Adnan Bajwa - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Adnan Bajwa
African Journal of …, 2012
Harnai of Balochistan was detected by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Nineteen... more Harnai of Balochistan was detected by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Nineteen RAPD primers were initially applied and seventeen were chosen for further analysis, based on band pattern quality, reproducibility and presence of bands. An average of 92 RAPD fragments were obtained by using 17 primers and out of the 36 fragments (39.13%) illustrated monomorphism while, 56 bands (60.87%) were polymorphic in all the four sheep breeds. The number of bands amplified in all the sheep breeds ranged from 2 to 10. The highest number of polymorphic loci 40 was observed in the Mengali breed, while the lowest 28 was in Balochi. Further, 33 and 31 polymorphic loci were seen in Beverigh and Harnai breeds, respectively. The overall gene diversity was highest in the Mengali (0.1474) while the lowest in Balochi breed (0.0998). Results of genetic similarities showed closer proximity between Balochi and Beverigh (0.992), Balochi and Harnai (0.992), and between Beverigh and Harnai (0.996). The resemblance was observed between Mengali and Balochi (0.918), between Mengali and Beverigh breeds (0.931) and between Mengali and Harnai breeds (0.925).
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2000
& In this paper, we describe a novel approach to the study of problem solving involving the detai... more & In this paper, we describe a novel approach to the study of problem solving involving the detailed analysis of natural scanning eye movements during the``one-touch'' Tower-of-London (TOL) task. We showed subjects a series of pictures depicting two arrangements of colored balls in pockets within the upper and lower halves of a computer display. The task was to plan (but not to execute) the shortest movement sequence required to rearrange the balls in one half of the display (the Workspace) to match the arrangement in the opposite half (the Goalspace) and indicate the minimum number of moves required for problem solution. We report that subjects are more likely to look towards the Goalspace in the initial period after picture presentation, but bias gaze towards the Workspace during the middle of trials. Towards the end of a trial, subjects are once again more likely to fixate the Goalspace. This pattern is found regardless of whether the subjects solve problems by rearranging the balls in the lower or upper visual fields, demonstrating that this strategy correlates with discrete phases in problem solving. A second experiment showed that efficient planners direct their gaze selectively towards the problem critical balls in the Workspace. In contrast, individuals who make errors spend more time looking at irrelevant items and are strongly influenced by the movement strategy needed to solve the preceding problem. We conclude that efficient solution of the TOL requires the capacity to generate and flexibly shift between control sets, including those underlying ocular scanning. The role of working memory and the prefrontal cerebral cortex in the task are discussed. & D
Colorectal Disease, 2007
Objective Reports suggest that the rates of tuberculosis (TB) continue to rise in the UK and thr... more Objective Reports suggest that the rates of tuberculosis (TB) continue to rise in the UK and throughout the world. The spread of the disease is aided by poverty, overcrowding, co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus and drug resistance. Consistent with the overall trend, intra-abdominal and gastrointestinal (GI) TB rates are rising. Tuberculosis is a treatable disease, whether occurring in the lungs or at extra-pulmonary sites but the nonspecific features of the disease result in difficulty in establishing a diagnosis. In this report, we have concentrated on the benefits and potential pitfalls of diagnostic methods.Method A literature review was performed using the National Library of Medicine's Pubmed Database using the keywords diagnosis, management, abdominal and GI TB.Results Abdominal TB presents a particular challenge, as the diverse features of the disease do not readily suggest a particular diagnosis and diagnostic delays lead to significant morbidity and mortality. A number of investigative methods have been used to aid in the diagnosis of abdominal and GI TB.Conclusion The nonspecific presentation of abdominal and GI TB present challenges in the diagnosis of this increasingly common disease. A high index of suspicion is an important factor in early diagnosis. After a diagnosis has been established, prompt initiation of treatment helps prevent morbidity and mortality.
Ejso, 2009
To examine whether surgical resection of the primary tumour confers a survival benefit and to ide... more To examine whether surgical resection of the primary tumour confers a survival benefit and to identify the predictive factors of outcome in patients presenting with asymptomatic metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC).A review of a hospital database in a tertiary institution over a 6-year period (1999–2005) revealed 70 patients with asymptomatic primary CRC and unresectable liver metastases treated initially by systemic chemotherapy. A multivariate regression analysis model was used to determine the relative influence of multiple tumours, single/multiple liver metastases, tumour site, differentiation, response of liver and primary tumour to chemotherapy, biochemical response to chemotherapy, age at presentation, performance status and surgical intervention for the CRC primary.In 67 cases (3 lost to follow-up), 63 had multiple and 4 single surgically irresectable liver metastases. A total of 41 deaths were recorded. All patients received systemic chemotherapy and surgery was performed for bowel obstruction, bleeding or stable disease (n = 32). Surgery (OR 0.26; p = 0.00013) and clinical response of the primary tumour (OR 0.53; p = 0.012) were independently associated with prolonged survival. Proximal tumours (OR 2.61; p = 0.0075) and multiple primaries (OR 3.37; p = 0.02) were associated with poor outcome.Surgical resection and response of the primary tumour to chemotherapy may be associated with improved survival, but proximal or multiple cancers predict poor outcome in patients with asymptomatic CRC and unresectable metastatic disease.
… England Journal of …, 2008
We previously reported that, in a randomized trial, carotid stenting with the use of an emboli-pr... more We previously reported that, in a randomized trial, carotid stenting with the use of an emboli-protection device is not inferior to carotid endarterectomy for the treatment of carotid artery disease at 30 days and at 1 year. We now report the 3-year results.
European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 2008
Paraplegia secondary to spinal cord ischaemia is a rare but devastating complication of abdominal... more Paraplegia secondary to spinal cord ischaemia is a rare but devastating complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. We report a case of paraplegia following elective endovascular repair of an infrarenal aortic aneurysm. A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drain was immediately inserted and resulted in full neurological recovery. This case highlights the fact that endovascular techniques are prone to similar complications as open surgery, and the importance of prompt cerebrospinal fluid drainage in cases of spinal cord ischaemia.
Journal of cognitive …, 2004
Active vision is a dynamic process involving the flexible coordination of different gaze strategi... more Active vision is a dynamic process involving the flexible coordination of different gaze strategies to achieve behavioral goals. Although many complex behaviors rely on an ability to efficiently switch between gaze-control strategies, few studies to date have examined mechanisms of task level oculomotor control in detail. Here, we report five experiments in which subjects alternated between conflicting stimulus-saccade mappings within a block of trials. The first experiment showed that there is no performance cost associated with switching between pro and anti saccades. However, follow-up experiments demonstrate that whenever subjects alternate between arbitrary stimulus-saccade mappings, latency costs are apparent on the first trial after a task change. More detailed analysis of switch costs showed that latencies were particularly elevated for saccades directed toward the same location that had been the target for a saccade on the preceeding trial. This saccade "inhibition of return" effect was most marked when unexpected error feedbacks cued task switches, suggesting that saccade selection processes are modulated by reward. We conclude that there are two systems for saccade control that differ in their characteristics following a task switch. The "reflexive" control system can be enabled/disabled in advance of saccade execution without incurring any performance cost. Switch costs are only observed when two or more arbitrary stimulus-saccade mappings have to be coordinated by a "symbolic" control system.
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2005
Determinants involved in the activation and repression of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3) s... more Determinants involved in the activation and repression of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3) synthesis in renal cortex by changes in extracellular Ca were studied. Cortical kidney RNA isolated from hypocalcemic (LC) rats generated by a low Ca diet, and hypercalcemic (HC) rats generated by a normal Ca diet and two sequential 1 μg doses of 1,25(OH)2D3. Among the genes up-regulated were 1α-OHase (4.6-fold) in the LC group and high differential gene expression of VDR (4.0-fold) and 24-OHase (10.4-fold) in the HC group. Moreover, the exposure of renal cortex to LC versus HC conditions revealed a high differential expression of a PKA-dominated pathway involving CBP interacting protein, GATA-1 and CREB transcription factors in the LC model. In the HC model, elevated renal cortex gene expression of several growth factors, peptide receptors, and intracellular signaling molecules depicts a role for CaSR activation and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated gene activation and repression of 1α-OHase.
giswatch.org
freedom of expression Climate Change Tunisia freedom of association online revolution GISWatch su... more freedom of expression Climate Change Tunisia freedom of association online revolution GISWatch sustentabilidad ambiental Tecnología-basura electrónica colombia eco-efficiency E-waste Making technology greener internet rights Energy Green Economy news coverage
African Journal of …, 2012
Harnai of Balochistan was detected by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Nineteen... more Harnai of Balochistan was detected by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Nineteen RAPD primers were initially applied and seventeen were chosen for further analysis, based on band pattern quality, reproducibility and presence of bands. An average of 92 RAPD fragments were obtained by using 17 primers and out of the 36 fragments (39.13%) illustrated monomorphism while, 56 bands (60.87%) were polymorphic in all the four sheep breeds. The number of bands amplified in all the sheep breeds ranged from 2 to 10. The highest number of polymorphic loci 40 was observed in the Mengali breed, while the lowest 28 was in Balochi. Further, 33 and 31 polymorphic loci were seen in Beverigh and Harnai breeds, respectively. The overall gene diversity was highest in the Mengali (0.1474) while the lowest in Balochi breed (0.0998). Results of genetic similarities showed closer proximity between Balochi and Beverigh (0.992), Balochi and Harnai (0.992), and between Beverigh and Harnai (0.996). The resemblance was observed between Mengali and Balochi (0.918), between Mengali and Beverigh breeds (0.931) and between Mengali and Harnai breeds (0.925).
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2000
& In this paper, we describe a novel approach to the study of problem solving involving the detai... more & In this paper, we describe a novel approach to the study of problem solving involving the detailed analysis of natural scanning eye movements during the``one-touch'' Tower-of-London (TOL) task. We showed subjects a series of pictures depicting two arrangements of colored balls in pockets within the upper and lower halves of a computer display. The task was to plan (but not to execute) the shortest movement sequence required to rearrange the balls in one half of the display (the Workspace) to match the arrangement in the opposite half (the Goalspace) and indicate the minimum number of moves required for problem solution. We report that subjects are more likely to look towards the Goalspace in the initial period after picture presentation, but bias gaze towards the Workspace during the middle of trials. Towards the end of a trial, subjects are once again more likely to fixate the Goalspace. This pattern is found regardless of whether the subjects solve problems by rearranging the balls in the lower or upper visual fields, demonstrating that this strategy correlates with discrete phases in problem solving. A second experiment showed that efficient planners direct their gaze selectively towards the problem critical balls in the Workspace. In contrast, individuals who make errors spend more time looking at irrelevant items and are strongly influenced by the movement strategy needed to solve the preceding problem. We conclude that efficient solution of the TOL requires the capacity to generate and flexibly shift between control sets, including those underlying ocular scanning. The role of working memory and the prefrontal cerebral cortex in the task are discussed. & D
Colorectal Disease, 2007
Objective Reports suggest that the rates of tuberculosis (TB) continue to rise in the UK and thr... more Objective Reports suggest that the rates of tuberculosis (TB) continue to rise in the UK and throughout the world. The spread of the disease is aided by poverty, overcrowding, co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus and drug resistance. Consistent with the overall trend, intra-abdominal and gastrointestinal (GI) TB rates are rising. Tuberculosis is a treatable disease, whether occurring in the lungs or at extra-pulmonary sites but the nonspecific features of the disease result in difficulty in establishing a diagnosis. In this report, we have concentrated on the benefits and potential pitfalls of diagnostic methods.Method A literature review was performed using the National Library of Medicine's Pubmed Database using the keywords diagnosis, management, abdominal and GI TB.Results Abdominal TB presents a particular challenge, as the diverse features of the disease do not readily suggest a particular diagnosis and diagnostic delays lead to significant morbidity and mortality. A number of investigative methods have been used to aid in the diagnosis of abdominal and GI TB.Conclusion The nonspecific presentation of abdominal and GI TB present challenges in the diagnosis of this increasingly common disease. A high index of suspicion is an important factor in early diagnosis. After a diagnosis has been established, prompt initiation of treatment helps prevent morbidity and mortality.
Ejso, 2009
To examine whether surgical resection of the primary tumour confers a survival benefit and to ide... more To examine whether surgical resection of the primary tumour confers a survival benefit and to identify the predictive factors of outcome in patients presenting with asymptomatic metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC).A review of a hospital database in a tertiary institution over a 6-year period (1999–2005) revealed 70 patients with asymptomatic primary CRC and unresectable liver metastases treated initially by systemic chemotherapy. A multivariate regression analysis model was used to determine the relative influence of multiple tumours, single/multiple liver metastases, tumour site, differentiation, response of liver and primary tumour to chemotherapy, biochemical response to chemotherapy, age at presentation, performance status and surgical intervention for the CRC primary.In 67 cases (3 lost to follow-up), 63 had multiple and 4 single surgically irresectable liver metastases. A total of 41 deaths were recorded. All patients received systemic chemotherapy and surgery was performed for bowel obstruction, bleeding or stable disease (n = 32). Surgery (OR 0.26; p = 0.00013) and clinical response of the primary tumour (OR 0.53; p = 0.012) were independently associated with prolonged survival. Proximal tumours (OR 2.61; p = 0.0075) and multiple primaries (OR 3.37; p = 0.02) were associated with poor outcome.Surgical resection and response of the primary tumour to chemotherapy may be associated with improved survival, but proximal or multiple cancers predict poor outcome in patients with asymptomatic CRC and unresectable metastatic disease.
… England Journal of …, 2008
We previously reported that, in a randomized trial, carotid stenting with the use of an emboli-pr... more We previously reported that, in a randomized trial, carotid stenting with the use of an emboli-protection device is not inferior to carotid endarterectomy for the treatment of carotid artery disease at 30 days and at 1 year. We now report the 3-year results.
European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 2008
Paraplegia secondary to spinal cord ischaemia is a rare but devastating complication of abdominal... more Paraplegia secondary to spinal cord ischaemia is a rare but devastating complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. We report a case of paraplegia following elective endovascular repair of an infrarenal aortic aneurysm. A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drain was immediately inserted and resulted in full neurological recovery. This case highlights the fact that endovascular techniques are prone to similar complications as open surgery, and the importance of prompt cerebrospinal fluid drainage in cases of spinal cord ischaemia.
Journal of cognitive …, 2004
Active vision is a dynamic process involving the flexible coordination of different gaze strategi... more Active vision is a dynamic process involving the flexible coordination of different gaze strategies to achieve behavioral goals. Although many complex behaviors rely on an ability to efficiently switch between gaze-control strategies, few studies to date have examined mechanisms of task level oculomotor control in detail. Here, we report five experiments in which subjects alternated between conflicting stimulus-saccade mappings within a block of trials. The first experiment showed that there is no performance cost associated with switching between pro and anti saccades. However, follow-up experiments demonstrate that whenever subjects alternate between arbitrary stimulus-saccade mappings, latency costs are apparent on the first trial after a task change. More detailed analysis of switch costs showed that latencies were particularly elevated for saccades directed toward the same location that had been the target for a saccade on the preceeding trial. This saccade "inhibition of return" effect was most marked when unexpected error feedbacks cued task switches, suggesting that saccade selection processes are modulated by reward. We conclude that there are two systems for saccade control that differ in their characteristics following a task switch. The "reflexive" control system can be enabled/disabled in advance of saccade execution without incurring any performance cost. Switch costs are only observed when two or more arbitrary stimulus-saccade mappings have to be coordinated by a "symbolic" control system.
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2005
Determinants involved in the activation and repression of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3) s... more Determinants involved in the activation and repression of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3) synthesis in renal cortex by changes in extracellular Ca were studied. Cortical kidney RNA isolated from hypocalcemic (LC) rats generated by a low Ca diet, and hypercalcemic (HC) rats generated by a normal Ca diet and two sequential 1 μg doses of 1,25(OH)2D3. Among the genes up-regulated were 1α-OHase (4.6-fold) in the LC group and high differential gene expression of VDR (4.0-fold) and 24-OHase (10.4-fold) in the HC group. Moreover, the exposure of renal cortex to LC versus HC conditions revealed a high differential expression of a PKA-dominated pathway involving CBP interacting protein, GATA-1 and CREB transcription factors in the LC model. In the HC model, elevated renal cortex gene expression of several growth factors, peptide receptors, and intracellular signaling molecules depicts a role for CaSR activation and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated gene activation and repression of 1α-OHase.
giswatch.org
freedom of expression Climate Change Tunisia freedom of association online revolution GISWatch su... more freedom of expression Climate Change Tunisia freedom of association online revolution GISWatch sustentabilidad ambiental Tecnología-basura electrónica colombia eco-efficiency E-waste Making technology greener internet rights Energy Green Economy news coverage