is most likely to be due to sub-clinical endometritis of the reproductive tract as well as deficiency of Iodine. Furthermore, intra-uterine infusion of 2% Povidone iodine can be used successfully to improve the reproductive efficiency of RB dairy cows.
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 2014
This study was carried out to determine the impact of type of protein supplementation to the rati... more This study was carried out to determine the impact of type of protein supplementation to the ration on pubertal characteristics of male goat kids. Eighteen crossbred (Nubian × Saanen) weaned male goat kids were distributed to 3 ration groups. Group I (n=6) was kept on a ration supplemented with ground nut cakes, group II (n=6) on a ration supplemented with sesame cakes and group II (n=6) on a ration supplemented with cotton seed cakes. The pubertal traits studied were preputial separation, scrotal circumference at puberty, weight and age at puberty, ejaculate volume, individual motility percent and mass motility of semen, percentages of live and abnormal morphology spermatozoa and the concentration of spermatozoa. The results of this study revealed that only the pubertal body and the percentage of abnormal sperms were significantly influenced (p˂0.05) with protein type.The least pubertal body weights and the high percentages of abnormal sperms were recorded in male goats kept on a ration supplemented with cotton seed cakes. Although the scrotal circumference was the least in the group fed on cotton seed cake based ration, it was not significantly (p˃0.05) different from that of the other groups. It is concluded that the pubertal traits of male goat kids kept on rations supplemented with groundnut, sesame, or cotton seed cakes are nearly similar. However, cotton seed cakes supplementation to the ration of growing male goat kids reduces the pubertal body weight and increases the percentage of abnormal sperms.
Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction, May 1, 2016
Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction, Sep 1, 2016
Abstract Objective To investigate the effects of supplementation of potassium bromate (KBrO 3 ) t... more Abstract Objective To investigate the effects of supplementation of potassium bromate (KBrO 3 ) to drinking water on the growth rate, pubertal weight, testis & epididymal weights and testicular histology of growing male rats. Methods Thirty male Wizard rat [age = 21 d, mean BW = (40.0 ± 5.3) g] were used. The rats were grouped into 5 treatment groups each group consist of 6 rats. T 1 was offered drinking water supplemented with 100 mg, T 2 200 mg, T 3 300 mg, T 4 400 mg/L KBrO 3 for the duration of the experiment, while the control group was offered KBrO 3 free water. The BW weights were taken weekly. Eight weeks after treatment the rats were sacrificed, testes & epididymae were excised and weighted. The testes were fixed and histopathological sections of 5–6 μm were made, stained with H & E and examined under light microscope. Results The results showed that the growth rate, pubertal weight, testes & epididymal weights and testicular histology of growing male rats were significantly ( P 3 supplementation to drinking water. The growth rate of the control group and T 1 (100 mg/L KBrO 3 ) fit well a sigmoid pattern growth curve and no differences in their growth rates were recorded, while the sigmoid pattern of the growth curves of treatment T 2 , T 3 and T 4 was disrupted. No difference ( P > 0.05) in BW between the control and T 1 was recorded. However, it is clear that T 2 , T 3 and T 4 significantly ( P P 3 to drinking water caused serious changes in testicular tissue of the rats. The treatment rats' testes had distorted or even collapsed seminiferous tubules and narrow interstitial spaces. Upon magnification the seminiferous tubules appeared very narrow, mostly devoid of spermatogenesis and with no sperms. Conclusion Exposure of prepubertal rats to KBrO 3 retards their growth, causes testicular hypoplasia and impairs spermatogenesis, which is a predictor of infertility or even sterility in the future.
Animal Reproduction Science, Aug 1, 1997
Pronuclear stage embryos with intact (ZI), slit (ZS) or completely removed (ZF) zona pellucida we... more Pronuclear stage embryos with intact (ZI), slit (ZS) or completely removed (ZF) zona pellucida were encapsulated with an artificial zona pellucida (AZP) made of 1.5% sodium alginate. Embryos were cultured in KSOM medium with or without protein and their development in vitro to the blastocyst stage was recorded. AZP significantly (P < 0.05) improved the development of embryos to the blastocyst stage regardless of the presence of the natural zona pellucida. The encapsulated embryos developed at a higher rate (P < 0.05) in the absence of protein as compared with non-encapsulated embryos. Furthermore, the cell contacts at the 4-cell stage were significantly improved (P < 0.05) with encapsulation. AZP improved (P < 0.05) the development of pronuclear stage embryos with a slit zona pellucida to morula and blastocyst stages as compared with ZS embryos. It is concluded that AZP improves the in vitro development of pronuclear stage embryos with intact or completely removed zona pellucida as well as micromanipulated embryos to the blastocyst stage.
African Journal of Biotechnology, Aug 31, 2007
African Journal of Biotechnology, Dec 29, 2008
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2014
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 1997
The effects of different concentrations of etoposide and cycloheximide (ETO-CHXM), used for chemi... more The effects of different concentrations of etoposide and cycloheximide (ETO-CHXM), used for chemical enucleation of mouse oocytes, on polar body extrusion and chromatin expulsion were tested. The developmental ability of blastomeres of late 2-cell stage embryos fused to chemically enucleated oocytes of different ages or cytoplasts from different sources was also examined in vitro. Metaphase I oocytes cultured in different concentrations of ETO-CHXM (10-50 µg/ml each) extruded polar bodies at rates similar to those cultured without ETO-CHXM (58.5-65.9% and 64.6%, respectively). However, low percent of the oocytes (1.7-6.2%) expressed signs of meiotic perturbation, which was manifested by blebbing of the cytoplasmic membrane and extrusion of two or more polar bodylike fragments. Twenty-three percent of the chemically enucleated oocytes cultured in ETO-CHXM-free medium spontaneously fused to their polar bodies. The rates of total chromatin expulsion were similar when ETO-CHXM concentrations were 36 and 50 µg/ml (93.5 and 98%, respectively). The results also showed that the cleavage rates of reconstituted embryos were significantly (P<0.001) affected by the age of the chemically enucleated oocytes. Cytoplasts of bisected oocytes that matured in vivo supported the development of 31.7% of the reconstituted embryos to the blastocyst stage. However, both cytoplasts of chemically enucleated oocytes and in vitro matured oocytes did not support development to the blastocyst stage. A high percentage (85.5%) of the reconstituted embryos with chemically enucleated recipients displayed abnormality of the metaphase plate. These results suggest that concentrations of etoposide between 36 and 50 µg/ml are optimum for enucleation of mouse oocytes. Furthermore, increasing the age or reducing the cytoplasmic volume of the chemically enucleated oocytes did not improve the development of the reconstituted embryos to the blastocyst stage.-KEY WORDS: chemical enucleation, cytoplast source, mouse, reconstituted embryo.
Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 2006
This study was carried out to test the ability of sucrose-exposed chemically enucleated mouse ooc... more This study was carried out to test the ability of sucrose-exposed chemically enucleated mouse oocytes to support the development of reconstituted embryos in vitro. Cumulus-enclosed germinal-vesicle-stage mouse oocytes were matured in vitro to metaphase I stage and were chemically enucleated with 50 µg mL −1 etoposide in tissue culture medium 199. The chemically enucleated oocytes were grouped into two groups. Group I was exposed to 0.75 m sucrose and group II was not exposed to sucrose. The zonae pellucidae of the chemically enucleated oocytes were removed with acid Tyrode's solution (pH 2.7). They were then aggregated into couplets with karyoplasts from pronuclear-stage embryos using phytohemagglutinin-P. The couplets were electrically fused to form reconstituted embryos. The reconstituted embryos were activated with 7% ethanol and cultured in vitro in simplex optimisation medium to test their developmental ability to the blastocyst stage. Some of the reconstituted embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage were used for chromosome counts to test their ploidy. The results of the present study showed that chemically enucleated oocytes exposed to sucrose supported the development of reconstituted embryos to the blastocyst stage (21.5%), whereas those not exposed to sucrose did not. The chromosome counts showed that the reconstituted embryos had normal ploidy (40 chromosomes). It is concluded that sucrose exposure improves the quality of chemically enucleated mouse oocytes. Thus they can be used as recipients for mouse embryo cloning and nucleocytoplasmic interaction studies.
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 2014
This study was carried out to see whether the uteri of dairy cows suffering from repeat breeder s... more This study was carried out to see whether the uteri of dairy cows suffering from repeat breeder syndrome are infected with bacteria or not. Furthermore, the efficacy of intra-uterine infusion of diluted Lugol's iodine to treat this syndrome was tested by studying two reproductive traits, the rate of service per conception and the length of the days open (DO). Sixty cross-bred dairy cows that were diagnosed as repeat breeders were used. A transcervical guarded sterile disposable swabs were collected from the endometria of the cows. The swabs were transferred to sterile test tubes and were cultured aerobically onto a pre-equilibrated MacConkey blood agar within 2 hour of collection. The bacteria were identified based on the characteristic of the colonies, Gram-staining and their morphology. The bacterial growth was scored semi-quantitatively. The bacteriological examination revealed that the uteri of all the repeat breeder cows are infected. The cows were then distributed randomly to three groups, group A (n = 20 cows) was intra-uterine infused with 1% Lugol's iodine 6 hours pre-servicing, group B (n = 20 cows) was infused with the same solution 6 hours post-servicing and a control group (n = 20 cows) was serviced without treatment. Intra-uterine infusion of diluted Lugol's iodine 6 hours pre or post servicing significantly (P<0.001) reduced the rate of service per conception and the length of the DO compared to the control. It is concluded that, the repeat breeding syndrome in dairy cows, is most likely caused by sub-clinical endometritis and can be treated successfully with intra-uterine infusion of 1% Lugol's iodine.
Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, Nov 30, 1998
African Journal of Biotechnology, 2011
Sperm suspensions of 4 male mice (A, B, C and D), having an initial motility grade of 3.5 were us... more Sperm suspensions of 4 male mice (A, B, C and D), having an initial motility grade of 3.5 were used to examine the presence of DNA topoisomerase II (top 2) activity in sperm heads. The initial percentage motile of male A was 75%, male B was 80%, male C was 70% and male D was 60%. Top 2 activity was examined by testing the effect of etoposide (ETO), a specific top 2 blocker, on sperm motility, fertilizing ability and formation of the male pronuclei. Sperm suspension drops (0.5 ml) and fertilization drops (0.4 ml) were made from TYH medium with 50 µg/ ml ETO (treatments) or TYH without ETO (controls). Sperm suspensions were made from epididymal sperms of the above males in treatments and controls and incubated for 3 h. Mature mouse oocytes (n = 461) were co-cultured with capacitated sperms in the treatments fertilization drops for 5 h. Other oocytes (n= 437) were co-cultured with capacitated sperms in the controls fertilization drops. The oocytes were further cultured for 24 h in KSOM with ETO (for treatments) and KSOM without ETO (for controls). Six sperm motility indexes (SMI) for each male were recorded at 30 min interval according to the formula, SMI = (grade) 2 × % motile. The fertilization rates and nuclear events were assessed by observing the pronuclei under an inverted microscope and finding the sperm heads in whole mounts from the oocytes that failed to make pronuclei. The SMI of the treatments and the controls increased gradually and reached peak values after 2 h of incubation. No differences (p > 0.05) were observed among SMI of the treatments and the controls. However, treatment reduced (p < 0.05) the fertilization rate and completely inhibited the formation of the pronuclei. All the oocytes fertilized in treatments (n = 412) failed to form pronuclei and all had enlarged or decondensed sperm heads, whereas 92.6% of the oocytes fertilized in the controls (n= 378) had pronuclei and only 30 (7.4%) oocytes had enlarged or decondensed sperm heads. Neither sperm motility nor fertilization were inhibited with ETO. However, the formation of the pronuclei was blocked. It was concluded that ETO has no effect on sperm capacitation and top 2 activity appears in mouse sperm heads after oocyte penetration.
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 2013
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of infusion of 1% Lugol ʼ s iodine into infec... more This study was conducted to investigate the effects of infusion of 1% Lugol ʼ s iodine into infected uteri of postpartum (PP) dairy cows on uterine involution (UI), appearance of the first dominant follicle (DF), recrudescence of the first oestrus (FO), days open (DO), rate of service per conception and calving interval (CI). Forty dairy cows that were diagnosed with severe uterine bacterial infection during early PP were divided randomly into two equal groups: A (n = 20 cows) and B (n = 20 cows). Group A was intra-uterine infused with 1% Lugol's iodine on day 5 PP. Group B was left untreated, to serve as a control. The result showed that infusion of 1% Lugol's iodine significantly (P<0.001) reduced, the time to complete UI by 16 days, appearance of the first DF by 2.7 days, resumption of FO by 91 days, DO by 160 day, rate of service by 3.4 and CI by 151 days, compared to the untreated control group. It is concluded that intra-uterine infusion of 1% Lugolʼs iodine improves the reproductive traits of cows with severe uterine bacterial infection.
Journal of Health Informatics in Developing Countries, 2018
Background: Saudization achieved limited success in private Saudi firms; nevertheless, it can ach... more Background: Saudization achieved limited success in private Saudi firms; nevertheless, it can achieve great success in the healthcare sector if there is sustainable graduation and training of Saudi healthcare-providers. Objectives: This study analyzed the structure of the healthcare workforce of some healthcare institutions in Najran city to know the rate of Saudization in the healthcare sector, the healthcare-workers qualification, healthcare-workers mean age, healthcare-workers years of expertise and the rate of hiring of Saudi female healthcare-givers. Methods: Cross sectional data of healthcare-workers from some health institutions in Najran city were collected by a simple questionnaire composed of personal data (such as age, gender, nationality, religion, qualification, major specialization and expertise in years). The questionnaire was distributed to 700 health working staff and the response rate was 73.6% (515 correctly filled questionnaire). Results: This study revealed that...
African Journal of Agricultural Research, Jul 31, 2008
The present study was designed to determine the length of postpartum interval (PPI) of some local... more The present study was designed to determine the length of postpartum interval (PPI) of some local Sudanese cows in South Darfur State namely Fellata, Kenana and cross bred cows (Kenana × Friesian). Furthermore the influence of body condition score (BCS) and parity on PPI was also investigated. In experiment 1 a total of 59 dairy cows that gave birth were employed to determine the length of PPI. The parity range of these cows was 1 to 5. Their BCS range was 2.5 to 4.The cows were grouped according to their breed into three groups. Group I was Kenana (n = 21), group II was Fellata (n = 17) and group III was cross-bred (n = 21).The PPI was recorded as the time elapse from parturition to the appearance of the first oestrous postpartum. The pure local cows of Fellata and Kenana had a significantly (p<0.001) longer PPI compared to cross-bred cows. The mean length of PPI of Kenana, Fellata and cross-bred cows were 286.9 ± 35.3, 246.3 ± 26.6 and 122.0 ±14.9 days respectively. No difference (p>0.05) in the PPI were found between Kenana and Fellata cows. Slight negative relation (R = 0.2) between BCS and the PPI was observed and parity did not influence PPI (R = 0.005), Experiment II was designed to study the influences of season on the PPI of the above mentioned cows. The PPI was compared among three groups of cows that gave birth in three different seasons. Group I was 18 cows that gave birth in summer (Kenana = 7, Fellata = 4 and cross-bred =7). Group II was 19 cows that gave birth in autumn (Kenana = 9, Fellata = 6 and cross-bred = 4) and group III was 31 cows gave birth in winter (Kenana = 13, Fellata = 11 and cross-bred = 7). The BCS and parity of these cows were similar to those of the above experiments. The results of this experiment showed that PPI of cross-bred cows was significantly ((p<0.001) shorter in summer. No difference (p>0.05) in the PPI of cross-bred cows that gave birth in autumn and winter was found. Neither the PPI of Kenana nor that of Fellata cows were influenced by the season (P>0.05). It is concluded that the Kenana and Fellata cows have a similarly long PPI that would not be influenced by season whereas the cross-bred cows have a short PPI which is influenced by summer only. Additionally BCS has slight influence on the PPI while parity has no effect on it.
African Journal of Biotechnology, Dec 29, 2008
Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction, 2018
Objective: To determine the effects of Calotropis procera latex on pubertal traits of immature ma... more Objective: To determine the effects of Calotropis procera latex on pubertal traits of immature male Wistar rats. Methods: A total of 30 immature male Wistar rats aged 3 weeks old were grouped randomly into 5 groups: group A (control group) was offered distilled water as a placebo; group B was daily oral dosed with suspension of Calotropis procera latex at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg BW, group C 10 mg/kg BW; group D 15 mg/kg BW and group E 20 mg/ kg BW. The rats were weighed daily to adjust the dose and record the BW changes, and the treatment continued for 4 weeks; thereafter, rats were sacrificed. Serum samples (n=30) were collected from all rats and kept frozen until assayed for reproductive hormones. Furthermore, the testes and epididymae were weighed; epididymal sperms were counted; sperm motility & abnormality were estimated; and histopathological sections of the testes were prepared. Results: The results of this study showed that oral dosing of immature male rats with Calotropis procera latex at doses rate 10 mg/kg BW significantly (P<0.05) reduced the growth rate, BW, testicular & epididymal weights, the level of most of reproductive hormones as well as the sperm traits examined; however, it significantly (P<0.05) augmented the abnormalities of spermatozoa and the seminiferous epithelium. Conclusions: Latex of Calotropis procera contains substances that have anti-androgenic activities and/or endocrine disrupting effects. If these substances are purified and identified, they can be used as male contraceptives.
PubMed, Dec 1, 1995
The influence of increasing the physical electrofusion parameters, direct current (DC) pulse stre... more The influence of increasing the physical electrofusion parameters, direct current (DC) pulse strength, pulse duration, pulse number, alternating current (AC) voltage and alignment time, in electrolytes on the rates of fusion, degeneration and development of zona-free mouse 2-cell embryos were examined. Furthermore, the effects of physiological saline and mannitol as fusion media and various mouse strains were also evaluated. Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum was used as the main fusion solution. A significant increase in the rate of fusion (P < 0.05) was obtained by increasing pulse strength from 30 to 300 V/mm. The embryos fused at the pulse strengths of 30 to 70 V/mm had significantly higher development rates to blastocysts compared with those fused at 100 to 300 V/mm (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the rates of fusion, degeneration and development to blastocysts when the pulse duration was increased from 30 to 90 microseconds. Although fusion rates were increased (P < 0.05) by increasing the pulse number up to 4, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in development to blastocysts was observed when the pulse number was 5. Application of AC voltage prior to the DC pulse tended to increase the fusion rate (89.2-93.8%), compared with fusion with the DC pulse only (75.0%). Prolongation of alignment time from 5 to 15 sec had no effect on the fusion rate. Under the optimum conditions (2 pulses of DC of 70 V/mm, 70 microseconds pulse duration and AC of 5 V/mm for 5 sec), no significant difference was obtained in the fusion and development rates in different mouse strains, nor were fusion and development rates significantly different among PBS, physiological saline and mannitol solutions (P > 0.05).
Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Apr 6, 2014
This study was carried out to examine treatment of repeat breeder (RB) dairy cows with diluted Po... more This study was carried out to examine treatment of repeat breeder (RB) dairy cows with diluted Povidone iodine (2%). Sixty cross-bred dairy cows suffer repeat breeding were used to investigate the efficacy of intra-uterine infusion of diluted Pvidone iodine for treatment of repeat breeding in dairy cows. Uterine swabs were collected from uteri of the candidate cows prior treatment. After bacterial culture the uteri of the selected cows were found mildly infected (subclinical endometritis). They were then divided randomly into three equal groups. Group A (n = 20 cows) was intra-uterine infused with 2% Povidone iodine 6 hours pre-insemination. Group B (n = 20 cows) was infused with the same solution 6 hours post-insemination. Group C (n = 20 cows) was left without treatment to serve as control. The potency and efficacy of diluted Povidone iodine to cure repeat breeding in dairy cows was evaluated by studying three parameters, the days open (DO), rate of service per conception and the calving interval (CI). The results of this study revealed that, the DO, rate of service per conception and CI were significantly (P<0.001) reduced by intra-uterine infusion of diluted Povidone solution 6 hours pre and post insemination as compared to the control. It is concluded that, the repeat breeding (RB) syndrome in cross-bred dairy cows is most likely to be due to sub-clinical endometritis of the reproductive tract as well as deficiency of Iodine. Furthermore, intra-uterine infusion of 2% Povidone iodine can be used successfully to improve the reproductive efficiency of RB dairy cows.
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 2014
This study was carried out to determine the impact of type of protein supplementation to the rati... more This study was carried out to determine the impact of type of protein supplementation to the ration on pubertal characteristics of male goat kids. Eighteen crossbred (Nubian × Saanen) weaned male goat kids were distributed to 3 ration groups. Group I (n=6) was kept on a ration supplemented with ground nut cakes, group II (n=6) on a ration supplemented with sesame cakes and group II (n=6) on a ration supplemented with cotton seed cakes. The pubertal traits studied were preputial separation, scrotal circumference at puberty, weight and age at puberty, ejaculate volume, individual motility percent and mass motility of semen, percentages of live and abnormal morphology spermatozoa and the concentration of spermatozoa. The results of this study revealed that only the pubertal body and the percentage of abnormal sperms were significantly influenced (p˂0.05) with protein type.The least pubertal body weights and the high percentages of abnormal sperms were recorded in male goats kept on a ration supplemented with cotton seed cakes. Although the scrotal circumference was the least in the group fed on cotton seed cake based ration, it was not significantly (p˃0.05) different from that of the other groups. It is concluded that the pubertal traits of male goat kids kept on rations supplemented with groundnut, sesame, or cotton seed cakes are nearly similar. However, cotton seed cakes supplementation to the ration of growing male goat kids reduces the pubertal body weight and increases the percentage of abnormal sperms.
Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction, May 1, 2016
Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction, Sep 1, 2016
Abstract Objective To investigate the effects of supplementation of potassium bromate (KBrO 3 ) t... more Abstract Objective To investigate the effects of supplementation of potassium bromate (KBrO 3 ) to drinking water on the growth rate, pubertal weight, testis & epididymal weights and testicular histology of growing male rats. Methods Thirty male Wizard rat [age = 21 d, mean BW = (40.0 ± 5.3) g] were used. The rats were grouped into 5 treatment groups each group consist of 6 rats. T 1 was offered drinking water supplemented with 100 mg, T 2 200 mg, T 3 300 mg, T 4 400 mg/L KBrO 3 for the duration of the experiment, while the control group was offered KBrO 3 free water. The BW weights were taken weekly. Eight weeks after treatment the rats were sacrificed, testes & epididymae were excised and weighted. The testes were fixed and histopathological sections of 5–6 μm were made, stained with H & E and examined under light microscope. Results The results showed that the growth rate, pubertal weight, testes & epididymal weights and testicular histology of growing male rats were significantly ( P 3 supplementation to drinking water. The growth rate of the control group and T 1 (100 mg/L KBrO 3 ) fit well a sigmoid pattern growth curve and no differences in their growth rates were recorded, while the sigmoid pattern of the growth curves of treatment T 2 , T 3 and T 4 was disrupted. No difference ( P > 0.05) in BW between the control and T 1 was recorded. However, it is clear that T 2 , T 3 and T 4 significantly ( P P 3 to drinking water caused serious changes in testicular tissue of the rats. The treatment rats' testes had distorted or even collapsed seminiferous tubules and narrow interstitial spaces. Upon magnification the seminiferous tubules appeared very narrow, mostly devoid of spermatogenesis and with no sperms. Conclusion Exposure of prepubertal rats to KBrO 3 retards their growth, causes testicular hypoplasia and impairs spermatogenesis, which is a predictor of infertility or even sterility in the future.
Animal Reproduction Science, Aug 1, 1997
Pronuclear stage embryos with intact (ZI), slit (ZS) or completely removed (ZF) zona pellucida we... more Pronuclear stage embryos with intact (ZI), slit (ZS) or completely removed (ZF) zona pellucida were encapsulated with an artificial zona pellucida (AZP) made of 1.5% sodium alginate. Embryos were cultured in KSOM medium with or without protein and their development in vitro to the blastocyst stage was recorded. AZP significantly (P < 0.05) improved the development of embryos to the blastocyst stage regardless of the presence of the natural zona pellucida. The encapsulated embryos developed at a higher rate (P < 0.05) in the absence of protein as compared with non-encapsulated embryos. Furthermore, the cell contacts at the 4-cell stage were significantly improved (P < 0.05) with encapsulation. AZP improved (P < 0.05) the development of pronuclear stage embryos with a slit zona pellucida to morula and blastocyst stages as compared with ZS embryos. It is concluded that AZP improves the in vitro development of pronuclear stage embryos with intact or completely removed zona pellucida as well as micromanipulated embryos to the blastocyst stage.
African Journal of Biotechnology, Aug 31, 2007
African Journal of Biotechnology, Dec 29, 2008
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2014
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 1997
The effects of different concentrations of etoposide and cycloheximide (ETO-CHXM), used for chemi... more The effects of different concentrations of etoposide and cycloheximide (ETO-CHXM), used for chemical enucleation of mouse oocytes, on polar body extrusion and chromatin expulsion were tested. The developmental ability of blastomeres of late 2-cell stage embryos fused to chemically enucleated oocytes of different ages or cytoplasts from different sources was also examined in vitro. Metaphase I oocytes cultured in different concentrations of ETO-CHXM (10-50 µg/ml each) extruded polar bodies at rates similar to those cultured without ETO-CHXM (58.5-65.9% and 64.6%, respectively). However, low percent of the oocytes (1.7-6.2%) expressed signs of meiotic perturbation, which was manifested by blebbing of the cytoplasmic membrane and extrusion of two or more polar bodylike fragments. Twenty-three percent of the chemically enucleated oocytes cultured in ETO-CHXM-free medium spontaneously fused to their polar bodies. The rates of total chromatin expulsion were similar when ETO-CHXM concentrations were 36 and 50 µg/ml (93.5 and 98%, respectively). The results also showed that the cleavage rates of reconstituted embryos were significantly (P<0.001) affected by the age of the chemically enucleated oocytes. Cytoplasts of bisected oocytes that matured in vivo supported the development of 31.7% of the reconstituted embryos to the blastocyst stage. However, both cytoplasts of chemically enucleated oocytes and in vitro matured oocytes did not support development to the blastocyst stage. A high percentage (85.5%) of the reconstituted embryos with chemically enucleated recipients displayed abnormality of the metaphase plate. These results suggest that concentrations of etoposide between 36 and 50 µg/ml are optimum for enucleation of mouse oocytes. Furthermore, increasing the age or reducing the cytoplasmic volume of the chemically enucleated oocytes did not improve the development of the reconstituted embryos to the blastocyst stage.-KEY WORDS: chemical enucleation, cytoplast source, mouse, reconstituted embryo.
Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 2006
This study was carried out to test the ability of sucrose-exposed chemically enucleated mouse ooc... more This study was carried out to test the ability of sucrose-exposed chemically enucleated mouse oocytes to support the development of reconstituted embryos in vitro. Cumulus-enclosed germinal-vesicle-stage mouse oocytes were matured in vitro to metaphase I stage and were chemically enucleated with 50 µg mL −1 etoposide in tissue culture medium 199. The chemically enucleated oocytes were grouped into two groups. Group I was exposed to 0.75 m sucrose and group II was not exposed to sucrose. The zonae pellucidae of the chemically enucleated oocytes were removed with acid Tyrode's solution (pH 2.7). They were then aggregated into couplets with karyoplasts from pronuclear-stage embryos using phytohemagglutinin-P. The couplets were electrically fused to form reconstituted embryos. The reconstituted embryos were activated with 7% ethanol and cultured in vitro in simplex optimisation medium to test their developmental ability to the blastocyst stage. Some of the reconstituted embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage were used for chromosome counts to test their ploidy. The results of the present study showed that chemically enucleated oocytes exposed to sucrose supported the development of reconstituted embryos to the blastocyst stage (21.5%), whereas those not exposed to sucrose did not. The chromosome counts showed that the reconstituted embryos had normal ploidy (40 chromosomes). It is concluded that sucrose exposure improves the quality of chemically enucleated mouse oocytes. Thus they can be used as recipients for mouse embryo cloning and nucleocytoplasmic interaction studies.
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 2014
This study was carried out to see whether the uteri of dairy cows suffering from repeat breeder s... more This study was carried out to see whether the uteri of dairy cows suffering from repeat breeder syndrome are infected with bacteria or not. Furthermore, the efficacy of intra-uterine infusion of diluted Lugol's iodine to treat this syndrome was tested by studying two reproductive traits, the rate of service per conception and the length of the days open (DO). Sixty cross-bred dairy cows that were diagnosed as repeat breeders were used. A transcervical guarded sterile disposable swabs were collected from the endometria of the cows. The swabs were transferred to sterile test tubes and were cultured aerobically onto a pre-equilibrated MacConkey blood agar within 2 hour of collection. The bacteria were identified based on the characteristic of the colonies, Gram-staining and their morphology. The bacterial growth was scored semi-quantitatively. The bacteriological examination revealed that the uteri of all the repeat breeder cows are infected. The cows were then distributed randomly to three groups, group A (n = 20 cows) was intra-uterine infused with 1% Lugol's iodine 6 hours pre-servicing, group B (n = 20 cows) was infused with the same solution 6 hours post-servicing and a control group (n = 20 cows) was serviced without treatment. Intra-uterine infusion of diluted Lugol's iodine 6 hours pre or post servicing significantly (P<0.001) reduced the rate of service per conception and the length of the DO compared to the control. It is concluded that, the repeat breeding syndrome in dairy cows, is most likely caused by sub-clinical endometritis and can be treated successfully with intra-uterine infusion of 1% Lugol's iodine.
Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, Nov 30, 1998
African Journal of Biotechnology, 2011
Sperm suspensions of 4 male mice (A, B, C and D), having an initial motility grade of 3.5 were us... more Sperm suspensions of 4 male mice (A, B, C and D), having an initial motility grade of 3.5 were used to examine the presence of DNA topoisomerase II (top 2) activity in sperm heads. The initial percentage motile of male A was 75%, male B was 80%, male C was 70% and male D was 60%. Top 2 activity was examined by testing the effect of etoposide (ETO), a specific top 2 blocker, on sperm motility, fertilizing ability and formation of the male pronuclei. Sperm suspension drops (0.5 ml) and fertilization drops (0.4 ml) were made from TYH medium with 50 µg/ ml ETO (treatments) or TYH without ETO (controls). Sperm suspensions were made from epididymal sperms of the above males in treatments and controls and incubated for 3 h. Mature mouse oocytes (n = 461) were co-cultured with capacitated sperms in the treatments fertilization drops for 5 h. Other oocytes (n= 437) were co-cultured with capacitated sperms in the controls fertilization drops. The oocytes were further cultured for 24 h in KSOM with ETO (for treatments) and KSOM without ETO (for controls). Six sperm motility indexes (SMI) for each male were recorded at 30 min interval according to the formula, SMI = (grade) 2 × % motile. The fertilization rates and nuclear events were assessed by observing the pronuclei under an inverted microscope and finding the sperm heads in whole mounts from the oocytes that failed to make pronuclei. The SMI of the treatments and the controls increased gradually and reached peak values after 2 h of incubation. No differences (p > 0.05) were observed among SMI of the treatments and the controls. However, treatment reduced (p < 0.05) the fertilization rate and completely inhibited the formation of the pronuclei. All the oocytes fertilized in treatments (n = 412) failed to form pronuclei and all had enlarged or decondensed sperm heads, whereas 92.6% of the oocytes fertilized in the controls (n= 378) had pronuclei and only 30 (7.4%) oocytes had enlarged or decondensed sperm heads. Neither sperm motility nor fertilization were inhibited with ETO. However, the formation of the pronuclei was blocked. It was concluded that ETO has no effect on sperm capacitation and top 2 activity appears in mouse sperm heads after oocyte penetration.
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 2013
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of infusion of 1% Lugol ʼ s iodine into infec... more This study was conducted to investigate the effects of infusion of 1% Lugol ʼ s iodine into infected uteri of postpartum (PP) dairy cows on uterine involution (UI), appearance of the first dominant follicle (DF), recrudescence of the first oestrus (FO), days open (DO), rate of service per conception and calving interval (CI). Forty dairy cows that were diagnosed with severe uterine bacterial infection during early PP were divided randomly into two equal groups: A (n = 20 cows) and B (n = 20 cows). Group A was intra-uterine infused with 1% Lugol's iodine on day 5 PP. Group B was left untreated, to serve as a control. The result showed that infusion of 1% Lugol's iodine significantly (P<0.001) reduced, the time to complete UI by 16 days, appearance of the first DF by 2.7 days, resumption of FO by 91 days, DO by 160 day, rate of service by 3.4 and CI by 151 days, compared to the untreated control group. It is concluded that intra-uterine infusion of 1% Lugolʼs iodine improves the reproductive traits of cows with severe uterine bacterial infection.
Journal of Health Informatics in Developing Countries, 2018
Background: Saudization achieved limited success in private Saudi firms; nevertheless, it can ach... more Background: Saudization achieved limited success in private Saudi firms; nevertheless, it can achieve great success in the healthcare sector if there is sustainable graduation and training of Saudi healthcare-providers. Objectives: This study analyzed the structure of the healthcare workforce of some healthcare institutions in Najran city to know the rate of Saudization in the healthcare sector, the healthcare-workers qualification, healthcare-workers mean age, healthcare-workers years of expertise and the rate of hiring of Saudi female healthcare-givers. Methods: Cross sectional data of healthcare-workers from some health institutions in Najran city were collected by a simple questionnaire composed of personal data (such as age, gender, nationality, religion, qualification, major specialization and expertise in years). The questionnaire was distributed to 700 health working staff and the response rate was 73.6% (515 correctly filled questionnaire). Results: This study revealed that...
African Journal of Agricultural Research, Jul 31, 2008
The present study was designed to determine the length of postpartum interval (PPI) of some local... more The present study was designed to determine the length of postpartum interval (PPI) of some local Sudanese cows in South Darfur State namely Fellata, Kenana and cross bred cows (Kenana × Friesian). Furthermore the influence of body condition score (BCS) and parity on PPI was also investigated. In experiment 1 a total of 59 dairy cows that gave birth were employed to determine the length of PPI. The parity range of these cows was 1 to 5. Their BCS range was 2.5 to 4.The cows were grouped according to their breed into three groups. Group I was Kenana (n = 21), group II was Fellata (n = 17) and group III was cross-bred (n = 21).The PPI was recorded as the time elapse from parturition to the appearance of the first oestrous postpartum. The pure local cows of Fellata and Kenana had a significantly (p<0.001) longer PPI compared to cross-bred cows. The mean length of PPI of Kenana, Fellata and cross-bred cows were 286.9 ± 35.3, 246.3 ± 26.6 and 122.0 ±14.9 days respectively. No difference (p>0.05) in the PPI were found between Kenana and Fellata cows. Slight negative relation (R = 0.2) between BCS and the PPI was observed and parity did not influence PPI (R = 0.005), Experiment II was designed to study the influences of season on the PPI of the above mentioned cows. The PPI was compared among three groups of cows that gave birth in three different seasons. Group I was 18 cows that gave birth in summer (Kenana = 7, Fellata = 4 and cross-bred =7). Group II was 19 cows that gave birth in autumn (Kenana = 9, Fellata = 6 and cross-bred = 4) and group III was 31 cows gave birth in winter (Kenana = 13, Fellata = 11 and cross-bred = 7). The BCS and parity of these cows were similar to those of the above experiments. The results of this experiment showed that PPI of cross-bred cows was significantly ((p<0.001) shorter in summer. No difference (p>0.05) in the PPI of cross-bred cows that gave birth in autumn and winter was found. Neither the PPI of Kenana nor that of Fellata cows were influenced by the season (P>0.05). It is concluded that the Kenana and Fellata cows have a similarly long PPI that would not be influenced by season whereas the cross-bred cows have a short PPI which is influenced by summer only. Additionally BCS has slight influence on the PPI while parity has no effect on it.