Adrian Renton - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Adrian Renton
British Journal of Healthcare Management, 2011
ABSTRACT The economic crisis and present government’s strategy on spending cuts have put pressure... more ABSTRACT The economic crisis and present government’s strategy on spending cuts have put pressure on public bodies to do ‘more with less’. With their pursuit of a balance between social and economic objectives, social enterprises have the potential to minimise costs for public sector service delivery and fulfil a number of other policy priorities. The coalition government suggests identifying the best social enterprises and then rolling out their innovative services across the country. However, nowhere is the social, environmental and health value created by social enterprises captured systematically and there is not a level playing field that enables comparison across different types of social enterprises. In this article, the State of Social Enterprise Survey 2009—one of the the largest surveys on social enterprises ever conducted in the UK—is used to discuss the extent of the uptake of impact measurement tools. Results from the survey show a poor use of these tools in the social enterprise sector overall, although health and social care social enterprises fare slightly better. Some policy implications are considered, particularly around the need to create a more appropriate, easy to use impact assessment tool and make sure that organisations are appropriately funded and encouraged to make use of it.
International Journal of Drug Policy, 2003
Emerging epidemics of HIV in Russia, India and China will largely determine the future course of ... more Emerging epidemics of HIV in Russia, India and China will largely determine the future course of the HIV pandemic. Injecting drug use has been a major source of new infections in these countries. The evolving role of injecting drug use and sexual transmission in driving these emerging epidemics is investigated using a mathematical model. HIV prevalence projections based on behavioural data for urban Russia result in a wide range of possible outcomes, reflecting uncertainty in estimates of adult sexual behaviour. Surveys of adult sexual behaviour in all the three countries are limited, and represent a research priority if the futures of these emerging epidemics are to be better understood. Analysis of behavioural correlates with adult HIV prevalence reveal the central role of unsafe sex in driving HIV prevalence, even among injecting drug users. However, needle sharing can also play a very significant role, particularly when the potential for heterosexual transmission is limited. These emerging epidemics are more likely to cross higher prevalence thresholds when there is extensive sexual mixing between sex workers and the general population, and to a certain extent between injecting drug users and non-users. Both types of sexual mixing have been documented in Russia, India and China. #
International journal of STD & AIDS
The features and clinical course of chronic balanitis in 5 patients are presented. In each case, ... more The features and clinical course of chronic balanitis in 5 patients are presented. In each case, histological examination of a cutaneous biopsy sample showed pronounced features of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In addition, HPV DNA was demonstrated in each biopsy specimen by a polymerase chain reaction and was found to be type 6 by Southern blot hybridization in 4 of the cases. Although the association of histological features of HPV infection with balanitis does not prove that HPV is causal, the failure to find other causes, the prolonged and distressing symptoms, and the ineffectiveness of topical steroids in improving symptoms, all suggest the importance of HPV infection. While effective treatment needs to be sought and developed, the response of one patient to oral isotretinoin suggests that this agent may be appropriate for a larger trial.
American journal of clinical pathology, 1994
Little is known of the in vivo role of the immune system in controlling human papillomavirus infe... more Little is known of the in vivo role of the immune system in controlling human papillomavirus infection in the genital tract. The authors have studied 125 closely monitored patients with genital warts. Of these 125 patients, wart regression was seen in 28 patients. This study provides evidence that clearance of human papillomavirus from the genital tract is characterized by an active cell-mediated immune response. Regressing warts (n = 14) contained significantly more T lymphocytes (P < .05, Wilcoxon rank sum test) and macrophages (P < .01) than did nonregressing controls (n = 14). CD4-positive lymphocytes predominated in regression, both within the wart stroma and the surface epithelium, where there was a significant change in the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ cells (P < .01). Lymphocytes in regression also showed greater expression of activation markers, and the majority were of the "antigen-experienced" phenotype. There was no difference in Langerhans cell numbers, alth...
International journal of STD & AIDS
One hundred and fifty women who attended a genitourinary medicine clinic and who required a specu... more One hundred and fifty women who attended a genitourinary medicine clinic and who required a speculum examination were investigated to determine the association between Chlamydia trachomatis and urethral symptoms and signs. Those who had taken antibiotics with anti-chlamydial activity within 3 months or those who were menstruating, pregnant or using an intrauterine contraceptive device were excluded. C. trachomatis infection of the urethra, or infection of the urethra and cervix together, combined with each separately, were strongly associated with > = 5 polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocytes per high-power field (x 1000) in a Gram-stained urethral smear (P < 0.00005 and P < 0.0005, respectively). This appeared not to arise from leucocyte contamination from the lower genital tract. However, C. trachomatis infection of the urethra was not associated with symptoms of dysuria or frequency. In conclusion, it seems likely that C. trachomatis infection of the urethra in women probably...
International journal of STD & AIDS
7 Genitourinary Medicine Services A Renton, S Hawkes, M Hickman, E Claydon, H Ward, D Taylor-Robi... more 7 Genitourinary Medicine Services A Renton, S Hawkes, M Hickman, E Claydon, H Ward, D Taylor-Robinson 1 Summary This chapter addresses the need for ... Table 4: Initial contacts by KC60 diagnosis per 100000 population aged 16-64 in Z 2 yy 1990/91 3? HH* fii amy y" t ...
British Journal of Healthcare Management, 2011
ABSTRACT The economic crisis and present government’s strategy on spending cuts have put pressure... more ABSTRACT The economic crisis and present government’s strategy on spending cuts have put pressure on public bodies to do ‘more with less’. With their pursuit of a balance between social and economic objectives, social enterprises have the potential to minimise costs for public sector service delivery and fulfil a number of other policy priorities. The coalition government suggests identifying the best social enterprises and then rolling out their innovative services across the country. However, nowhere is the social, environmental and health value created by social enterprises captured systematically and there is not a level playing field that enables comparison across different types of social enterprises. In this article, the State of Social Enterprise Survey 2009—one of the the largest surveys on social enterprises ever conducted in the UK—is used to discuss the extent of the uptake of impact measurement tools. Results from the survey show a poor use of these tools in the social enterprise sector overall, although health and social care social enterprises fare slightly better. Some policy implications are considered, particularly around the need to create a more appropriate, easy to use impact assessment tool and make sure that organisations are appropriately funded and encouraged to make use of it.
International Journal of Drug Policy, 2003
Emerging epidemics of HIV in Russia, India and China will largely determine the future course of ... more Emerging epidemics of HIV in Russia, India and China will largely determine the future course of the HIV pandemic. Injecting drug use has been a major source of new infections in these countries. The evolving role of injecting drug use and sexual transmission in driving these emerging epidemics is investigated using a mathematical model. HIV prevalence projections based on behavioural data for urban Russia result in a wide range of possible outcomes, reflecting uncertainty in estimates of adult sexual behaviour. Surveys of adult sexual behaviour in all the three countries are limited, and represent a research priority if the futures of these emerging epidemics are to be better understood. Analysis of behavioural correlates with adult HIV prevalence reveal the central role of unsafe sex in driving HIV prevalence, even among injecting drug users. However, needle sharing can also play a very significant role, particularly when the potential for heterosexual transmission is limited. These emerging epidemics are more likely to cross higher prevalence thresholds when there is extensive sexual mixing between sex workers and the general population, and to a certain extent between injecting drug users and non-users. Both types of sexual mixing have been documented in Russia, India and China. #
International journal of STD & AIDS
The features and clinical course of chronic balanitis in 5 patients are presented. In each case, ... more The features and clinical course of chronic balanitis in 5 patients are presented. In each case, histological examination of a cutaneous biopsy sample showed pronounced features of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In addition, HPV DNA was demonstrated in each biopsy specimen by a polymerase chain reaction and was found to be type 6 by Southern blot hybridization in 4 of the cases. Although the association of histological features of HPV infection with balanitis does not prove that HPV is causal, the failure to find other causes, the prolonged and distressing symptoms, and the ineffectiveness of topical steroids in improving symptoms, all suggest the importance of HPV infection. While effective treatment needs to be sought and developed, the response of one patient to oral isotretinoin suggests that this agent may be appropriate for a larger trial.
American journal of clinical pathology, 1994
Little is known of the in vivo role of the immune system in controlling human papillomavirus infe... more Little is known of the in vivo role of the immune system in controlling human papillomavirus infection in the genital tract. The authors have studied 125 closely monitored patients with genital warts. Of these 125 patients, wart regression was seen in 28 patients. This study provides evidence that clearance of human papillomavirus from the genital tract is characterized by an active cell-mediated immune response. Regressing warts (n = 14) contained significantly more T lymphocytes (P < .05, Wilcoxon rank sum test) and macrophages (P < .01) than did nonregressing controls (n = 14). CD4-positive lymphocytes predominated in regression, both within the wart stroma and the surface epithelium, where there was a significant change in the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ cells (P < .01). Lymphocytes in regression also showed greater expression of activation markers, and the majority were of the "antigen-experienced" phenotype. There was no difference in Langerhans cell numbers, alth...
International journal of STD & AIDS
One hundred and fifty women who attended a genitourinary medicine clinic and who required a specu... more One hundred and fifty women who attended a genitourinary medicine clinic and who required a speculum examination were investigated to determine the association between Chlamydia trachomatis and urethral symptoms and signs. Those who had taken antibiotics with anti-chlamydial activity within 3 months or those who were menstruating, pregnant or using an intrauterine contraceptive device were excluded. C. trachomatis infection of the urethra, or infection of the urethra and cervix together, combined with each separately, were strongly associated with > = 5 polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocytes per high-power field (x 1000) in a Gram-stained urethral smear (P < 0.00005 and P < 0.0005, respectively). This appeared not to arise from leucocyte contamination from the lower genital tract. However, C. trachomatis infection of the urethra was not associated with symptoms of dysuria or frequency. In conclusion, it seems likely that C. trachomatis infection of the urethra in women probably...
International journal of STD & AIDS
7 Genitourinary Medicine Services A Renton, S Hawkes, M Hickman, E Claydon, H Ward, D Taylor-Robi... more 7 Genitourinary Medicine Services A Renton, S Hawkes, M Hickman, E Claydon, H Ward, D Taylor-Robinson 1 Summary This chapter addresses the need for ... Table 4: Initial contacts by KC60 diagnosis per 100000 population aged 16-64 in Z 2 yy 1990/91 3? HH* fii amy y" t ...