Adil Essarioui - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Adil Essarioui
Genetics and Molecular Biology
The genetic diversity between 23 Moroccan date palm cultivars collected from the National Palm Co... more The genetic diversity between 23 Moroccan date palm cultivars collected from the National Palm Collection at the INRA (National Agricultural Research Institute) experimental field in Zagora was assessed using SSR markers that are specifically designed for date palm. Among the 16 tested SSR, 13 were successfully amplified, and were selected to carry out this study. 208 bands were amplified, ranging from 10 to 25 bands per cultivar with an average of 16 alleles per cultivar. The value of heterozygosity of the studied markers ranged from 0.11 to 0.30. The pairwise genetic distances between those cultivars ranged from 0.06 to 0.46. The hierarchical cluster analysis distributed the 23 genotypes into four different groups of one to ten cultivars.
Plant Disease
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis is the causal agent of date palm vascular wilt, also known as... more Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis is the causal agent of date palm vascular wilt, also known as Bayoud disease. The infection by this soilborne fungus occurs through the root system and the pathogen subsequently establishes in the vascular tissue where growth and sporulation take place, leading to the blocking of conducting vessels and, ultimately, to palm death. The disease has constituted a veritable threat to date industry, killing more than 10 million palm trees since it was first reported in Morocco in the late 19th century (Sedra 2003). The pathogen has expanded its geographical range and was found in the neighboring countries of Algeria and Northern Mauritania (Sedra 2003). Like any other vascular plant wilt, the use of resistant varieties remains the most effective and sustainable control method against Bayoud. One major hurdle to breeding for resistant cultivars is a lack of understanding of the molecular basis that underlies the interactions between date palm and F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis. Because of the geographic confinement of the disease, only a few molecular-based studies on pathogen characterization and pathogenicity have been conducted at the inter
Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2018
A survey was conducted to determine the frequency of occurrence and population densities of plant... more A survey was conducted to determine the frequency of occurrence and population densities of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with citrus in six various regions of Morocco viz., Gharb, Loukkous, Moulouia, Haouz, Tadla et Souss-Massa. The citrus nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans was found in all citrus orchards surveyed. The greatest infestation was found in the Loukkous region of Morocco on the valancia-late variety grafted on the sour-orange. Two species of root-lesion nematodes Pratylenchus coffeae and P. vulnus were identified in all prospected regions except Tadla region. Results indicate that the percentage of soil and root samples infested by Pratylenchus spp. ranged from 15% in the Gharb to 66% in the Souss-Massa region. The genus Xiphinema was found in all the surveyed regions except the Haouz region. The highest percentage of infestation was found in the Loukkos region. Other plant-parasitic nematodes including, Tylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Paratylenchus and Tylenchorhyn...
The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is gram negative, xylem-inhabiting, devastating pathogen which c... more The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is gram negative, xylem-inhabiting, devastating pathogen which causes various diseases on more than 300 plant hosts. Given the recent confirmed findings of X. fastidiosa in the European Union, this bacterium is becoming a serious threat to the Moroccan agricultural sector. A survey was conducted during May-September 2015 on the presence of X. fastidiosa in several commercial groves, covering olive, citrus and grapevine growing areas. In a few trees, severe symptoms which could be associated to the bacterium were observed. A total of 900 samples of different crops from different regions were randomly collected: 220 olive trees (cv. Picholine Marocaine) from two regions, 410 citrus trees belonging to 7 different cultivars collected in 4 regions and 270 grapevine plants belonging to 6 different cultivars from 3 regions; all these samples were tested for the presence of X. fastidiosa by using an ELISA commercial kit. The obtained results did not show any...
Scientifica, 2021
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) inflorescence rot caused by Mauginiella scaettae poses a serio... more Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) inflorescence rot caused by Mauginiella scaettae poses a serious threat to date palm in Morocco. The present study aims to determine the antifungal activity of five plant extracts against M. scaettae, including Acacia cyanophylla, Cupressus atlantica, Eucalyptus torquata, Nerium oleander, and Schinus molle and link this effect to their content in phenolics and flavonoids, as well as their antioxidant properties. Plant extracts exhibited significant discrepancies regarding their antifungal activity ( p < 0.05 ). The extracts of E. torquata and C. atlantica had the strongest and dose-dependent manner inhibitory effect against mycelial growth and spore germination. E. torquata and S. molle caused the greatest sporulation reductions of about 88.05% and 36.11%, respectively. In addition, there were significant differences among the examined plant extracts with respect to their total polyphenols (14.52–76.68 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoids (8.75–57.78 g RE/1...
Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2020
In Morocco, soils that are naturally suppressive to date palm Bayoud disease have long been disco... more In Morocco, soils that are naturally suppressive to date palm Bayoud disease have long been discovered. Although suppressiveness was attributed to biological activities of indigenous microbes, our knowledge on the specific mechanisms underpinning this property remains limited. In this study, we investigated nutrient competition between Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis, the causal agent of Bayoud disease, and saprophytic Fusarium as a factor of disease suppressiveness/conduciveness in suppressive and conducive soils. Growth of pathogenic and saprophytic Fusarium isolates from one suppressive and one conducive soils on 95 carbon sources was assessed. Fusarium isolates exhibited distinct nutrient use profiles and varied significantly with soil in carbon utilization. Isolates from the suppressive soil had significantly the greatest resource use efficiency, followed by the pathogenic isolates that grew significantly faster than the isolates from the conducive soil. Data on nutrient ni...
Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2018
Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2018
Sugar beet is the most important sugar crop in Morocco. The main production areas of sugar beet a... more Sugar beet is the most important sugar crop in Morocco. The main production areas of sugar beet are Doukkala, Tadla, Gharb, and Moulouya. Rhizomania, caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV, genus Benyvirus), was first described in Italy and has spread in most sugar beet-growing areas of the world within a few decades. In the Tadla region, Rhizomania is one of the major phytosanitary problems for the sugar-beet industry. In 2010, five isolates from different locations in the Tadla region were collected for molecular characterization studies by sequencing the coat protein gene (CPg). The obtained results showed that all the sequenced isolates were in the B type of BNYVV and revealed the highest nucleotide similarity with the Belgian isolate B2 (AY696077), with a sequence homology of 100%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular characterization of BNYVV isolates in Morocco. Keywords: Rhizomania, sugar beet, molecular characterization, coat protein gene, Mor...
Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2017
L'importance, la biologie et la gestion des nematodes a kyste des cereales (Heterodera spp.) ... more L'importance, la biologie et la gestion des nematodes a kyste des cereales (Heterodera spp.) - revue bibliographique Les cereales sont exposees a des stress biotiques et abiotiques. Parmi les stress biotiques, les nematodes parasites des plantes jouent un role important dans la diminution du rendement des cultures. Les nematodes a kystes des cereales (CCNs) sont connus pour etre une contrainte majeure a la production de ble dans plusieurs parties du monde. Des pertes economiques considerables dues aux CCNs ont ete signalees. La reconnaissance et l'identification des CCNs sont un element important dans la gestion des nematodes. Cet article passe en revue la repartition actuelle des CCNs dans differentes parties du monde et les progres recents dans l'identification des nematodes. Les differentes approches de gestion des CCNs sont egalement discutees. Mots cles: Cereales, gestion, identification, nematodes a kystes Abstract Cereals are exposed to biotic and abiotic stress...
Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2017
Le ble dur ( Triticum turgidum var. Durum ) est une culture typiquement marocaine et importante, ... more Le ble dur ( Triticum turgidum var. Durum ) est une culture typiquement marocaine et importante, et regardee avec beaucoup d’interet dans le monde. Ce travail a pour objectif d’etudier l’influence de l’environnement et du fond genetique sur l’adaptation, le rendement et ses composantes ainsi que sur la qualite technologique de deux populations de ble dur (76 accessions et 120 lignees recombinees). Deux essais de genotypes ble dur ont ete installes dans deux stations experimentales de l’INRA a savoir Sidi El Aidi et Merchouch. Des observations concernant la croissance, le rendement et la qualite technologique du grain recolte ont ete effectuees et analysees. L’analyse en composantes principales (ACP) a permis de faire des groupes homogenes et des associations des caracteres de differentes accessions et RILs. L’analyse de certains aspects de qualite (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), Taux de Vitrosite (TV), Indice de Jaune (IJ) et Taux de Cendres (TC)) a permis elle aussi de deceler une v...
Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2018
Moroccan Journal of Chemistry, 2020
Date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) is an important food source and commercial perennial crop in ... more Date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) is an important food source and commercial perennial crop in the Sahara and North Africa. “Bayoud”, a vascular wilt disease, incited by the soilborne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (FOA), has become a serious threat to date production in date palm-growing regions in Morocco. Substantial body of research reported antifungal properties of a wide range of plant extracts. The present work aims to determine chemical composition and anti-FOA activity of Asteriscus graveolens (Forssk.) Less (AG) essential oil. GC/GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of forty-two distinct chemical components in the essential oil samples. The main compounds of the studied essential oils were 6-Oxocyclonerolidol (7.7–73.8%), cis-8-acetoxychrysanthenylacetate (0.6–50.1%) cis-chrysantenyl acetate (0.3–15.4%), 6-hydroxycyclonerolidol (2–13.3%), τ-cadinol (0.4–12.2%) and α-oxobisabolene (0.2–5.5%). Mycelial growth and spore germination of FOA were found to ...
Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2020
Résumé Des prospections ont été réalisées dans la région de Souss-Massa en vue d’évaluer la diver... more Résumé Des prospections ont été réalisées dans la région de Souss-Massa en vue d’évaluer la diversité et l’incidence des principaux nématodes associés à la culture du framboisier. Des échantillons de sol ont été prélevés au niveau des serre de framboise situées dans les provinces de Biogra, Khmis Ait Amira et Belfaa. Douze genres de nématodes phytoparasites ont été identifiés sur framboisier. Les trois genres, Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus et Helicotylenchus sont les plus fréquents dans la totalité des échantillons analysés. Les espèces suivantes ont été identifiées parmi des spécimens choisis au hasard: Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne incognita, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus thornei et ditylenchus dipsaci. La densité moyenne des Meloidogyne et Pratylenchus ne dépasse pas les 4 nématodes par 100 cm3 de sol dans les trois provinces. Cette densité reste sous le seuil de nuisibilité. Les nématodes ectoparasites, Xiphinema spp., Longidorus spp. et Trichodorus spp. ont été très faib...
Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2016
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Snyd. et Hans. ( Fol ) is a soil-borne plant pathogen that ... more Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Snyd. et Hans. ( Fol ) is a soil-borne plant pathogen that causes wilt in tomato plants and threatens tomato industry worldwide. Successful plant infection and tissue colonization by Fol is an active process that involves a variety of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDE), regulation of nutrient metabolism, and secretion of effectors to suppress and/or overcome the physical basal defense in tomato plants. Three effector-encoding avirulence genes have been identified and their combinations in the genome of Fol determine the 3 races of the pathogen. Avirulence genes and other pathogenicity factors are assembled in a lineage-specific genomic region, including 4 entire chromosomes that Fol acquired probably by horizontal gene transfer from other closely related species. In the course of co-evolution with Fol , tomato evolved 3 resistance genes to counteract pathogen effector-triggered disease. The interaction between tomato and Fol has become a model s...
Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2018
Le «Bayoud», fusariose vasculaire du palmier dattier, est une maladie seculaire sevissant dans le... more Le «Bayoud», fusariose vasculaire du palmier dattier, est une maladie seculaire sevissant dans les oasis marocaines. L’importance strategique de la phoeniciculture dans l’agriculture oasienne booste son intensification par la creation de nouveaux projets d’investissement sur des terrains potentiellement indemnes du Bayoud, mais proches de zones contaminees. La reussite de ces investissements requiert des mesures drastiques de prophylaxie et d’exclusion de l’agent pathogene. Dans ce travail, nous resumons les principaux acquis de recherche pouvant etayer cet effort, nous faisons une analyse de la situation epidemiologique du Bayoud au Maroc, et nous apportons une vision de gestion integree basee sur la detection precoce, la cartographie, et la resistance genetique pour limiter l’expansion de la maladie et securiser les investissements dans les nouvelles aires d’extension de culture du palmier dattier. Mots cles: Palmier dattier, Bayoud, detection precoce, cartographie, resistance gen...
Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2017
Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2019
Plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) are one of the major biological constraints in various economical... more Plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) are one of the major biological constraints in various economically important crops across the world. The use of nematicides as an effective means for the control of PPN can be environmentally hazardous. Alternatively, the utilization of organic amendments has been proposed as a suitable and economically feasible method for managing plant parasitic nematodes. In this review we provide information from across multiple studies on the use of soil organic amendment as a promising approach for suppressing plant parasitic nematodes, enhancing plant productivity, and promoting global food security.
The Plant Pathology Journal, 2018
Root-knot nematodes 'Meloidogyne spp' are the most destructive group of plant parasitic nematodes... more Root-knot nematodes 'Meloidogyne spp' are the most destructive group of plant parasitic nematodes causeing serious losses in vegetables crops and this damages worsened when crops grown under greenhouses conditions. In this sutdy, the distribution and characterization of root-knot nematode species collected from the Souss region of Morocco where vegetables crops intensively cultivated were determined by using both morphological and molecular tools. Out of the 110 samples collected from different greenhouses 91 (81.7%) were found to be infested with root-knot nematodes. Thirty-seven populations of root-knot nematodes were morphologically identified based on perineal patterns as well as molecularlly using species-specific primers. The obtained results indicated that Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita were identified in 86.4% and 13.5% of the total populations, respectively. The lowest incidence of root-knot nematodes (64%) was found in Toussous, whereas the highest frequencies of 100% and 90% were detected in Taddart and Biogra, respectively. As the majority of the samples have been infested with Meloidogyne species; this indicates that there is an urgent need to provide farmers with a proper control strategy.
Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2020
Background “Bayoud” disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa) poses a serious t... more Background “Bayoud” disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa) poses a serious threat to date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Morocco. However, research studies performed to discover biological methods to control this disease remain limited. The present study has set objectives to determine antifungal activity of five plants extracts (Acacia cyanophylla, Cupressus atlantica, Eucalyptus torquata, Nerium oleander, and Schinus molle) against Foa and link this effect to their content in polyphenols and flavonoids as well as their antioxidant properties. Results Plant extracts showed significant differences (p < 0.05) regarding their antifungal activity. The extracts of E. torquata and C. atlantica showed the strongest antifungal effect resulting in the inhibition of mycelial growth, sporulation, and spore germination in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, there were significant differences among the examined plant extracts in respect to their total polyphenols (1....
Genetics and Molecular Biology
The genetic diversity between 23 Moroccan date palm cultivars collected from the National Palm Co... more The genetic diversity between 23 Moroccan date palm cultivars collected from the National Palm Collection at the INRA (National Agricultural Research Institute) experimental field in Zagora was assessed using SSR markers that are specifically designed for date palm. Among the 16 tested SSR, 13 were successfully amplified, and were selected to carry out this study. 208 bands were amplified, ranging from 10 to 25 bands per cultivar with an average of 16 alleles per cultivar. The value of heterozygosity of the studied markers ranged from 0.11 to 0.30. The pairwise genetic distances between those cultivars ranged from 0.06 to 0.46. The hierarchical cluster analysis distributed the 23 genotypes into four different groups of one to ten cultivars.
Plant Disease
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis is the causal agent of date palm vascular wilt, also known as... more Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis is the causal agent of date palm vascular wilt, also known as Bayoud disease. The infection by this soilborne fungus occurs through the root system and the pathogen subsequently establishes in the vascular tissue where growth and sporulation take place, leading to the blocking of conducting vessels and, ultimately, to palm death. The disease has constituted a veritable threat to date industry, killing more than 10 million palm trees since it was first reported in Morocco in the late 19th century (Sedra 2003). The pathogen has expanded its geographical range and was found in the neighboring countries of Algeria and Northern Mauritania (Sedra 2003). Like any other vascular plant wilt, the use of resistant varieties remains the most effective and sustainable control method against Bayoud. One major hurdle to breeding for resistant cultivars is a lack of understanding of the molecular basis that underlies the interactions between date palm and F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis. Because of the geographic confinement of the disease, only a few molecular-based studies on pathogen characterization and pathogenicity have been conducted at the inter
Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2018
A survey was conducted to determine the frequency of occurrence and population densities of plant... more A survey was conducted to determine the frequency of occurrence and population densities of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with citrus in six various regions of Morocco viz., Gharb, Loukkous, Moulouia, Haouz, Tadla et Souss-Massa. The citrus nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans was found in all citrus orchards surveyed. The greatest infestation was found in the Loukkous region of Morocco on the valancia-late variety grafted on the sour-orange. Two species of root-lesion nematodes Pratylenchus coffeae and P. vulnus were identified in all prospected regions except Tadla region. Results indicate that the percentage of soil and root samples infested by Pratylenchus spp. ranged from 15% in the Gharb to 66% in the Souss-Massa region. The genus Xiphinema was found in all the surveyed regions except the Haouz region. The highest percentage of infestation was found in the Loukkos region. Other plant-parasitic nematodes including, Tylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Paratylenchus and Tylenchorhyn...
The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is gram negative, xylem-inhabiting, devastating pathogen which c... more The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is gram negative, xylem-inhabiting, devastating pathogen which causes various diseases on more than 300 plant hosts. Given the recent confirmed findings of X. fastidiosa in the European Union, this bacterium is becoming a serious threat to the Moroccan agricultural sector. A survey was conducted during May-September 2015 on the presence of X. fastidiosa in several commercial groves, covering olive, citrus and grapevine growing areas. In a few trees, severe symptoms which could be associated to the bacterium were observed. A total of 900 samples of different crops from different regions were randomly collected: 220 olive trees (cv. Picholine Marocaine) from two regions, 410 citrus trees belonging to 7 different cultivars collected in 4 regions and 270 grapevine plants belonging to 6 different cultivars from 3 regions; all these samples were tested for the presence of X. fastidiosa by using an ELISA commercial kit. The obtained results did not show any...
Scientifica, 2021
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) inflorescence rot caused by Mauginiella scaettae poses a serio... more Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) inflorescence rot caused by Mauginiella scaettae poses a serious threat to date palm in Morocco. The present study aims to determine the antifungal activity of five plant extracts against M. scaettae, including Acacia cyanophylla, Cupressus atlantica, Eucalyptus torquata, Nerium oleander, and Schinus molle and link this effect to their content in phenolics and flavonoids, as well as their antioxidant properties. Plant extracts exhibited significant discrepancies regarding their antifungal activity ( p < 0.05 ). The extracts of E. torquata and C. atlantica had the strongest and dose-dependent manner inhibitory effect against mycelial growth and spore germination. E. torquata and S. molle caused the greatest sporulation reductions of about 88.05% and 36.11%, respectively. In addition, there were significant differences among the examined plant extracts with respect to their total polyphenols (14.52–76.68 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoids (8.75–57.78 g RE/1...
Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2020
In Morocco, soils that are naturally suppressive to date palm Bayoud disease have long been disco... more In Morocco, soils that are naturally suppressive to date palm Bayoud disease have long been discovered. Although suppressiveness was attributed to biological activities of indigenous microbes, our knowledge on the specific mechanisms underpinning this property remains limited. In this study, we investigated nutrient competition between Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis, the causal agent of Bayoud disease, and saprophytic Fusarium as a factor of disease suppressiveness/conduciveness in suppressive and conducive soils. Growth of pathogenic and saprophytic Fusarium isolates from one suppressive and one conducive soils on 95 carbon sources was assessed. Fusarium isolates exhibited distinct nutrient use profiles and varied significantly with soil in carbon utilization. Isolates from the suppressive soil had significantly the greatest resource use efficiency, followed by the pathogenic isolates that grew significantly faster than the isolates from the conducive soil. Data on nutrient ni...
Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2018
Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2018
Sugar beet is the most important sugar crop in Morocco. The main production areas of sugar beet a... more Sugar beet is the most important sugar crop in Morocco. The main production areas of sugar beet are Doukkala, Tadla, Gharb, and Moulouya. Rhizomania, caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV, genus Benyvirus), was first described in Italy and has spread in most sugar beet-growing areas of the world within a few decades. In the Tadla region, Rhizomania is one of the major phytosanitary problems for the sugar-beet industry. In 2010, five isolates from different locations in the Tadla region were collected for molecular characterization studies by sequencing the coat protein gene (CPg). The obtained results showed that all the sequenced isolates were in the B type of BNYVV and revealed the highest nucleotide similarity with the Belgian isolate B2 (AY696077), with a sequence homology of 100%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular characterization of BNYVV isolates in Morocco. Keywords: Rhizomania, sugar beet, molecular characterization, coat protein gene, Mor...
Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2017
L'importance, la biologie et la gestion des nematodes a kyste des cereales (Heterodera spp.) ... more L'importance, la biologie et la gestion des nematodes a kyste des cereales (Heterodera spp.) - revue bibliographique Les cereales sont exposees a des stress biotiques et abiotiques. Parmi les stress biotiques, les nematodes parasites des plantes jouent un role important dans la diminution du rendement des cultures. Les nematodes a kystes des cereales (CCNs) sont connus pour etre une contrainte majeure a la production de ble dans plusieurs parties du monde. Des pertes economiques considerables dues aux CCNs ont ete signalees. La reconnaissance et l'identification des CCNs sont un element important dans la gestion des nematodes. Cet article passe en revue la repartition actuelle des CCNs dans differentes parties du monde et les progres recents dans l'identification des nematodes. Les differentes approches de gestion des CCNs sont egalement discutees. Mots cles: Cereales, gestion, identification, nematodes a kystes Abstract Cereals are exposed to biotic and abiotic stress...
Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2017
Le ble dur ( Triticum turgidum var. Durum ) est une culture typiquement marocaine et importante, ... more Le ble dur ( Triticum turgidum var. Durum ) est une culture typiquement marocaine et importante, et regardee avec beaucoup d’interet dans le monde. Ce travail a pour objectif d’etudier l’influence de l’environnement et du fond genetique sur l’adaptation, le rendement et ses composantes ainsi que sur la qualite technologique de deux populations de ble dur (76 accessions et 120 lignees recombinees). Deux essais de genotypes ble dur ont ete installes dans deux stations experimentales de l’INRA a savoir Sidi El Aidi et Merchouch. Des observations concernant la croissance, le rendement et la qualite technologique du grain recolte ont ete effectuees et analysees. L’analyse en composantes principales (ACP) a permis de faire des groupes homogenes et des associations des caracteres de differentes accessions et RILs. L’analyse de certains aspects de qualite (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), Taux de Vitrosite (TV), Indice de Jaune (IJ) et Taux de Cendres (TC)) a permis elle aussi de deceler une v...
Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2018
Moroccan Journal of Chemistry, 2020
Date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) is an important food source and commercial perennial crop in ... more Date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) is an important food source and commercial perennial crop in the Sahara and North Africa. “Bayoud”, a vascular wilt disease, incited by the soilborne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (FOA), has become a serious threat to date production in date palm-growing regions in Morocco. Substantial body of research reported antifungal properties of a wide range of plant extracts. The present work aims to determine chemical composition and anti-FOA activity of Asteriscus graveolens (Forssk.) Less (AG) essential oil. GC/GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of forty-two distinct chemical components in the essential oil samples. The main compounds of the studied essential oils were 6-Oxocyclonerolidol (7.7–73.8%), cis-8-acetoxychrysanthenylacetate (0.6–50.1%) cis-chrysantenyl acetate (0.3–15.4%), 6-hydroxycyclonerolidol (2–13.3%), τ-cadinol (0.4–12.2%) and α-oxobisabolene (0.2–5.5%). Mycelial growth and spore germination of FOA were found to ...
Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2020
Résumé Des prospections ont été réalisées dans la région de Souss-Massa en vue d’évaluer la diver... more Résumé Des prospections ont été réalisées dans la région de Souss-Massa en vue d’évaluer la diversité et l’incidence des principaux nématodes associés à la culture du framboisier. Des échantillons de sol ont été prélevés au niveau des serre de framboise situées dans les provinces de Biogra, Khmis Ait Amira et Belfaa. Douze genres de nématodes phytoparasites ont été identifiés sur framboisier. Les trois genres, Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus et Helicotylenchus sont les plus fréquents dans la totalité des échantillons analysés. Les espèces suivantes ont été identifiées parmi des spécimens choisis au hasard: Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne incognita, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus thornei et ditylenchus dipsaci. La densité moyenne des Meloidogyne et Pratylenchus ne dépasse pas les 4 nématodes par 100 cm3 de sol dans les trois provinces. Cette densité reste sous le seuil de nuisibilité. Les nématodes ectoparasites, Xiphinema spp., Longidorus spp. et Trichodorus spp. ont été très faib...
Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2016
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Snyd. et Hans. ( Fol ) is a soil-borne plant pathogen that ... more Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Snyd. et Hans. ( Fol ) is a soil-borne plant pathogen that causes wilt in tomato plants and threatens tomato industry worldwide. Successful plant infection and tissue colonization by Fol is an active process that involves a variety of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDE), regulation of nutrient metabolism, and secretion of effectors to suppress and/or overcome the physical basal defense in tomato plants. Three effector-encoding avirulence genes have been identified and their combinations in the genome of Fol determine the 3 races of the pathogen. Avirulence genes and other pathogenicity factors are assembled in a lineage-specific genomic region, including 4 entire chromosomes that Fol acquired probably by horizontal gene transfer from other closely related species. In the course of co-evolution with Fol , tomato evolved 3 resistance genes to counteract pathogen effector-triggered disease. The interaction between tomato and Fol has become a model s...
Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2018
Le «Bayoud», fusariose vasculaire du palmier dattier, est une maladie seculaire sevissant dans le... more Le «Bayoud», fusariose vasculaire du palmier dattier, est une maladie seculaire sevissant dans les oasis marocaines. L’importance strategique de la phoeniciculture dans l’agriculture oasienne booste son intensification par la creation de nouveaux projets d’investissement sur des terrains potentiellement indemnes du Bayoud, mais proches de zones contaminees. La reussite de ces investissements requiert des mesures drastiques de prophylaxie et d’exclusion de l’agent pathogene. Dans ce travail, nous resumons les principaux acquis de recherche pouvant etayer cet effort, nous faisons une analyse de la situation epidemiologique du Bayoud au Maroc, et nous apportons une vision de gestion integree basee sur la detection precoce, la cartographie, et la resistance genetique pour limiter l’expansion de la maladie et securiser les investissements dans les nouvelles aires d’extension de culture du palmier dattier. Mots cles: Palmier dattier, Bayoud, detection precoce, cartographie, resistance gen...
Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2017
Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 2019
Plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) are one of the major biological constraints in various economical... more Plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) are one of the major biological constraints in various economically important crops across the world. The use of nematicides as an effective means for the control of PPN can be environmentally hazardous. Alternatively, the utilization of organic amendments has been proposed as a suitable and economically feasible method for managing plant parasitic nematodes. In this review we provide information from across multiple studies on the use of soil organic amendment as a promising approach for suppressing plant parasitic nematodes, enhancing plant productivity, and promoting global food security.
The Plant Pathology Journal, 2018
Root-knot nematodes 'Meloidogyne spp' are the most destructive group of plant parasitic nematodes... more Root-knot nematodes 'Meloidogyne spp' are the most destructive group of plant parasitic nematodes causeing serious losses in vegetables crops and this damages worsened when crops grown under greenhouses conditions. In this sutdy, the distribution and characterization of root-knot nematode species collected from the Souss region of Morocco where vegetables crops intensively cultivated were determined by using both morphological and molecular tools. Out of the 110 samples collected from different greenhouses 91 (81.7%) were found to be infested with root-knot nematodes. Thirty-seven populations of root-knot nematodes were morphologically identified based on perineal patterns as well as molecularlly using species-specific primers. The obtained results indicated that Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita were identified in 86.4% and 13.5% of the total populations, respectively. The lowest incidence of root-knot nematodes (64%) was found in Toussous, whereas the highest frequencies of 100% and 90% were detected in Taddart and Biogra, respectively. As the majority of the samples have been infested with Meloidogyne species; this indicates that there is an urgent need to provide farmers with a proper control strategy.
Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2020
Background “Bayoud” disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa) poses a serious t... more Background “Bayoud” disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa) poses a serious threat to date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Morocco. However, research studies performed to discover biological methods to control this disease remain limited. The present study has set objectives to determine antifungal activity of five plants extracts (Acacia cyanophylla, Cupressus atlantica, Eucalyptus torquata, Nerium oleander, and Schinus molle) against Foa and link this effect to their content in polyphenols and flavonoids as well as their antioxidant properties. Results Plant extracts showed significant differences (p < 0.05) regarding their antifungal activity. The extracts of E. torquata and C. atlantica showed the strongest antifungal effect resulting in the inhibition of mycelial growth, sporulation, and spore germination in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, there were significant differences among the examined plant extracts in respect to their total polyphenols (1....