Afdel Karim - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Afdel Karim
On présente une nouvelle méthode d'évaluation et d'analyse de l'abondance et de la ré... more On présente une nouvelle méthode d'évaluation et d'analyse de l'abondance et de la répartition des squames par analyse de texture d'images numérisées. Les paramètres texturaux déduits des trois approches: globale, statistique et structurelle sont calculés. Pour déterminer les paramètres les plus susceptibles de représenter l'intensité et la qualité de la desquamation, une analyse en composante principale a été effectuée. Elle a permis d'extraire cinq paramètres pertinents. Cette approche est comparée à la méthode utilisée couramment qui détermine globalement l'intensité d'une desquamation (par transmission optique), sans tenir compte de la répartition des squames sur le prélèvement. On montre que l'utilisation du traitement d'images et de l'analyse de texture permet de quantifier de manière objective la perception visuelle que peuvent avoir les cliniciens quant à la qualité de la desquamation.
In recent years, adaptive learning systems rely increasingly on learning hierarchy to customize t... more In recent years, adaptive learning systems rely increasingly on learning hierarchy to customize the educational logic developed in their courses. Most approaches do not consider that the relationships of prerequisites between the skills are fuzzy relationships. In this article, we describe a new approach of a practical application of fuzzy logic techniques to the construction of learning hierarchies. For this, we use a learning hierarchy predefined by one or more experts of a specific field. However, the relationships of prerequisites between the skills in the learning hierarchy are not definitive and they are fuzzy relationships. Indeed, we measure relevance degree of all relationships existing in this learning hierarchy and we try to answer to the following question: Is the relationships of prerequisites predefined in initial learning hierarchy are correctly established or not?
The distance learning platforms are increasingly used in universities, colleges and companies see... more The distance learning platforms are increasingly used in universities, colleges and companies seeking effective and continuous training of their employees without constraint of time and space. The effectiveness of such a learning system depends mainly on the degree of information assimilated by the learner at the end of training. In this article, we focus on the implementation of a system for measuring competence for computer sciences. This system uses the model of item response theory. The results provided by this system are presented to the student, as a dashboard. They will allow the teacher or tutor to have the necessary elements to monitor their learning by identifying the causes blocking and checking its achievements. This system can also help to improve the recruitment process of companies using it in a near-selection process of candidates for jobs.
ABSTRACT In recent years, adaptive learning systems rely increasingly on concept maps to customiz... more ABSTRACT In recent years, adaptive learning systems rely increasingly on concept maps to customize the educational logic developed in their courses. Most approaches do not take into account the possibility of combining the concept maps predefined by experts of field and those developed automatically using the Fuzzy Sets Theory. In this article, we present a hybrid approach using on the one hand the feedback from experts of domain to select, prioritize relevant concepts and create prerequisite relationships to get the initial concept map, on the other hand we use the fuzzy logic to measure relevance degree of all relationships existing in this concept map, these links are considered as fuzzy relationships. With this approach we got two types of prerequisite relationships between concepts, the first type can be classified as relationships correctly established by the expert. These relationships must be kept in the final concept map. The second type can be considered as relationships incorrectly stablished by the expert, because the concepts involved in these relationships are independent, in this case these relations must be deleted or substituted with the inverse of the original relations, or because the items used in evaluations of these concepts, connected by erroneous relations, are inappropriate and must to be reviewed.
The domain model is one of the important components used by adaptive learning systems to automati... more The domain model is one of the important components used by adaptive learning systems to automatically generate customized courses for the learners. In this paper our contribution is to propose a new tool for implementation of a domain model based on fuzzy relationships among concepts. This tool allows the experts and teachers to find the best parameters in order to adapt the learners' differences.
2013 ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA), 2013
It is no coincidence that distance learning platforms are increasingly used in universities, coll... more It is no coincidence that distance learning platforms are increasingly used in universities, colleges and companies seeking effective and continuous training of their employees without constraint of time and space. The effectiveness of such a learning system depends mainly on the degree of information assimilated by the learner at the end of training. In this article, we focus on the implementation of a system for measuring competence for computer sciences. This system uses the model of item response theory. The results provided by this system are presented to the student, as a dashboard. They will allow the teacher or tutor to have the necessary elements to monitor their learning by identifying the causes blocking and checking its achievements. This system can also help to improve the recruitment process of companies using it in a near-selection process of candidates for jobs.
2013 8th International Conference on Intelligent Systems: Theories and Applications (SITA), 2013
ABSTRACT The distance learning platforms are increasingly used in universities, colleges and comp... more ABSTRACT The distance learning platforms are increasingly used in universities, colleges and companies seeking effective and continuous training of their employees without constraint of time and space. The effectiveness of such a learning system depends mainly on the degree of information assimilated by the learner at the end of training. In this article, we focus on the implementation of a system for measuring competence for computer sciences. This system uses the model of item response theory. The results provided by this system are presented to the student, as a dashboard. They will allow the teacher or tutor to have the necessary elements to monitor their learning by identifying the causes blocking and checking its achievements. This system can also help to improve the recruitment process of companies using it in a near-selection process of candidates for jobs.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1994
EGF is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation in normal as well as in neoplastic tissue... more EGF is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation in normal as well as in neoplastic tissues. The A431 cells that over-express EGFR, display in vitro ambivalent growth properties in response to EGF, since stimulation induced by low concentrations (10(-12) M-10(-10) M) is reversed with increasing concentrations (10(-9) M-10(-8) M). To assess differential mechanisms of signal transduction that determine growth stimulatory and inhibitory activity, we have studied the MAP kinase activation induced by mitotic and antimitotic concentrations of EGF. We demonstrate that the presence of a growth stimulatory concentration of EGF (10(-12) M) leads to a moderate but persistent activation of p42 MAP kinase during all the time of the EGF treatment. Conversely, an early peak of kinase activation that rapidly falls down below the basal level, is observed when a growth inhibitory concentration of EGF (10(-8) M) is used. Moreover, the addition of Na-orthovanadate in 10(-8) M EGF-treated cells leads to the rescue of the MAP kinase activity, suggesting that the loss of kinase activity induced by growth inhibitory EGF concentrations involves the dephosphorylation of the MAP kinase. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the dual effect (stimulator/inhibitor) of EGF on the proliferation of A431 cells is associated to differential mechanisms of p42 MAP kinase regulation.
International Journal of Computer Applications, Feb 18, 2015
ABSTRACT The development of technologies of multimedia, linked to that of Internet and democratiz... more ABSTRACT The development of technologies of multimedia, linked to that of Internet and democratization of high speed, has made henceforth E-learning possible for learners being in virtual classes and geographically distributed. One benefit to taking course online is that the online course structure is typically more student focused than teacher centered and encouraging more active participation by students in collaborative learning activities. The quality and quantity of asynchronous and synchronous communications are the key elements for E-learning success. A potential problem that has received little exploration is student's feeling of isolation. It is important to have a propitious supervision to breaking down learner feeling isolation in E learning environment. This feeling of isolation is among the main causes of loss and high rates of dropout in E-learning. It impacts on their levels of participation, satisfaction and learning. To overcome this feeling of isolation, we aim, by this research, to provide the trainer and each learner with an environment allowing them to behave as if being face to face; in other words, to approach the pedagogy of classroom teaching. Our contribution to reduce the feeling of isolation is to ensure the presence of the teacher in the educational tools. These tools aim to establish a real dialogue with the learner, forcing him to take an active part in their learning. Among the tools we offer, video conference Openmeeting integrated in Moodle providing the possibility of using the notion of class and whiteboard, the indicator of motivation quantification tool based hand gesture that we developed and finally social networks web 2. 0 like Facebook, youtube, twitter… to promote collaboration, sharing and communication of the learner with his peers.
Traitement du Signal
L'estimation quantitative des autoradiogrammes par une somme de gaussiennes est une approche ... more L'estimation quantitative des autoradiogrammes par une somme de gaussiennes est une approche très utilisée . Elle est rendue possible grâce au développement des méthodes densimétriques utilisables après digitalisation de l'image d'autoradiographie du gel . La métrologie apportée par l'analyse et le traitement d'images permet d'éliminer les appréciations subjectives visuelles et humaines . Plusieurs études ont été réalisées sur ce sujet. Notre contribution consiste à valider cet approche par son application à des fragments d'ARN de tailles très proches . Nous montrons qu'il est possible d'évaluer directement par le calcul le niveau d'expression d'ARN dans une configuration 'expérience déterminée, évaluation très difficile à obtenir par d'autres méthodes .
The development of technologies of multimedia, linked to that of Internet and democratization of ... more The development of technologies of multimedia, linked to that of Internet and democratization of high outflow, has made henceforth E-learning possible for learners being in virtual classes and geographically distributed. The quality and quantity of asynchronous and synchronous communications are the key elements for E-learning success. It is important to have a propitious supervision to reduce the feeling of isolation in E-learning. This feeling of isolation is among the main causes of loss and high rates of stalling in E-learning. The researches to be conducted in this domain aim to bring solutions of convergence coming from real time image for the capture and recognition of hand gestures. These gestures will be analyzed by the system and transformed as indicator of participation. This latter is displayed in the table of performance of the tutor as a curve according to the time. In case of isolation of learner, the indicator of participation will become red and the tutor will be in...
ABSTRACT The coagulation of milk is a process during which the milk that is liquid becomes a stro... more ABSTRACT The coagulation of milk is a process during which the milk that is liquid becomes a strong viscous. It is the first and most important stage in cheese industry. Among the methods more used to control the process of the milk coagulation, it is necessary to mention the method ultrasonic sound. This method permits followed it on-line of the coagulation but doesn't give some information on the manner with which takes place the coagulation and how propagates itself in volume. This coagulation can be homogeneous and or in heap what will have some consequences on the quality of the dairy product manufacture as cheese. For it we used the scan to follow the process of the coagulation in volume and the analysis of texture. A certain number of texture parameters have been found pertinently. Its can use to quantify homogeneity and the fineness of the process of milk's coagulation. The results obtained are potentially useful for the dairy industry and contribute to understand better the physicochemical process occurring during the milk gelation.
ABSTRACT The development of technologies of multimedia, linked to that of Internet and democratiz... more ABSTRACT The development of technologies of multimedia, linked to that of Internet and democratization of high outflow, has made henceforth E-learning possible for learners being in virtual classes and geographically distributed. The quality and quantity of asynchronous and synchronous communications are the key elements for E-learning success. It is important to have a propitious supervision to reduce the feeling of isolation in E-learning. This feeling of isolation is among the main causes of loss and high rates of stalling in E-learning. The researches to be conducted in this domain aim to bring solutions of convergence coming from real time image for the capture and recognition of hand gestures. These gestures will be analyzed by the system and transformed as indicator of participation. This latter is displayed in the table of performance of the tutor as a curve according to the time. In case of isolation of learner, the indicator of participation will become red and the tutor will be informed of learners with difficulties to participate during learning session.
ABSTRACT Key frame extraction methods select the most representative frames of a video, which can... more ABSTRACT Key frame extraction methods select the most representative frames of a video, which can be used in different areas of video processing such as video retrieval, video summary, and video indexing. In this paper we present a novel approach for extracting key frames from video sequences. The frame is characterized uniquely by his contours which are represented by the dominant blocks. These dominant blocks are located on the contours and its near textures. When the video frames have a noticeable changement, its dominant blocks changed, then we can extracte a key frame. The dominant blocks of every frame is computed, and then feature vectors are extracted from the dominant blocks image of each frame and arranged in a feature matrix. Singular Value Decomposition is used to calculate sliding windows ranks of those matrices. Finally the computed ranks are traced and then we are able to extract key frames of a video. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is robust against a large range of digital effects used during shot transition.
ABSTRACT Quantitative estimation of one dimensionnal autoradiography film density profiles that a... more ABSTRACT Quantitative estimation of one dimensionnal autoradiography film density profiles that are generated in gel electrophoresis of radioactive proteins and nucleic acids is a very used approach . Several studies have been realized on this subject . They operate on the optical density values acquired by CCD cameras . These operations include smoothing of mesuring values, background correction, and integration of peak areas after sided fit of half gaussian profile to each band . Our contribution consists to validate this approach by its application to separate RNA fragments of very close size. We show that is possible to use this approach to evaluate directly the relative expression level of each RNA in a determined experiance configuration .
ABSTRACT The coagulation of milk is a process during which the milk that is liquid becomes a stro... more ABSTRACT The coagulation of milk is a process during which the milk that is liquid becomes a strong viscous. It is the first and most important stage in cheese industry. Among the methods more used to control the process of the milk coagulation, it is necessary to mention the method ultrasonic sound. This method permits followed it on-line of the coagulation but does not give some information on the manner with which takes place the coagulation and how propagates itself in volume. This coagulation can be homogeneous and or in heap what will have some consequences on the quality of the dairy product manufacture as cheese. For it we used the scan to follow the process of the coagulation in volume and the analysis of texture. A certain number of texture parameters have been found pertinently. Its can use to quantify homogeneity and the fineness of the process of milk's coagulation. The results obtained are potentially useful for the dairy industry and contribute to understand better the physicochemical process occurring during the milk gelation.
On présente une nouvelle méthode d'évaluation et d'analyse de l'abondance et de la ré... more On présente une nouvelle méthode d'évaluation et d'analyse de l'abondance et de la répartition des squames par analyse de texture d'images numérisées. Les paramètres texturaux déduits des trois approches: globale, statistique et structurelle sont calculés. Pour déterminer les paramètres les plus susceptibles de représenter l'intensité et la qualité de la desquamation, une analyse en composante principale a été effectuée. Elle a permis d'extraire cinq paramètres pertinents. Cette approche est comparée à la méthode utilisée couramment qui détermine globalement l'intensité d'une desquamation (par transmission optique), sans tenir compte de la répartition des squames sur le prélèvement. On montre que l'utilisation du traitement d'images et de l'analyse de texture permet de quantifier de manière objective la perception visuelle que peuvent avoir les cliniciens quant à la qualité de la desquamation.
In recent years, adaptive learning systems rely increasingly on learning hierarchy to customize t... more In recent years, adaptive learning systems rely increasingly on learning hierarchy to customize the educational logic developed in their courses. Most approaches do not consider that the relationships of prerequisites between the skills are fuzzy relationships. In this article, we describe a new approach of a practical application of fuzzy logic techniques to the construction of learning hierarchies. For this, we use a learning hierarchy predefined by one or more experts of a specific field. However, the relationships of prerequisites between the skills in the learning hierarchy are not definitive and they are fuzzy relationships. Indeed, we measure relevance degree of all relationships existing in this learning hierarchy and we try to answer to the following question: Is the relationships of prerequisites predefined in initial learning hierarchy are correctly established or not?
The distance learning platforms are increasingly used in universities, colleges and companies see... more The distance learning platforms are increasingly used in universities, colleges and companies seeking effective and continuous training of their employees without constraint of time and space. The effectiveness of such a learning system depends mainly on the degree of information assimilated by the learner at the end of training. In this article, we focus on the implementation of a system for measuring competence for computer sciences. This system uses the model of item response theory. The results provided by this system are presented to the student, as a dashboard. They will allow the teacher or tutor to have the necessary elements to monitor their learning by identifying the causes blocking and checking its achievements. This system can also help to improve the recruitment process of companies using it in a near-selection process of candidates for jobs.
ABSTRACT In recent years, adaptive learning systems rely increasingly on concept maps to customiz... more ABSTRACT In recent years, adaptive learning systems rely increasingly on concept maps to customize the educational logic developed in their courses. Most approaches do not take into account the possibility of combining the concept maps predefined by experts of field and those developed automatically using the Fuzzy Sets Theory. In this article, we present a hybrid approach using on the one hand the feedback from experts of domain to select, prioritize relevant concepts and create prerequisite relationships to get the initial concept map, on the other hand we use the fuzzy logic to measure relevance degree of all relationships existing in this concept map, these links are considered as fuzzy relationships. With this approach we got two types of prerequisite relationships between concepts, the first type can be classified as relationships correctly established by the expert. These relationships must be kept in the final concept map. The second type can be considered as relationships incorrectly stablished by the expert, because the concepts involved in these relationships are independent, in this case these relations must be deleted or substituted with the inverse of the original relations, or because the items used in evaluations of these concepts, connected by erroneous relations, are inappropriate and must to be reviewed.
The domain model is one of the important components used by adaptive learning systems to automati... more The domain model is one of the important components used by adaptive learning systems to automatically generate customized courses for the learners. In this paper our contribution is to propose a new tool for implementation of a domain model based on fuzzy relationships among concepts. This tool allows the experts and teachers to find the best parameters in order to adapt the learners' differences.
2013 ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA), 2013
It is no coincidence that distance learning platforms are increasingly used in universities, coll... more It is no coincidence that distance learning platforms are increasingly used in universities, colleges and companies seeking effective and continuous training of their employees without constraint of time and space. The effectiveness of such a learning system depends mainly on the degree of information assimilated by the learner at the end of training. In this article, we focus on the implementation of a system for measuring competence for computer sciences. This system uses the model of item response theory. The results provided by this system are presented to the student, as a dashboard. They will allow the teacher or tutor to have the necessary elements to monitor their learning by identifying the causes blocking and checking its achievements. This system can also help to improve the recruitment process of companies using it in a near-selection process of candidates for jobs.
2013 8th International Conference on Intelligent Systems: Theories and Applications (SITA), 2013
ABSTRACT The distance learning platforms are increasingly used in universities, colleges and comp... more ABSTRACT The distance learning platforms are increasingly used in universities, colleges and companies seeking effective and continuous training of their employees without constraint of time and space. The effectiveness of such a learning system depends mainly on the degree of information assimilated by the learner at the end of training. In this article, we focus on the implementation of a system for measuring competence for computer sciences. This system uses the model of item response theory. The results provided by this system are presented to the student, as a dashboard. They will allow the teacher or tutor to have the necessary elements to monitor their learning by identifying the causes blocking and checking its achievements. This system can also help to improve the recruitment process of companies using it in a near-selection process of candidates for jobs.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1994
EGF is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation in normal as well as in neoplastic tissue... more EGF is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation in normal as well as in neoplastic tissues. The A431 cells that over-express EGFR, display in vitro ambivalent growth properties in response to EGF, since stimulation induced by low concentrations (10(-12) M-10(-10) M) is reversed with increasing concentrations (10(-9) M-10(-8) M). To assess differential mechanisms of signal transduction that determine growth stimulatory and inhibitory activity, we have studied the MAP kinase activation induced by mitotic and antimitotic concentrations of EGF. We demonstrate that the presence of a growth stimulatory concentration of EGF (10(-12) M) leads to a moderate but persistent activation of p42 MAP kinase during all the time of the EGF treatment. Conversely, an early peak of kinase activation that rapidly falls down below the basal level, is observed when a growth inhibitory concentration of EGF (10(-8) M) is used. Moreover, the addition of Na-orthovanadate in 10(-8) M EGF-treated cells leads to the rescue of the MAP kinase activity, suggesting that the loss of kinase activity induced by growth inhibitory EGF concentrations involves the dephosphorylation of the MAP kinase. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the dual effect (stimulator/inhibitor) of EGF on the proliferation of A431 cells is associated to differential mechanisms of p42 MAP kinase regulation.
International Journal of Computer Applications, Feb 18, 2015
ABSTRACT The development of technologies of multimedia, linked to that of Internet and democratiz... more ABSTRACT The development of technologies of multimedia, linked to that of Internet and democratization of high speed, has made henceforth E-learning possible for learners being in virtual classes and geographically distributed. One benefit to taking course online is that the online course structure is typically more student focused than teacher centered and encouraging more active participation by students in collaborative learning activities. The quality and quantity of asynchronous and synchronous communications are the key elements for E-learning success. A potential problem that has received little exploration is student's feeling of isolation. It is important to have a propitious supervision to breaking down learner feeling isolation in E learning environment. This feeling of isolation is among the main causes of loss and high rates of dropout in E-learning. It impacts on their levels of participation, satisfaction and learning. To overcome this feeling of isolation, we aim, by this research, to provide the trainer and each learner with an environment allowing them to behave as if being face to face; in other words, to approach the pedagogy of classroom teaching. Our contribution to reduce the feeling of isolation is to ensure the presence of the teacher in the educational tools. These tools aim to establish a real dialogue with the learner, forcing him to take an active part in their learning. Among the tools we offer, video conference Openmeeting integrated in Moodle providing the possibility of using the notion of class and whiteboard, the indicator of motivation quantification tool based hand gesture that we developed and finally social networks web 2. 0 like Facebook, youtube, twitter… to promote collaboration, sharing and communication of the learner with his peers.
Traitement du Signal
L'estimation quantitative des autoradiogrammes par une somme de gaussiennes est une approche ... more L'estimation quantitative des autoradiogrammes par une somme de gaussiennes est une approche très utilisée . Elle est rendue possible grâce au développement des méthodes densimétriques utilisables après digitalisation de l'image d'autoradiographie du gel . La métrologie apportée par l'analyse et le traitement d'images permet d'éliminer les appréciations subjectives visuelles et humaines . Plusieurs études ont été réalisées sur ce sujet. Notre contribution consiste à valider cet approche par son application à des fragments d'ARN de tailles très proches . Nous montrons qu'il est possible d'évaluer directement par le calcul le niveau d'expression d'ARN dans une configuration 'expérience déterminée, évaluation très difficile à obtenir par d'autres méthodes .
The development of technologies of multimedia, linked to that of Internet and democratization of ... more The development of technologies of multimedia, linked to that of Internet and democratization of high outflow, has made henceforth E-learning possible for learners being in virtual classes and geographically distributed. The quality and quantity of asynchronous and synchronous communications are the key elements for E-learning success. It is important to have a propitious supervision to reduce the feeling of isolation in E-learning. This feeling of isolation is among the main causes of loss and high rates of stalling in E-learning. The researches to be conducted in this domain aim to bring solutions of convergence coming from real time image for the capture and recognition of hand gestures. These gestures will be analyzed by the system and transformed as indicator of participation. This latter is displayed in the table of performance of the tutor as a curve according to the time. In case of isolation of learner, the indicator of participation will become red and the tutor will be in...
ABSTRACT The coagulation of milk is a process during which the milk that is liquid becomes a stro... more ABSTRACT The coagulation of milk is a process during which the milk that is liquid becomes a strong viscous. It is the first and most important stage in cheese industry. Among the methods more used to control the process of the milk coagulation, it is necessary to mention the method ultrasonic sound. This method permits followed it on-line of the coagulation but doesn't give some information on the manner with which takes place the coagulation and how propagates itself in volume. This coagulation can be homogeneous and or in heap what will have some consequences on the quality of the dairy product manufacture as cheese. For it we used the scan to follow the process of the coagulation in volume and the analysis of texture. A certain number of texture parameters have been found pertinently. Its can use to quantify homogeneity and the fineness of the process of milk's coagulation. The results obtained are potentially useful for the dairy industry and contribute to understand better the physicochemical process occurring during the milk gelation.
ABSTRACT The development of technologies of multimedia, linked to that of Internet and democratiz... more ABSTRACT The development of technologies of multimedia, linked to that of Internet and democratization of high outflow, has made henceforth E-learning possible for learners being in virtual classes and geographically distributed. The quality and quantity of asynchronous and synchronous communications are the key elements for E-learning success. It is important to have a propitious supervision to reduce the feeling of isolation in E-learning. This feeling of isolation is among the main causes of loss and high rates of stalling in E-learning. The researches to be conducted in this domain aim to bring solutions of convergence coming from real time image for the capture and recognition of hand gestures. These gestures will be analyzed by the system and transformed as indicator of participation. This latter is displayed in the table of performance of the tutor as a curve according to the time. In case of isolation of learner, the indicator of participation will become red and the tutor will be informed of learners with difficulties to participate during learning session.
ABSTRACT Key frame extraction methods select the most representative frames of a video, which can... more ABSTRACT Key frame extraction methods select the most representative frames of a video, which can be used in different areas of video processing such as video retrieval, video summary, and video indexing. In this paper we present a novel approach for extracting key frames from video sequences. The frame is characterized uniquely by his contours which are represented by the dominant blocks. These dominant blocks are located on the contours and its near textures. When the video frames have a noticeable changement, its dominant blocks changed, then we can extracte a key frame. The dominant blocks of every frame is computed, and then feature vectors are extracted from the dominant blocks image of each frame and arranged in a feature matrix. Singular Value Decomposition is used to calculate sliding windows ranks of those matrices. Finally the computed ranks are traced and then we are able to extract key frames of a video. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is robust against a large range of digital effects used during shot transition.
ABSTRACT Quantitative estimation of one dimensionnal autoradiography film density profiles that a... more ABSTRACT Quantitative estimation of one dimensionnal autoradiography film density profiles that are generated in gel electrophoresis of radioactive proteins and nucleic acids is a very used approach . Several studies have been realized on this subject . They operate on the optical density values acquired by CCD cameras . These operations include smoothing of mesuring values, background correction, and integration of peak areas after sided fit of half gaussian profile to each band . Our contribution consists to validate this approach by its application to separate RNA fragments of very close size. We show that is possible to use this approach to evaluate directly the relative expression level of each RNA in a determined experiance configuration .
ABSTRACT The coagulation of milk is a process during which the milk that is liquid becomes a stro... more ABSTRACT The coagulation of milk is a process during which the milk that is liquid becomes a strong viscous. It is the first and most important stage in cheese industry. Among the methods more used to control the process of the milk coagulation, it is necessary to mention the method ultrasonic sound. This method permits followed it on-line of the coagulation but does not give some information on the manner with which takes place the coagulation and how propagates itself in volume. This coagulation can be homogeneous and or in heap what will have some consequences on the quality of the dairy product manufacture as cheese. For it we used the scan to follow the process of the coagulation in volume and the analysis of texture. A certain number of texture parameters have been found pertinently. Its can use to quantify homogeneity and the fineness of the process of milk's coagulation. The results obtained are potentially useful for the dairy industry and contribute to understand better the physicochemical process occurring during the milk gelation.