Ahmad Hashemi-Sakhtsari - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ahmad Hashemi-Sakhtsari

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Isolated-Word Speaker-Dependent Speech Recognisers

Research paper thumbnail of Mechanisms and properties of long-term synaptic plasticity in the brain: Relationships to learning & memory

PsycEXTRA Dataset

Functional and structural changes in synapses, specific regions for communication between nerve c... more Functional and structural changes in synapses, specific regions for communication between nerve cells, are thought to be the basis for storing information, and modulating neuronal behaviour. This continuous remodelling is defined as synaptic plasticity. The process of learning involves stable changes in synaptic efficacy. Longterm potentiation in the hippocampus and long-term depression in the cerebellum are two forms of long-lasting synaptic plasticity that currently serve as our primary experimental models of learning and memory formation. In recent years, there have been considerable advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these forms of synaptic plasticity. This report presents an overview of these developments, considers the relationship of long-term synaptic plasticity mechanisms to learning and memory in view of these developments, and suggests future directions for research in this rapidly growing area of neuroscience. Amongst these proposals, any artificial neuronal network model should contain elements that imitate the use-dependent increase (or decrease) of synaptic efficiency.

Research paper thumbnail of інвестування інноваційного розвитку харчових і переробних підприємств

A significant number of existing adobe constructions in Aveiro district presents pronounced struc... more A significant number of existing adobe constructions in Aveiro district presents pronounced structural degradation, which results, in great part, from the lack of sensibility for the preservation of this patrimony, and also from the shortage of knowledge concerning the behaviour of the applied materials. An important difficulty for the technicians working in the rehabilitation of this type of buildings lays indeed in the scarcity of knowledge on the mechanical behaviour of adobe units and adobe walls. The mechanical properties of adobes taken from houses and land dividing walls, representative of the construction in Aveiro district, were investigated. Cylindrical specimens extracted from the collected adobe samples were subjected to compression and splitting tests. This article describes the tests that were carried out and presents the obtained results, discussing them. The achieved results will support the behaviour characterization of existing structures, and help in the calibration of numerical models for the simulation of the adobe constructions behaviour.

Research paper thumbnail of особливості формування та структура доходів селянських домогосподарств

Research paper thumbnail of Performance evaluation of an automatic speech recogniser incorporating a fast adaptive speech separation algorithm

2003 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2003. Proceedings. (ICASSP '03).

This paper addresses the performance evaluation of a speaker-dependent automatic speech recognise... more This paper addresses the performance evaluation of a speaker-dependent automatic speech recogniser (ASR) that employs a speech separation algorithm as a front-end processor. The ASR software used is Dragon NaturallySpeaking (NS) Professional Version 6.1. The word recognition accuracy of NS is known to be very sensitive to background noise due to competing speakers, as well as ambient and environmental disturbances.

Research paper thumbnail of Release Limitation

Speech can potentially provide a natural, efficient and flexible means of user interaction with c... more Speech can potentially provide a natural, efficient and flexible means of user interaction with computers in a messaging and communication environment. This report presents a spoken language data entry and database query concept demonstrator. Firstly, the report discusses a technique for integrating a commercial large-vocabulary continuous speech recogniser with a Lotus Notes database user interface for data entry into Lotus Notes forms. Secondly, the report describes the integration of a number of software components, which include a commercial natural language processing product, in order to produce a query interface to access a Lotus Notes database. The military operators can query a database in plain English to obtain information and to monitor their internal workflow.

Research paper thumbnail of The “Intelligent Listener” in Collaborative Planning

• Extract being a 'best shot'at manually recording the ... more • Extract being a 'best shot'at manually recording the verbal progression of a planning session• Between-rater reliability, the extract was categorised in terms of the Speech Function Network by two observers• Results are represented by extracts from small worked examples with generalisations derived from more extensive analyses of the data

Research paper thumbnail of Recursive least squares solution to source tracking using time difference of arrival

2004 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2004

Abstract A simple recursive tracking algorithm for moving sources is developed based on time diff... more Abstract A simple recursive tracking algorithm for moving sources is developed based on time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements. The proposed algorithm uses location estimates obtained from a stationary source localization algorithm and smoothes them ...

Research paper thumbnail of An Exploratory Study

Modem speech technology is finding many new application areas within Defence. Transcription is on... more Modem speech technology is finding many new application areas within Defence. Transcription is one area where speech recognition technology is starting to replace manual methods. This adoption of speech technology is motivated by its potential to save transcribers significant amotmts of time and physical effort. As part of their evaluation of military organisations, analysts from the Theatre Operational Analysis (TOA) Group within the Command and Control Division (C2D) transcribe recorded information that has been captured during interviews with Defence personnel. An exploratory study was conducted within TOA Group to look at ways of using commercial speech technology to assist in the transcribing of recorded interview material. This report describes the method used and the results obtained from that study. The report also compares traditional manual transcription approaches with newer approaches that make use of speech recognition technology. The qualitative and quantitative result...

Research paper thumbnail of Application of Language Technology to Lotus Notes Based Messaging for Command and Control

Speech can potentially provide a natural, efficient and flexible means of user interaction with c... more Speech can potentially provide a natural, efficient and flexible means of user interaction with computers in a messaging and communication environment. In presenting a spoken language data entry and database query prototype model, this report firstly discusses a technique for integrating a commercial large-vocabulary continuous speech recogniser with a Lotus Notes database user interface for data entry into Lotus Notes forms by speech. Secondly, the report brings together a number of software components, which include a commercial natural language processing product, in order to produce a query interface to access a Lotus Notes database. The military operators can query a database in plain English to obtain information and to monitor their internal workflow.

Research paper thumbnail of Using Speech Technology to Improve Transcriptions: An Exploratory Study

: Modern speech technology is finding many new application areas within Defence. Transcription is... more : Modern speech technology is finding many new application areas within Defence. Transcription is one area where speech recognition technology is starting to replace manual methods. This adoption of speech technology is motivated by its potential to save transcribers significant amounts of time and physical effort. As part of their evaluation of military organisations, analysts from the Theatre Operational Analysis (TOA) Group within the Command and Control Division (C2D) transcribe recorded information that has been captured during interviews with Defence personnel. An exploratory study was conducted within TOA Group to look at ways of using commercial speech technology to assist in the transcribing of recorded interview material. This report describes the method used and the results obtained from that study. The report also compares traditional manual transcription approaches with newer approaches that make use of speech recognition technology. The qualitative and quantitative res...

Research paper thumbnail of Application of Spoken and Natural Language Technologies to Lotus Notes Based Messaging and Communication

: Speech can potentially provide a natural, efficient and flexible means of user interaction with... more : Speech can potentially provide a natural, efficient and flexible means of user interaction with computers in a messaging and communication environment. This report presents a spoken language data entry and database query concept demonstrator. Firstly, the report discusses a technique for integrating a commercial large-vocabulary continuous speech recognizer with a Lotus Notes database user interface for data entry into Lotus Notes forms. Secondly, the report describes the integration of a number of software components, which include a commercial natural language processing product, in order to produce a query interface to access a Lotus Notes database. The military operators can query a database in plain English to obtain information and to monitor their internal workflow.

Research paper thumbnail of Speech-to-text transcription in support of pervasive computing

Speech recognition technology can help transcribe discussions, interviews, meetings, and conversa... more Speech recognition technology can help transcribe discussions, interviews, meetings, and conversations.This paper describes a concept demonstrator of an automatic speech-to-text transcriber that uses speech recognition. It is defined in terms of motivation for the product, how users operate it, and its similarities and differences with other work being carried out in other research and commercial bodies.

Research paper thumbnail of The Effects of Background Noise on the Performance of an Automatic Speech Recogniser

: Ambient or environmental noise is a major factor that affects the performance of an automatic s... more : Ambient or environmental noise is a major factor that affects the performance of an automatic speech recogniser. Large vocabulary, speaker-dependent, continuous speech recognisers are commercially available. Speech recognisers perform well in a quiet environment, but poorly in a noisy environment. Speaker-dependent speech recognisers require training prior to them being tested, where the level of background noise in both phases affects the performance of the recogniser. This study aims to determine whether the best performance of a speech recogniser occurs when the levels of background noise during the training and test phases are the same, and how the performance is affected when the levels of background noise during the training and test phases are different. The relationship between the performance of the speech recogniser and upgrading the computer speed and amount of memory as well as software version was also investigated.

Research paper thumbnail of Automatic Detection and Removal of Disfluencies from Spontaneous Speech

Unlike rehearsed and prepared speech, spontaneous speech contains high occurrence of disfluencies... more Unlike rehearsed and prepared speech, spontaneous speech contains high occurrence of disfluencies, like repetitions, filled pauses, and hesitations. Disfluencies can seriously hamper the word recognition accuracy of an Automatic Speech Recogniser (ASR), by increasing word insertion and deletion and rejection rates. In this paper we introduce signal processing algorithms to automatically identify and remove repetitions and filled pauses from spontaneous speech before passing it to an ASR for transcription. The algorithms are tested with Dragon NaturallySpeaking Speech Recogniser and show significant improvements in the word recognition accuracy, and ensuing reductions in substitution and deletion and insertion errors.

Research paper thumbnail of Neural mechanisms of anaesthesia / Ahmad Hashemi-Sakhtsari

Research paper thumbnail of Untethered Distant Speech-to-Text Transcription Using Arrays of Directional Microphones

This paper considers distant speech recognition in meeting rooms where the microphone cannot be p... more This paper considers distant speech recognition in meeting rooms where the microphone cannot be placed on the table directly in front of a speaker. Two solutions are considered for obtaining sufficient audio quality for speech recognition: an array of shotgun microphones distant from the speakers and an array of hanging (overhead) microphones which can be placed closer to the speakers. Shotgun microphones are typically considered as alternatives to microphone arrays, but in this paper we consider their use as elements in an actual microphone array. Due to their high directivity they provide improved Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), less distortion and higher word accuracy rate from a speech recogniser than arrays using standard gooseneck cardioid microphone elements.

Research paper thumbnail of ‘ Intelligent Listener ’ : Experimentation in a Live H eadquarters

In this paper we report on a feasibility experiment we conducted during EX TENDI WALK at HQAST. T... more In this paper we report on a feasibility experiment we conducted during EX TENDI WALK at HQAST. The purpose of the experiment was to assess the pot ential use of current speech recognition technology in the context of operation planning and to identify the l imitations that will need to be addressed before su ch technology can be installed and used operationally, e.g. in the new Collocated Headquarters. The techn ical limitations of the current set-up did not prevent u s from collecting data which can now be used for an analysis of the interactions during planning sessions. The experiment also helped us ascertain that users are willing to use the technology, even with the relative inconven ience of having to wear a headset, and that they ar e already convinced of the benefits of automatically recordin g planning sessions: auditing and information retri eval, reuse of deliberate and immediate planning products, induction and training for incoming staff. We have identified improvement...

Research paper thumbnail of Performance of Speaker-independent Speech Recognisers for Automatic Recognition of Australian English

This paper investigates the performance of three speaker-independent speech recognisers (SISRs) t... more This paper investigates the performance of three speaker-independent speech recognisers (SISRs) that support continuous speech and are currently available for speaker-independent recognition of English. These speech recognisers were tested using a subset of the Australian National Database Of Spoken Language (ANDOSL) for the recognition of digits, sentences and a short paragraph under the “clean” data condition. The recognition accuracy was evaluated by two sets of tests, one set using a limited number of speakers (i.e. 13 speakers) and the other set using 75 of the speakers in the ANDOSL database. This paper describes the preparation taken to compare the recognisers operating under similar conditions. The paper does not reveal the name of the speech recognisers because the study reported here was limited. Nonetheless, the aim of the evaluation study was to ascertain which of the recognisers would be most suitable for applications in a meeting room where a sub-set of the vocabulary ...

Research paper thumbnail of Speaker Localisation Using Time Difference of Arrival

: This report describes the research and development of speaker localisation to locate the positi... more : This report describes the research and development of speaker localisation to locate the position of a person speaking. Two closed-form localisation techniques were analysed, the first was developed by Schau and Robinson (1987) based on spherical intersection and the other developed by Chan and Ho (1994). Both techniques are based on time difference of arrival measurements. Accordingly three time delay estimators, namely cross-correlation, generalised cross-correlation, and an eigenvalue decomposition based algorithm were analysed. The implementation of the algorithms in Matlab and the results from the analyses are discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Isolated-Word Speaker-Dependent Speech Recognisers

Research paper thumbnail of Mechanisms and properties of long-term synaptic plasticity in the brain: Relationships to learning & memory

PsycEXTRA Dataset

Functional and structural changes in synapses, specific regions for communication between nerve c... more Functional and structural changes in synapses, specific regions for communication between nerve cells, are thought to be the basis for storing information, and modulating neuronal behaviour. This continuous remodelling is defined as synaptic plasticity. The process of learning involves stable changes in synaptic efficacy. Longterm potentiation in the hippocampus and long-term depression in the cerebellum are two forms of long-lasting synaptic plasticity that currently serve as our primary experimental models of learning and memory formation. In recent years, there have been considerable advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these forms of synaptic plasticity. This report presents an overview of these developments, considers the relationship of long-term synaptic plasticity mechanisms to learning and memory in view of these developments, and suggests future directions for research in this rapidly growing area of neuroscience. Amongst these proposals, any artificial neuronal network model should contain elements that imitate the use-dependent increase (or decrease) of synaptic efficiency.

Research paper thumbnail of інвестування інноваційного розвитку харчових і переробних підприємств

A significant number of existing adobe constructions in Aveiro district presents pronounced struc... more A significant number of existing adobe constructions in Aveiro district presents pronounced structural degradation, which results, in great part, from the lack of sensibility for the preservation of this patrimony, and also from the shortage of knowledge concerning the behaviour of the applied materials. An important difficulty for the technicians working in the rehabilitation of this type of buildings lays indeed in the scarcity of knowledge on the mechanical behaviour of adobe units and adobe walls. The mechanical properties of adobes taken from houses and land dividing walls, representative of the construction in Aveiro district, were investigated. Cylindrical specimens extracted from the collected adobe samples were subjected to compression and splitting tests. This article describes the tests that were carried out and presents the obtained results, discussing them. The achieved results will support the behaviour characterization of existing structures, and help in the calibration of numerical models for the simulation of the adobe constructions behaviour.

Research paper thumbnail of особливості формування та структура доходів селянських домогосподарств

Research paper thumbnail of Performance evaluation of an automatic speech recogniser incorporating a fast adaptive speech separation algorithm

2003 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2003. Proceedings. (ICASSP '03).

This paper addresses the performance evaluation of a speaker-dependent automatic speech recognise... more This paper addresses the performance evaluation of a speaker-dependent automatic speech recogniser (ASR) that employs a speech separation algorithm as a front-end processor. The ASR software used is Dragon NaturallySpeaking (NS) Professional Version 6.1. The word recognition accuracy of NS is known to be very sensitive to background noise due to competing speakers, as well as ambient and environmental disturbances.

Research paper thumbnail of Release Limitation

Speech can potentially provide a natural, efficient and flexible means of user interaction with c... more Speech can potentially provide a natural, efficient and flexible means of user interaction with computers in a messaging and communication environment. This report presents a spoken language data entry and database query concept demonstrator. Firstly, the report discusses a technique for integrating a commercial large-vocabulary continuous speech recogniser with a Lotus Notes database user interface for data entry into Lotus Notes forms. Secondly, the report describes the integration of a number of software components, which include a commercial natural language processing product, in order to produce a query interface to access a Lotus Notes database. The military operators can query a database in plain English to obtain information and to monitor their internal workflow.

Research paper thumbnail of The “Intelligent Listener” in Collaborative Planning

• Extract being a 'best shot'at manually recording the ... more • Extract being a 'best shot'at manually recording the verbal progression of a planning session• Between-rater reliability, the extract was categorised in terms of the Speech Function Network by two observers• Results are represented by extracts from small worked examples with generalisations derived from more extensive analyses of the data

Research paper thumbnail of Recursive least squares solution to source tracking using time difference of arrival

2004 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2004

Abstract A simple recursive tracking algorithm for moving sources is developed based on time diff... more Abstract A simple recursive tracking algorithm for moving sources is developed based on time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements. The proposed algorithm uses location estimates obtained from a stationary source localization algorithm and smoothes them ...

Research paper thumbnail of An Exploratory Study

Modem speech technology is finding many new application areas within Defence. Transcription is on... more Modem speech technology is finding many new application areas within Defence. Transcription is one area where speech recognition technology is starting to replace manual methods. This adoption of speech technology is motivated by its potential to save transcribers significant amotmts of time and physical effort. As part of their evaluation of military organisations, analysts from the Theatre Operational Analysis (TOA) Group within the Command and Control Division (C2D) transcribe recorded information that has been captured during interviews with Defence personnel. An exploratory study was conducted within TOA Group to look at ways of using commercial speech technology to assist in the transcribing of recorded interview material. This report describes the method used and the results obtained from that study. The report also compares traditional manual transcription approaches with newer approaches that make use of speech recognition technology. The qualitative and quantitative result...

Research paper thumbnail of Application of Language Technology to Lotus Notes Based Messaging for Command and Control

Speech can potentially provide a natural, efficient and flexible means of user interaction with c... more Speech can potentially provide a natural, efficient and flexible means of user interaction with computers in a messaging and communication environment. In presenting a spoken language data entry and database query prototype model, this report firstly discusses a technique for integrating a commercial large-vocabulary continuous speech recogniser with a Lotus Notes database user interface for data entry into Lotus Notes forms by speech. Secondly, the report brings together a number of software components, which include a commercial natural language processing product, in order to produce a query interface to access a Lotus Notes database. The military operators can query a database in plain English to obtain information and to monitor their internal workflow.

Research paper thumbnail of Using Speech Technology to Improve Transcriptions: An Exploratory Study

: Modern speech technology is finding many new application areas within Defence. Transcription is... more : Modern speech technology is finding many new application areas within Defence. Transcription is one area where speech recognition technology is starting to replace manual methods. This adoption of speech technology is motivated by its potential to save transcribers significant amounts of time and physical effort. As part of their evaluation of military organisations, analysts from the Theatre Operational Analysis (TOA) Group within the Command and Control Division (C2D) transcribe recorded information that has been captured during interviews with Defence personnel. An exploratory study was conducted within TOA Group to look at ways of using commercial speech technology to assist in the transcribing of recorded interview material. This report describes the method used and the results obtained from that study. The report also compares traditional manual transcription approaches with newer approaches that make use of speech recognition technology. The qualitative and quantitative res...

Research paper thumbnail of Application of Spoken and Natural Language Technologies to Lotus Notes Based Messaging and Communication

: Speech can potentially provide a natural, efficient and flexible means of user interaction with... more : Speech can potentially provide a natural, efficient and flexible means of user interaction with computers in a messaging and communication environment. This report presents a spoken language data entry and database query concept demonstrator. Firstly, the report discusses a technique for integrating a commercial large-vocabulary continuous speech recognizer with a Lotus Notes database user interface for data entry into Lotus Notes forms. Secondly, the report describes the integration of a number of software components, which include a commercial natural language processing product, in order to produce a query interface to access a Lotus Notes database. The military operators can query a database in plain English to obtain information and to monitor their internal workflow.

Research paper thumbnail of Speech-to-text transcription in support of pervasive computing

Speech recognition technology can help transcribe discussions, interviews, meetings, and conversa... more Speech recognition technology can help transcribe discussions, interviews, meetings, and conversations.This paper describes a concept demonstrator of an automatic speech-to-text transcriber that uses speech recognition. It is defined in terms of motivation for the product, how users operate it, and its similarities and differences with other work being carried out in other research and commercial bodies.

Research paper thumbnail of The Effects of Background Noise on the Performance of an Automatic Speech Recogniser

: Ambient or environmental noise is a major factor that affects the performance of an automatic s... more : Ambient or environmental noise is a major factor that affects the performance of an automatic speech recogniser. Large vocabulary, speaker-dependent, continuous speech recognisers are commercially available. Speech recognisers perform well in a quiet environment, but poorly in a noisy environment. Speaker-dependent speech recognisers require training prior to them being tested, where the level of background noise in both phases affects the performance of the recogniser. This study aims to determine whether the best performance of a speech recogniser occurs when the levels of background noise during the training and test phases are the same, and how the performance is affected when the levels of background noise during the training and test phases are different. The relationship between the performance of the speech recogniser and upgrading the computer speed and amount of memory as well as software version was also investigated.

Research paper thumbnail of Automatic Detection and Removal of Disfluencies from Spontaneous Speech

Unlike rehearsed and prepared speech, spontaneous speech contains high occurrence of disfluencies... more Unlike rehearsed and prepared speech, spontaneous speech contains high occurrence of disfluencies, like repetitions, filled pauses, and hesitations. Disfluencies can seriously hamper the word recognition accuracy of an Automatic Speech Recogniser (ASR), by increasing word insertion and deletion and rejection rates. In this paper we introduce signal processing algorithms to automatically identify and remove repetitions and filled pauses from spontaneous speech before passing it to an ASR for transcription. The algorithms are tested with Dragon NaturallySpeaking Speech Recogniser and show significant improvements in the word recognition accuracy, and ensuing reductions in substitution and deletion and insertion errors.

Research paper thumbnail of Neural mechanisms of anaesthesia / Ahmad Hashemi-Sakhtsari

Research paper thumbnail of Untethered Distant Speech-to-Text Transcription Using Arrays of Directional Microphones

This paper considers distant speech recognition in meeting rooms where the microphone cannot be p... more This paper considers distant speech recognition in meeting rooms where the microphone cannot be placed on the table directly in front of a speaker. Two solutions are considered for obtaining sufficient audio quality for speech recognition: an array of shotgun microphones distant from the speakers and an array of hanging (overhead) microphones which can be placed closer to the speakers. Shotgun microphones are typically considered as alternatives to microphone arrays, but in this paper we consider their use as elements in an actual microphone array. Due to their high directivity they provide improved Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), less distortion and higher word accuracy rate from a speech recogniser than arrays using standard gooseneck cardioid microphone elements.

Research paper thumbnail of ‘ Intelligent Listener ’ : Experimentation in a Live H eadquarters

In this paper we report on a feasibility experiment we conducted during EX TENDI WALK at HQAST. T... more In this paper we report on a feasibility experiment we conducted during EX TENDI WALK at HQAST. The purpose of the experiment was to assess the pot ential use of current speech recognition technology in the context of operation planning and to identify the l imitations that will need to be addressed before su ch technology can be installed and used operationally, e.g. in the new Collocated Headquarters. The techn ical limitations of the current set-up did not prevent u s from collecting data which can now be used for an analysis of the interactions during planning sessions. The experiment also helped us ascertain that users are willing to use the technology, even with the relative inconven ience of having to wear a headset, and that they ar e already convinced of the benefits of automatically recordin g planning sessions: auditing and information retri eval, reuse of deliberate and immediate planning products, induction and training for incoming staff. We have identified improvement...

Research paper thumbnail of Performance of Speaker-independent Speech Recognisers for Automatic Recognition of Australian English

This paper investigates the performance of three speaker-independent speech recognisers (SISRs) t... more This paper investigates the performance of three speaker-independent speech recognisers (SISRs) that support continuous speech and are currently available for speaker-independent recognition of English. These speech recognisers were tested using a subset of the Australian National Database Of Spoken Language (ANDOSL) for the recognition of digits, sentences and a short paragraph under the “clean” data condition. The recognition accuracy was evaluated by two sets of tests, one set using a limited number of speakers (i.e. 13 speakers) and the other set using 75 of the speakers in the ANDOSL database. This paper describes the preparation taken to compare the recognisers operating under similar conditions. The paper does not reveal the name of the speech recognisers because the study reported here was limited. Nonetheless, the aim of the evaluation study was to ascertain which of the recognisers would be most suitable for applications in a meeting room where a sub-set of the vocabulary ...

Research paper thumbnail of Speaker Localisation Using Time Difference of Arrival

: This report describes the research and development of speaker localisation to locate the positi... more : This report describes the research and development of speaker localisation to locate the position of a person speaking. Two closed-form localisation techniques were analysed, the first was developed by Schau and Robinson (1987) based on spherical intersection and the other developed by Chan and Ho (1994). Both techniques are based on time difference of arrival measurements. Accordingly three time delay estimators, namely cross-correlation, generalised cross-correlation, and an eigenvalue decomposition based algorithm were analysed. The implementation of the algorithms in Matlab and the results from the analyses are discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of Three dimensional microphone and source position estimation using TDOA and TOF measurements

2011 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Communications and Computing (ICSPCC), 2011