Aftab Alam - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Aftab Alam

Planta Medica, 2014

Two Cycloartane saponins, astragaloside-IV and cyclocephaloside-I, were isolated from the roots o... more Two Cycloartane saponins, astragaloside-IV and cyclocephaloside-I, were isolated from the roots of Astragalus gummifera. Their structures were determined by utilizing 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Hepatoprotective effects of astragaloside-IV against carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats was studied. The rats (200-230 g) of either sex were divided into 6 groups (6 rats each). Injection of a single dose of CCl 4 increases the level of serum AST, ALT, GGT, ALP and total bilirubin activities, decreases non-protein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) and total proteins (TPs), increases malondialdehyde (MDA) and produces changes in hepatic and nephritic tissue structure. Administration of doses of 25, 50 and 75 mg kgG 1 of astragaloside-IV reversed significantly (p<0.001) the liver diagnostic blood markers as well as stricture of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity of the treated groups when compared to the control group. The present finding indicated that astragaloside-IV is an active hepatoprotective agent that restores the affected biochemical markers and nephritic and hepatic tissues.

Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2014

To assess in-vitro antioxidant activity of different fraction and perform high performance thin l... more To assess in-vitro antioxidant activity of different fraction and perform high performance thin layer chromatography fingerprint analysis of most active fraction of Rumex vesicarius L. (R. vesicarius). In the present study, acetone, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and methanol extracts of R. vesicarius were evaluated for radical scavenging activity by studying the inhibition of the level of lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(++)/ascorbate, DNA sugar damage, scavenging of hydrogen peroxide, diphenylphosphine DPPH radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content, total flavonoids content and total proanthocyanidin. High performance thin layer chromatography finger print profiling of R. vesicarius L. was also done. Lipid peroxidation induced by the iron/ascorbate system, hydrogen peroxide, diphenylphosphine and DNA sugar damage were inhibited by the addition of different extract of R. vesicarius. Among them, methanolic extract showed maximum efficacy. The methanolic extract showed the highe...

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 2013

A simple, economic, robust, reproducible, selective, and precise high-performance liquid chromato... more A simple, economic, robust, reproducible, selective, and precise high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method developed and validated for the estimation of thymoquinone in two different extract and marketed formulations. The mobile phase composed of 20-mM KH 2 PO 4 buffer (pH adjusted to 2.7 ± 0.05 using 50% OPA) and acetonitrile at a ratio of 60:40 eluted at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Thymoquinone was monitored using florescence detector set at 274 excitation and 340 emission wavelength, having column oven temperature of 40°C and sample cooler temperature of 8°C ± 0.2°C. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration curve shows good linear relationship with correlation coefficient of 0.998 in the concentration range of 0.07-12 μg/mL. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.023 and 0.07 μg/mL, respectively. The developed method was validated for accuracy, precision, reproducibility, and robustness as per ICH guidelines. The proposed method with high degree of precision and accuracy is employed for the estimation of thymoquinone in methanolic and petroleum extract of Nigella sativa as well as in formulation. Statistical analysis proved that the method is precise, reproducible, selective, and accurate for the estimation of thymoquinone for quality control purpose.

Natural Product Communications, 2019

Elettaria cardamomum is cultivated in the Southern part of India showed great extinct of differen... more Elettaria cardamomum is cultivated in the Southern part of India showed great extinct of differences in their morphotypes and chemical compositions. In the present study, we have selected three varieties of Elettaria cardamomum “Valley Green, Palakuzhi, and ICRI”, to analyze the morphological perturbations, chemical compositions, and antimicrobial activities. The differences in the morphological character of cardamom varieties (Valley Green, Palakuzhi, and ICRI) were carried out on the basis of panicles, capsules shape, plant height, tiller, and seeds per capsule. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oils resulted in the identification of 27, 29, 30 compounds representing over 97.4%, 95.2%, and 98.8% of the Valley Green (VG), Palakuzhi (PAL), and ICRI fruit oils respectively. Monoterpene, α-terpinyl acetate varied from 35.4 to 47.5%, a major constituent while 1,8-cineole (22.8% to 27.4%) observed the second major compounds revealed in oils of these cultivars. Further, the antimicrobi...

Gels

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to humanity in the world. Antibioti... more Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to humanity in the world. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria spread easily in communities and hospitals. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a serious human infectious agent with threatening broad-spectrum resistance to many commonly used antibiotics. To prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms, alternative strategies based on nature have been developed. Essential oils (EOs) are derived from numerous plant parts and have been described as antibacterial agents against S. aureus. Fennel essential oils were selected as antibacterial agents encapsulated in nanoparticles of polylactic acid and glycolic acid (PLGA). The optimum size of the formulation after loading with the active ingredient was 123.19 ± 6.1595 nm with a zeta potential of 0.051 ± 0.002 (23 ± 1.15 mV). The results of the encapsulation efficiency analysis showed high encapsulation of EOs, i.e., 66.4 ± 3.127. To obtain promising carrier materials for the delive...

Gels

Candida spp. is one of the most causative pathogens responsible for fungal infections. It is ofte... more Candida spp. is one of the most causative pathogens responsible for fungal infections. It is often a hospital-acquired form of sepsis with a very high number of deaths. Currently, the most effective anti-fungal agents are based on polyenes or echinocandins. However, long-term treatments or repeated use of these anti-fungals lead to therapy limitations. Current research is urgently needed to overcome existing challenges for antimicrobials from natural sources. This study aims to determine the anti-fungal activity of rutin, which has the advantage of increasing the therapeutic value. Because of its low solubility in water and oils, rutin is limited in use. To address these constraints, we encapsulated rutin in a nanocarrier system. Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) and gum acacia (GAs) are emerging as attractive components and are widely studied as biologically safe nanomaterials/carrier systems for various drugs. Still, they are barely investigated as nano-sized vectors for the targeted de...

Molecules

For many decades, the thiazole moiety has been an important heterocycle in the world of chemistry... more For many decades, the thiazole moiety has been an important heterocycle in the world of chemistry. The thiazole ring consists of sulfur and nitrogen in such a fashion that the pi (π) electrons are free to move from one bond to other bonds rendering aromatic ring properties. On account of its aromaticity, the ring has many reactive positions where donor–acceptor, nucleophilic, oxidation reactions, etc., may take place. Molecules containing a thiazole ring, when entering physiological systems, behave unpredictably and reset the system differently. These molecules may activate/stop the biochemical pathways and enzymes or stimulate/block the receptors in the biological systems. Therefore, medicinal chemists have been focusing their efforts on thiazole-bearing compounds in order to develop novel therapeutic agents for a variety of pathological conditions. This review attempts to inform the readers on three major classes of thiazole-bearing molecules: Thiazoles as treatment drugs, thiazol...

Agronomy

Greener analytical methodologies for the estimation of ascorbic acid (AA) are poorly reported in ... more Greener analytical methodologies for the estimation of ascorbic acid (AA) are poorly reported in the literature. Furthermore, the green indexes of the literature’s analytical assays of AA estimation have not been assessed. As a consequence, the aim of this research is to invent and validate a simple, cost-effective, and green reverse-phase “high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)” method for the estimating AA in the solvent extracts (SE) and ultrasound-assisted extracts (UAE) of Phyllanthus emblica, Psidium guajava, and Capsicum annuum. The greener mobile phase for AA estimation was a binary mixture of water and ethanol (70:30, v/v). At a wavelength of 265 nm, the detection of AA was carried out. The greener HPTLC technique was linear in the 25–1200 ng/band range. In addition, the method was simple, cost-effective, accurate, precise, robust, sensitive, and green. The amount of AA was highest in the SE and UAE of P. emblica compared to the SE and UAE of P. guajava and C. a...

Molecules, 2022

The herbal plant Petroselinum crispum (P. crispum) (Mill) is commonly available around the world.... more The herbal plant Petroselinum crispum (P. crispum) (Mill) is commonly available around the world. In this study, the leaves of the herbal plant P. crispum were collected from the central region of Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia, to explore their in vitro pharmacological activity. Essential oil from the leaves of P. crispum was isolated using the hydrodistillation method. The composition of P. crispum essential oil (PCEO) was determined using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 67 components were identified, representing approximately 96.02% of the total volatile composition. Myristicin was identified as the principal constituent (41.45%). The in vitro biological activity was assessed to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory potential of PCEO. PCEO showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus among all the evaluated microbial species. In vitro anti-inflammatory evaluation using albumin and trypsin a...

Agronomy, 2021

Various analytical approaches for determining β-carotene in vegetable crops and commercial dosage... more Various analytical approaches for determining β-carotene in vegetable crops and commercial dosage forms have been documented. However, neither the qualitative nor quantitative environmental safety and greener aspects of the literature analytical methodologies of β-carotene analysis have been assessed. As a result, the goal of this research is to develop and validate a reversed-phase “high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)” approach for determining β-carotene in traditional (TE) and ultrasound-assisted (UBE) extracts of different fractions of Daucus carota (L.), Ipomea batatas (L.), and commercial formulation. The greener mobile phase for β-carotene analysis was a ternary mixture of ethanol, cyclohexane, and ammonia (95:2.5:2.5, v v v−1). The detection of β-carotene was done at a wavelength of 459 nm. In the 25–1000 ng band−1 range, the greener reversed-phase HPTLC approach was linear. Other validation factors for β-carotene analysis, including as accuracy, precision, rob...

The present study examined the volatile composition and antimicrobial and gastrointestinal activi... more The present study examined the volatile composition and antimicrobial and gastrointestinal activity of the essential oils of Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton harvested in India (EC-I) and Guatemala (EC-G). Monoterpene were present in higher concentration in EC-I (83.24%) than in EC-G (73.03%), whereas sesquiterpenes were present in higher concentration in EC-G (18.35%) than in EC-I (9.27%). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.5 and 0.1 mg/mL were demonstrated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in EC-I and EC-G, respectively, whereas MICs of 0.125 and 1 mg/mL were demonstrated against Escherichia coli in EC-I and EC-G, respectively. The treatment with control had the highest kill-time potential, whereas the treatment with oils had shorter kill-time. EC-I was found to be more potent in the castor oil-induced diarrhoea model than EC-G. At 100 and 200 mg/kg, EC-I exhibited 40% and 80% protection, respectively, and EC-G exhibited 20% and 60% protection, respectively, in mice, wherea...

African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2014

Background: The Astragalus gummifer (F. Fabaceae), herb and roots were studied for anti-inflammat... more Background: The Astragalus gummifer (F. Fabaceae), herb and roots were studied for anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. Materials and method: The alcoholic extracts of Astragalus gummifer (F. Fabaceae), herb (AGHE), and roots (AGRE), were used for antiinflammatory and hepatoprotective activities in Wister rats. The effects of AGHE and AGRE were compared with the standard drugs Phenylbutazone and silymarin, for anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities respectively. Result: Both extracts showed significant anti-inflammatory activity (P< 0.001). AGRE showed comparatively more significant hepatoprotective activity (P< 0.001), than AGHE (P< 0.05); at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight as manifested by lowering the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin. The hepatoprotective activity was, also, supported by total protein (TP), malondialdehyde (MDA), nonprotein sulfhydryls (NP-SH), and histo-pathological studies of liver tissue. Discussion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of Astragalus gummifer. The results of present studies indicated that both AGHE and AGRE can be used in inflammatory conditions, while investigation supports the use of AGRE in cases that hepatoprotection are required in the hepatotoxic conditions. More supportive studies are required before clinical recommendation.

Journal of analytical methods in chemistry, 2013

A sensitive and selective UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of ... more A sensitive and selective UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of three indolic alkaloids (reserpine, rescinnamine, and yohimbine) in human plasma using papaverine as internal standard (IS). After a one step protein precipitation with acetonitrile, separation was carried out using C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, i.d. 1.7 μ m) and mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile : water : formic acid (60 : 40 : 0.1%, v/v/v) pumped at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The mass spectrometric determination was carried out using an electrospray interface operated in the positive mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The precursor to product ion transitions of m/z 609.32 > 195.01, m/z 635.34 > 221.03, m/z 355.19 > 144, and m/z 340.15 > 202.02 were selected for the quantification of reserpine, rescinnamine, yohimbine, and IS, respectively. The analytical response was found to be linear in the range of 0.36-400, 0.27-300, and 0.23-250 ng/mL with lower limit...

Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2014

To develop a simple, selective, sensitive and accurate high-performance thin layer chromatography... more To develop a simple, selective, sensitive and accurate high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method to determine the quantity of hesperidin in different varieties of citrus fruits. The method was carried out in aluminum-backed silica gel 60 F254 plates with ethyl acetate-methanol-water 15:3:2 (%, v/v) as mobile phase. A compact band was obtained for hesperidin at Rf value of (0.40±0.04). The calibration plot was linear in the range of 100-800 ng/spot of hesperidin and the correlation coefficient of 0.998 6 was indicative of good linear dependence of peak area on concentration. Limit of detection (8.87 ng/spot), limit of quantification (23.21 ng/spot), accuracy (less than 2%) and recovery (ranging from 98.55-99.38) were found satisfactory. The method developed can be used for routine analysis of hesperidin in crude drug as well as in herbal and pharmaceutical dosage form containing citrus fruits as an ingredient.

Pharmacognosy Journal, 2014

The anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activitiesof the methanolic extract of Anthemis scrobi... more The anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activitiesof the methanolic extract of Anthemis scrobicularis(ANS) herbs were evaluated in rats against carrageenan induced inflammation and carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4)induced hepatic injury. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ANS, twenty male rats were divided into four equal groups. Injection of 100 μl carrageenan in normal saline into the subplantar region of the hind paw of rats clearly induced paw edema. The volume of paw edema was attenuated following oral administration of ANS. For hepatoprotective effects, twenty five rats were equally divided into five groups.The hepatotoxicity, induced by a single dose of CCl 4 , produced significant (p<0.001) increase of the levels of serumtransaminase, phosphatase, bilirubin and a decrease in proteins were also noticed. The oxidative stress marker such as malondialdehyde (MDA)was increased and nonprotein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) was decreased in the hepatotoxic tissues. Pre-medication of CCl 4-intoxicated rats with ANS at the doses 250 and 500 mg/kg reversed the abnormal liver diagnostic stricture. The results showed that ANS is toxicologically safe when orally administered and possess highly significant anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities and the potentials usefulness of Anthemis scrobicularis in hepatic and inflammatory disease.

Molecules, 2021

The aim of this study was to explore the composition and evaluate the in silico and in vitro anti... more The aim of this study was to explore the composition and evaluate the in silico and in vitro antioxidants and antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of Apium graveolens var. dulce leaves essential oil (AGO) collected from Al-Kharj (Saudi Arabia). AGO was isolated using the hydro-distillation method, and its composition was studied using gas-chromatography-mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), antimicrobial activities using well diffusion assay, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities using spectrophotometric methods. The pharmacological activities of their major compounds were predicted using PASS (prediction of activity spectra for substances) and drug-likening properties by ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) through web-based online tools. Isocnidilide (40.1%) was identified as the major constituent of AGO along with β-Selinene, Senkyunolide A, Phytyl acetate, and 3-Butylphthalide. AGO exhibited a superior antibacterial activity, and the strongest activi...

African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines : AJTCAM / African Networks on Ethnomedicines, 2014

The Astragalus gummifer (F. Fabaceae), herb and roots were studied for anti-inflammatory and hepa... more The Astragalus gummifer (F. Fabaceae), herb and roots were studied for anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. The alcoholic extracts of Astragalus gummifer (F. Fabaceae), herb (AGHE), and roots (AGRE), were used for anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities in Wister rats. The effects of AGHE and AGRE were compared with the standard drugs Phenylbutazone and silymarin, for anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities respectively. Both extracts showed significant anti-inflammatory activity (P< 0.001). AGRE showed comparatively more significant hepatoprotective activity (P< 0.001), than AGHE (P< 0.05); at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight as manifested by lowering the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin. The hepatoprotective activity was, also, supported by total protein (TP), malondialdehyde (MDA), nonprotein sulfhyd...

Wound healing disorders present a serious clinical problem of medical health care in Africa and i... more Wound healing disorders present a serious clinical problem of medical health care in Africa and in Ghana; most of these disorders lead to complications, high morbidity and mortality rates. However, most of the synthetic drugs currently used for the treatment of wounds are not only expensive but also pose problems such as allergy and drug resistance. Anogeissus leiocarpus (Combretaceae (combretoideae)) is a well known plant in Ghana and because of its use in Ghanaian folk medicine as a wound-healing agent; the present study was carried out to investigate its wound healing activities. The parameters studied included rate of % wound contraction, days of complete wound healing and the antimicrobial activity of the plant extract. The crude methanol extract was also screened for Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant ability using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and the presence of phytoconstituents. From the FRAP assay, absorbance increased with increasing concentration of plant extract indicating a significant reduction potential of the plant. Similarly, high values were recorded for the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, the secondary metabolites synthesize in plants known to posses antioxidant activities. The result of the study relative to wound healing was very interesting. There was a progressive decrease in wound area with time, indicating an efficacy of the formulations in healing the induced wounds. By the 15 th day, the mixture containing 100 mg / ml of aqueous extract and 10 % w / w of powdered ointment of A. leiocarpus showed 100 % healing similar to the standard antibiotic ( 2% w/w penicillin). The plant A. leiocarpus topically possesses wound healing activity in a dose dependent manner and thus provides a scientific rationale for the traditional use of this plant in the management of wounds. As such could be developed into an alternative drug in wound healing.

Planta Medica, 2014

Two Cycloartane saponins, astragaloside-IV and cyclocephaloside-I, were isolated from the roots o... more Two Cycloartane saponins, astragaloside-IV and cyclocephaloside-I, were isolated from the roots of Astragalus gummifera. Their structures were determined by utilizing 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Hepatoprotective effects of astragaloside-IV against carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats was studied. The rats (200-230 g) of either sex were divided into 6 groups (6 rats each). Injection of a single dose of CCl 4 increases the level of serum AST, ALT, GGT, ALP and total bilirubin activities, decreases non-protein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) and total proteins (TPs), increases malondialdehyde (MDA) and produces changes in hepatic and nephritic tissue structure. Administration of doses of 25, 50 and 75 mg kgG 1 of astragaloside-IV reversed significantly (p<0.001) the liver diagnostic blood markers as well as stricture of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity of the treated groups when compared to the control group. The present finding indicated that astragaloside-IV is an active hepatoprotective agent that restores the affected biochemical markers and nephritic and hepatic tissues.

Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2014

To assess in-vitro antioxidant activity of different fraction and perform high performance thin l... more To assess in-vitro antioxidant activity of different fraction and perform high performance thin layer chromatography fingerprint analysis of most active fraction of Rumex vesicarius L. (R. vesicarius). In the present study, acetone, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and methanol extracts of R. vesicarius were evaluated for radical scavenging activity by studying the inhibition of the level of lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(++)/ascorbate, DNA sugar damage, scavenging of hydrogen peroxide, diphenylphosphine DPPH radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content, total flavonoids content and total proanthocyanidin. High performance thin layer chromatography finger print profiling of R. vesicarius L. was also done. Lipid peroxidation induced by the iron/ascorbate system, hydrogen peroxide, diphenylphosphine and DNA sugar damage were inhibited by the addition of different extract of R. vesicarius. Among them, methanolic extract showed maximum efficacy. The methanolic extract showed the highe...

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 2013

A simple, economic, robust, reproducible, selective, and precise high-performance liquid chromato... more A simple, economic, robust, reproducible, selective, and precise high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method developed and validated for the estimation of thymoquinone in two different extract and marketed formulations. The mobile phase composed of 20-mM KH 2 PO 4 buffer (pH adjusted to 2.7 ± 0.05 using 50% OPA) and acetonitrile at a ratio of 60:40 eluted at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Thymoquinone was monitored using florescence detector set at 274 excitation and 340 emission wavelength, having column oven temperature of 40°C and sample cooler temperature of 8°C ± 0.2°C. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration curve shows good linear relationship with correlation coefficient of 0.998 in the concentration range of 0.07-12 μg/mL. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.023 and 0.07 μg/mL, respectively. The developed method was validated for accuracy, precision, reproducibility, and robustness as per ICH guidelines. The proposed method with high degree of precision and accuracy is employed for the estimation of thymoquinone in methanolic and petroleum extract of Nigella sativa as well as in formulation. Statistical analysis proved that the method is precise, reproducible, selective, and accurate for the estimation of thymoquinone for quality control purpose.

Natural Product Communications, 2019

Elettaria cardamomum is cultivated in the Southern part of India showed great extinct of differen... more Elettaria cardamomum is cultivated in the Southern part of India showed great extinct of differences in their morphotypes and chemical compositions. In the present study, we have selected three varieties of Elettaria cardamomum “Valley Green, Palakuzhi, and ICRI”, to analyze the morphological perturbations, chemical compositions, and antimicrobial activities. The differences in the morphological character of cardamom varieties (Valley Green, Palakuzhi, and ICRI) were carried out on the basis of panicles, capsules shape, plant height, tiller, and seeds per capsule. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oils resulted in the identification of 27, 29, 30 compounds representing over 97.4%, 95.2%, and 98.8% of the Valley Green (VG), Palakuzhi (PAL), and ICRI fruit oils respectively. Monoterpene, α-terpinyl acetate varied from 35.4 to 47.5%, a major constituent while 1,8-cineole (22.8% to 27.4%) observed the second major compounds revealed in oils of these cultivars. Further, the antimicrobi...

Gels

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to humanity in the world. Antibioti... more Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to humanity in the world. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria spread easily in communities and hospitals. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a serious human infectious agent with threatening broad-spectrum resistance to many commonly used antibiotics. To prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms, alternative strategies based on nature have been developed. Essential oils (EOs) are derived from numerous plant parts and have been described as antibacterial agents against S. aureus. Fennel essential oils were selected as antibacterial agents encapsulated in nanoparticles of polylactic acid and glycolic acid (PLGA). The optimum size of the formulation after loading with the active ingredient was 123.19 ± 6.1595 nm with a zeta potential of 0.051 ± 0.002 (23 ± 1.15 mV). The results of the encapsulation efficiency analysis showed high encapsulation of EOs, i.e., 66.4 ± 3.127. To obtain promising carrier materials for the delive...

Gels

Candida spp. is one of the most causative pathogens responsible for fungal infections. It is ofte... more Candida spp. is one of the most causative pathogens responsible for fungal infections. It is often a hospital-acquired form of sepsis with a very high number of deaths. Currently, the most effective anti-fungal agents are based on polyenes or echinocandins. However, long-term treatments or repeated use of these anti-fungals lead to therapy limitations. Current research is urgently needed to overcome existing challenges for antimicrobials from natural sources. This study aims to determine the anti-fungal activity of rutin, which has the advantage of increasing the therapeutic value. Because of its low solubility in water and oils, rutin is limited in use. To address these constraints, we encapsulated rutin in a nanocarrier system. Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) and gum acacia (GAs) are emerging as attractive components and are widely studied as biologically safe nanomaterials/carrier systems for various drugs. Still, they are barely investigated as nano-sized vectors for the targeted de...

Molecules

For many decades, the thiazole moiety has been an important heterocycle in the world of chemistry... more For many decades, the thiazole moiety has been an important heterocycle in the world of chemistry. The thiazole ring consists of sulfur and nitrogen in such a fashion that the pi (π) electrons are free to move from one bond to other bonds rendering aromatic ring properties. On account of its aromaticity, the ring has many reactive positions where donor–acceptor, nucleophilic, oxidation reactions, etc., may take place. Molecules containing a thiazole ring, when entering physiological systems, behave unpredictably and reset the system differently. These molecules may activate/stop the biochemical pathways and enzymes or stimulate/block the receptors in the biological systems. Therefore, medicinal chemists have been focusing their efforts on thiazole-bearing compounds in order to develop novel therapeutic agents for a variety of pathological conditions. This review attempts to inform the readers on three major classes of thiazole-bearing molecules: Thiazoles as treatment drugs, thiazol...

Agronomy

Greener analytical methodologies for the estimation of ascorbic acid (AA) are poorly reported in ... more Greener analytical methodologies for the estimation of ascorbic acid (AA) are poorly reported in the literature. Furthermore, the green indexes of the literature’s analytical assays of AA estimation have not been assessed. As a consequence, the aim of this research is to invent and validate a simple, cost-effective, and green reverse-phase “high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)” method for the estimating AA in the solvent extracts (SE) and ultrasound-assisted extracts (UAE) of Phyllanthus emblica, Psidium guajava, and Capsicum annuum. The greener mobile phase for AA estimation was a binary mixture of water and ethanol (70:30, v/v). At a wavelength of 265 nm, the detection of AA was carried out. The greener HPTLC technique was linear in the 25–1200 ng/band range. In addition, the method was simple, cost-effective, accurate, precise, robust, sensitive, and green. The amount of AA was highest in the SE and UAE of P. emblica compared to the SE and UAE of P. guajava and C. a...

Molecules, 2022

The herbal plant Petroselinum crispum (P. crispum) (Mill) is commonly available around the world.... more The herbal plant Petroselinum crispum (P. crispum) (Mill) is commonly available around the world. In this study, the leaves of the herbal plant P. crispum were collected from the central region of Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia, to explore their in vitro pharmacological activity. Essential oil from the leaves of P. crispum was isolated using the hydrodistillation method. The composition of P. crispum essential oil (PCEO) was determined using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 67 components were identified, representing approximately 96.02% of the total volatile composition. Myristicin was identified as the principal constituent (41.45%). The in vitro biological activity was assessed to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory potential of PCEO. PCEO showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus among all the evaluated microbial species. In vitro anti-inflammatory evaluation using albumin and trypsin a...

Agronomy, 2021

Various analytical approaches for determining β-carotene in vegetable crops and commercial dosage... more Various analytical approaches for determining β-carotene in vegetable crops and commercial dosage forms have been documented. However, neither the qualitative nor quantitative environmental safety and greener aspects of the literature analytical methodologies of β-carotene analysis have been assessed. As a result, the goal of this research is to develop and validate a reversed-phase “high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)” approach for determining β-carotene in traditional (TE) and ultrasound-assisted (UBE) extracts of different fractions of Daucus carota (L.), Ipomea batatas (L.), and commercial formulation. The greener mobile phase for β-carotene analysis was a ternary mixture of ethanol, cyclohexane, and ammonia (95:2.5:2.5, v v v−1). The detection of β-carotene was done at a wavelength of 459 nm. In the 25–1000 ng band−1 range, the greener reversed-phase HPTLC approach was linear. Other validation factors for β-carotene analysis, including as accuracy, precision, rob...

The present study examined the volatile composition and antimicrobial and gastrointestinal activi... more The present study examined the volatile composition and antimicrobial and gastrointestinal activity of the essential oils of Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton harvested in India (EC-I) and Guatemala (EC-G). Monoterpene were present in higher concentration in EC-I (83.24%) than in EC-G (73.03%), whereas sesquiterpenes were present in higher concentration in EC-G (18.35%) than in EC-I (9.27%). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.5 and 0.1 mg/mL were demonstrated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in EC-I and EC-G, respectively, whereas MICs of 0.125 and 1 mg/mL were demonstrated against Escherichia coli in EC-I and EC-G, respectively. The treatment with control had the highest kill-time potential, whereas the treatment with oils had shorter kill-time. EC-I was found to be more potent in the castor oil-induced diarrhoea model than EC-G. At 100 and 200 mg/kg, EC-I exhibited 40% and 80% protection, respectively, and EC-G exhibited 20% and 60% protection, respectively, in mice, wherea...

African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2014

Background: The Astragalus gummifer (F. Fabaceae), herb and roots were studied for anti-inflammat... more Background: The Astragalus gummifer (F. Fabaceae), herb and roots were studied for anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. Materials and method: The alcoholic extracts of Astragalus gummifer (F. Fabaceae), herb (AGHE), and roots (AGRE), were used for antiinflammatory and hepatoprotective activities in Wister rats. The effects of AGHE and AGRE were compared with the standard drugs Phenylbutazone and silymarin, for anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities respectively. Result: Both extracts showed significant anti-inflammatory activity (P< 0.001). AGRE showed comparatively more significant hepatoprotective activity (P< 0.001), than AGHE (P< 0.05); at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight as manifested by lowering the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin. The hepatoprotective activity was, also, supported by total protein (TP), malondialdehyde (MDA), nonprotein sulfhydryls (NP-SH), and histo-pathological studies of liver tissue. Discussion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of Astragalus gummifer. The results of present studies indicated that both AGHE and AGRE can be used in inflammatory conditions, while investigation supports the use of AGRE in cases that hepatoprotection are required in the hepatotoxic conditions. More supportive studies are required before clinical recommendation.

Journal of analytical methods in chemistry, 2013

A sensitive and selective UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of ... more A sensitive and selective UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of three indolic alkaloids (reserpine, rescinnamine, and yohimbine) in human plasma using papaverine as internal standard (IS). After a one step protein precipitation with acetonitrile, separation was carried out using C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, i.d. 1.7 μ m) and mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile : water : formic acid (60 : 40 : 0.1%, v/v/v) pumped at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The mass spectrometric determination was carried out using an electrospray interface operated in the positive mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The precursor to product ion transitions of m/z 609.32 > 195.01, m/z 635.34 > 221.03, m/z 355.19 > 144, and m/z 340.15 > 202.02 were selected for the quantification of reserpine, rescinnamine, yohimbine, and IS, respectively. The analytical response was found to be linear in the range of 0.36-400, 0.27-300, and 0.23-250 ng/mL with lower limit...

Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2014

To develop a simple, selective, sensitive and accurate high-performance thin layer chromatography... more To develop a simple, selective, sensitive and accurate high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method to determine the quantity of hesperidin in different varieties of citrus fruits. The method was carried out in aluminum-backed silica gel 60 F254 plates with ethyl acetate-methanol-water 15:3:2 (%, v/v) as mobile phase. A compact band was obtained for hesperidin at Rf value of (0.40±0.04). The calibration plot was linear in the range of 100-800 ng/spot of hesperidin and the correlation coefficient of 0.998 6 was indicative of good linear dependence of peak area on concentration. Limit of detection (8.87 ng/spot), limit of quantification (23.21 ng/spot), accuracy (less than 2%) and recovery (ranging from 98.55-99.38) were found satisfactory. The method developed can be used for routine analysis of hesperidin in crude drug as well as in herbal and pharmaceutical dosage form containing citrus fruits as an ingredient.

Pharmacognosy Journal, 2014

The anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activitiesof the methanolic extract of Anthemis scrobi... more The anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activitiesof the methanolic extract of Anthemis scrobicularis(ANS) herbs were evaluated in rats against carrageenan induced inflammation and carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4)induced hepatic injury. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ANS, twenty male rats were divided into four equal groups. Injection of 100 μl carrageenan in normal saline into the subplantar region of the hind paw of rats clearly induced paw edema. The volume of paw edema was attenuated following oral administration of ANS. For hepatoprotective effects, twenty five rats were equally divided into five groups.The hepatotoxicity, induced by a single dose of CCl 4 , produced significant (p<0.001) increase of the levels of serumtransaminase, phosphatase, bilirubin and a decrease in proteins were also noticed. The oxidative stress marker such as malondialdehyde (MDA)was increased and nonprotein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) was decreased in the hepatotoxic tissues. Pre-medication of CCl 4-intoxicated rats with ANS at the doses 250 and 500 mg/kg reversed the abnormal liver diagnostic stricture. The results showed that ANS is toxicologically safe when orally administered and possess highly significant anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities and the potentials usefulness of Anthemis scrobicularis in hepatic and inflammatory disease.

Molecules, 2021

The aim of this study was to explore the composition and evaluate the in silico and in vitro anti... more The aim of this study was to explore the composition and evaluate the in silico and in vitro antioxidants and antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of Apium graveolens var. dulce leaves essential oil (AGO) collected from Al-Kharj (Saudi Arabia). AGO was isolated using the hydro-distillation method, and its composition was studied using gas-chromatography-mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), antimicrobial activities using well diffusion assay, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities using spectrophotometric methods. The pharmacological activities of their major compounds were predicted using PASS (prediction of activity spectra for substances) and drug-likening properties by ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) through web-based online tools. Isocnidilide (40.1%) was identified as the major constituent of AGO along with β-Selinene, Senkyunolide A, Phytyl acetate, and 3-Butylphthalide. AGO exhibited a superior antibacterial activity, and the strongest activi...

African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines : AJTCAM / African Networks on Ethnomedicines, 2014

The Astragalus gummifer (F. Fabaceae), herb and roots were studied for anti-inflammatory and hepa... more The Astragalus gummifer (F. Fabaceae), herb and roots were studied for anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. The alcoholic extracts of Astragalus gummifer (F. Fabaceae), herb (AGHE), and roots (AGRE), were used for anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities in Wister rats. The effects of AGHE and AGRE were compared with the standard drugs Phenylbutazone and silymarin, for anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities respectively. Both extracts showed significant anti-inflammatory activity (P< 0.001). AGRE showed comparatively more significant hepatoprotective activity (P< 0.001), than AGHE (P< 0.05); at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight as manifested by lowering the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin. The hepatoprotective activity was, also, supported by total protein (TP), malondialdehyde (MDA), nonprotein sulfhyd...

Wound healing disorders present a serious clinical problem of medical health care in Africa and i... more Wound healing disorders present a serious clinical problem of medical health care in Africa and in Ghana; most of these disorders lead to complications, high morbidity and mortality rates. However, most of the synthetic drugs currently used for the treatment of wounds are not only expensive but also pose problems such as allergy and drug resistance. Anogeissus leiocarpus (Combretaceae (combretoideae)) is a well known plant in Ghana and because of its use in Ghanaian folk medicine as a wound-healing agent; the present study was carried out to investigate its wound healing activities. The parameters studied included rate of % wound contraction, days of complete wound healing and the antimicrobial activity of the plant extract. The crude methanol extract was also screened for Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant ability using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and the presence of phytoconstituents. From the FRAP assay, absorbance increased with increasing concentration of plant extract indicating a significant reduction potential of the plant. Similarly, high values were recorded for the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, the secondary metabolites synthesize in plants known to posses antioxidant activities. The result of the study relative to wound healing was very interesting. There was a progressive decrease in wound area with time, indicating an efficacy of the formulations in healing the induced wounds. By the 15 th day, the mixture containing 100 mg / ml of aqueous extract and 10 % w / w of powdered ointment of A. leiocarpus showed 100 % healing similar to the standard antibiotic ( 2% w/w penicillin). The plant A. leiocarpus topically possesses wound healing activity in a dose dependent manner and thus provides a scientific rationale for the traditional use of this plant in the management of wounds. As such could be developed into an alternative drug in wound healing.