Ahmat Khurshid - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Ahmat Khurshid
Laser Physics
Phytocompounds play a key role in prevention and treatment of cancers. The secondary metabolites ... more Phytocompounds play a key role in prevention and treatment of cancers. The secondary metabolites are being studied due to their anticancer and antioxidant properties leading to the finding of new therapeutic agents. Like many medicinal plants, Ficus racemosa (FR) is rich in polyphenols and can be used in cancer treatment. The side effects of existing therapeutic modalities at high doses may be reduced in combination. In this study the anticancer and anti-migration potentials of FR were evaluated, along with its combinational study at low therapeutic dosage with doxorubicin-HCl (Dox-HCl), dacarbazine (DTIC) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The effects of FR leaves extract on the rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells morphology, cell viability, and cell migration ability were investigated by light microscopy, MTT assay, and wound healing cell migration assay respectively. The effect of various FR concentrations on RD cells indicated the potential anticancer effect in a dose dependent manner. The...
Biomedicines
Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. There are several different types of cancer ... more Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. There are several different types of cancer recognized thus far, which can be treated by different approaches including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or a combination thereof. However, these approaches have certain drawbacks and limitations. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is regarded as an alternative noninvasive approach for cancer treatment based on the generation of toxic oxygen (known as reactive oxygen species (ROS)) at the treatment site. PDT requires photoactivation by a photosensitizer (PS) at a specific wavelength (λ) of light in the vicinity of molecular oxygen (singlet oxygen). The cell death mechanisms adopted in PDT upon PS photoactivation are necrosis, apoptosis and stimulation of the immune system. Over the past few decades, the use of natural compounds as a photoactive agent for the selective eradication of neoplastic lesions has attracted researchers’ attention. Many reviews have focused on the PS cell death mod...
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Journal of Cluster Science, May 18, 2022
Hollow capsules with multi-shelled or multicomponent structures are essential materials for vario... more Hollow capsules with multi-shelled or multicomponent structures are essential materials for various applications. Biomedical applications like disease diagnosis, therapy, and monitoring have special significance as they aim to improve health conditions. This review demonstrated a comprehensive overview of hollow, multifunctional structures incorporating meaningful use of nanotechnology and its' unique prospects in medicine such as patient-specific treatment, multimodal imaging, multimodal therapy, simultaneous delivery of drugs and imaging probes, and actively targeted delivery. The internal hollow cavity provides safe and controlled drug release while also enabling transport of functional moieties to target sites. This review explored the performance of different organic, inorganic, and metallic multicomponent capsules that have been reported for biomedical applications, mainly diagnostic imaging and drug delivery. Material compositions, morphologies, and synthesis strategies involved in fabricating such multifunctional systems have been discussed in detail. It is expected that with time, more sophisticated and precise systems will come to light as the outcome of ongoing concentrated research efforts.
Applied Spectroscopy, 2013
The liver performs various functions, such as the production and detoxification of chemicals; the... more The liver performs various functions, such as the production and detoxification of chemicals; therefore, it is susceptible to hepatotoxins such as carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), which causes chronic injury. Thus, assessment of injury and its status of severity are of prime importance. Current work reports an ex vivo study for probing the severance of hepatic injury induced by CCl4 with polarized light over the spectral range 400-800 nm. Different concentrations of CCl4 were used to induce varying severity of hepatic injury in a rat model. Linear retardance, depolarization rates, and diagonal Mueller matrix elements (m22, m33, and m44), were successfully used as the distinguishing criterion for normal and different liver injuries. Our results show that linear retardance for injured liver samples with lower doses of CCl4 tends to increase when compared with normal liver samples, while samples injured at higher doses of CCl4 offer almost no retardance. Total, linear, and circular depolarizations follow decreasing trends with increased liver injury severity over the entire investigated wavelength range. Linear polarization states were observed to be better maintained as compared to circular polarization states for all samples. Furthermore, numerical values of diagonal elements of the experimentally measured Mueller matrix also increase with increasing doses of CCl4. Liver fibroses, change in transport albedo, and the relative refractive index of the extracellular matrix caused by CCl4 are responsible for the observed differences. These results will provide a pathway to gauge the severity of injury caused by toxic chemicals.
Journal of King Saud University - Science
Laser Physics Letters, 2010
The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of cell death by photodynamic therapy (PDT... more The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of cell death by photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the Rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cell line. The present study evaluates the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-ALA as photosensitizer using human muscle cancer cells as experimental model. We study the photosensitizer uptake, cytotoxicity, phototoxicity, and cellular viability of the RD cells which was estimated by means of neutral-red spectrophotometric assay. The given experiment was consisted of two steps. For the first one, RD cells were exposed to 5-ALA at concentrations of 0 up to 1000 μg of ALA/ml in minimum essential medium (MEM). The optimal uptake of photosensitizer (5-ALA) in RD cells was investigated by means of spectrometric measurements. Cells viability was determined by means of neutral red assay (NRA). In the second step, 5-ALA exposed RD cells were irradiated with red light (a diode laser, λ = 635 nm) at total light dose of 80 J/cm 2. The influence of different incubation times and concentrations of 5-ALA, different irradiation doses and various combinations of photosensitizer and light doses on the viability of RD cells were investigated. It was observed that sensitizer concentration or light doses have no significant effect on cells viability when studied independently. The maximal cellular uptake occurred after 47 hours in vitro incubation. The phototoxic assay showed that ALA-PDT induced killing of 76% of the cells at 250 μg/ml drug dose and 80 J/cm 2 light dose.
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Nanoparticles are extensively used as efficient drug carriers in various biological studies. PEGy... more Nanoparticles are extensively used as efficient drug carriers in various biological studies. PEGylated barium manganate powder consisting of nanoparticles was synthesized using a hydrothermal technique. The nanoparticle morphology of the powder was confirmed via scanning electron microscopy. The average diameter of the nanoparticles was ∼90 nm. The x-ray diffraction pattern revealed that these nanoparticles consisted of single phase polycrystalline 2H-BaMnO3. The PEGylated BaMnO3 nanoparticles were loaded with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) to evaluate their drug carrying potential. The toxicity of these nanoparticles was tested against the Hep2c cell line and found to be suitable for biological applications. It was seen that the drug uptake was a million times higher in the case of encapsulation compared to a conventional drug delivery system. This new formulation may find extensive use in nanomedicine as a multidrug delivery system.
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines
The main challenge in the cancer treatment is the on-target drug delivery to the affected cells. ... more The main challenge in the cancer treatment is the on-target drug delivery to the affected cells. Various therapies have been designed to target the affected cells efficiently but still the success is awaited. An iron and cobalt nanocomposite for the effective drug delivery to target cells was designed. The photodynamic effect of anticancer drugs loaded with iron oxide and cobalt ferrite nanomaterials coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was studied. The iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and cobalt ferrite (CF) NPs without the loaded drugs were characterized by UV, XRD, FTIR, SEM and EDX techniques. The photodynamic effect of the photosensitizer, doxorubicin, and dacarbazine loaded nanomaterials were screened against human rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cells after incubation for 3 h, 24 h, and 48 h using MTT assay. The combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with chemo drugs is studied over different doses. When RMS cells were exposed to nanomaterials loaded with chemo drugs and PDT alone, ...
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
Key Engineering Materials
The aim of this study is to investigate the photoluminescence (PL) properties of europium (Eu) do... more The aim of this study is to investigate the photoluminescence (PL) properties of europium (Eu) doped alumina as potential platform for simultaneous bio Imaging and drug delivery. Synthesis of Eu doped alumina is done by a facile two step method. In the first stage, hydrothermal synthesis is used to prepare the Eu doped ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide which is then calcined to get a crystalline Eu doped alumina. Structural characterization of the prepared sample is done through XRD and SEM. Photoluminescence spectroscopy is performed in order the study the PL response. The SEM images of the Eu doped sample revealed whisker shaped morphology, the porosity in the inter and intra whisker region is beneficial for the high drug loading capacity. The length of the bundle after annealing was about 5 µm with the bundle diameter of 0.45 µm. XRD patterns of the prepared sample has sharp peaks, showing a high degree of crystallinity corresponding to the α-alumina phase. Finally PL respons...
Key Engineering Materials
The drug loading capability and inherent cytotoxicity of mesoporous silica particles are two prim... more The drug loading capability and inherent cytotoxicity of mesoporous silica particles are two prime considerations for targeted drug delivery applications. In current study, uncoated mesoporous silica (UMS) carrier particles were synthesized by sol-gel emulsion approach. The morphology and structure of UMS was thoroughly characterized using atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements reveal that mono dispersed silica particles have an average size of 250 nm with narrow size distribution. The pore size was measured as 47nm. Concentration dependent biocompatibility of UMS was evaluated using MTT assay with Hep-2c cancer cell line and cell viability of ~65% at concentrations of 7.5 nM was observed. Finally, the drug loading capability of UMS carrier was studied using ibuprofen as a model drug.
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Laser Physics
Phytocompounds play a key role in prevention and treatment of cancers. The secondary metabolites ... more Phytocompounds play a key role in prevention and treatment of cancers. The secondary metabolites are being studied due to their anticancer and antioxidant properties leading to the finding of new therapeutic agents. Like many medicinal plants, Ficus racemosa (FR) is rich in polyphenols and can be used in cancer treatment. The side effects of existing therapeutic modalities at high doses may be reduced in combination. In this study the anticancer and anti-migration potentials of FR were evaluated, along with its combinational study at low therapeutic dosage with doxorubicin-HCl (Dox-HCl), dacarbazine (DTIC) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The effects of FR leaves extract on the rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells morphology, cell viability, and cell migration ability were investigated by light microscopy, MTT assay, and wound healing cell migration assay respectively. The effect of various FR concentrations on RD cells indicated the potential anticancer effect in a dose dependent manner. The...
Biomedicines
Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. There are several different types of cancer ... more Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. There are several different types of cancer recognized thus far, which can be treated by different approaches including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or a combination thereof. However, these approaches have certain drawbacks and limitations. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is regarded as an alternative noninvasive approach for cancer treatment based on the generation of toxic oxygen (known as reactive oxygen species (ROS)) at the treatment site. PDT requires photoactivation by a photosensitizer (PS) at a specific wavelength (λ) of light in the vicinity of molecular oxygen (singlet oxygen). The cell death mechanisms adopted in PDT upon PS photoactivation are necrosis, apoptosis and stimulation of the immune system. Over the past few decades, the use of natural compounds as a photoactive agent for the selective eradication of neoplastic lesions has attracted researchers’ attention. Many reviews have focused on the PS cell death mod...
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Journal of Cluster Science, May 18, 2022
Hollow capsules with multi-shelled or multicomponent structures are essential materials for vario... more Hollow capsules with multi-shelled or multicomponent structures are essential materials for various applications. Biomedical applications like disease diagnosis, therapy, and monitoring have special significance as they aim to improve health conditions. This review demonstrated a comprehensive overview of hollow, multifunctional structures incorporating meaningful use of nanotechnology and its' unique prospects in medicine such as patient-specific treatment, multimodal imaging, multimodal therapy, simultaneous delivery of drugs and imaging probes, and actively targeted delivery. The internal hollow cavity provides safe and controlled drug release while also enabling transport of functional moieties to target sites. This review explored the performance of different organic, inorganic, and metallic multicomponent capsules that have been reported for biomedical applications, mainly diagnostic imaging and drug delivery. Material compositions, morphologies, and synthesis strategies involved in fabricating such multifunctional systems have been discussed in detail. It is expected that with time, more sophisticated and precise systems will come to light as the outcome of ongoing concentrated research efforts.
Applied Spectroscopy, 2013
The liver performs various functions, such as the production and detoxification of chemicals; the... more The liver performs various functions, such as the production and detoxification of chemicals; therefore, it is susceptible to hepatotoxins such as carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), which causes chronic injury. Thus, assessment of injury and its status of severity are of prime importance. Current work reports an ex vivo study for probing the severance of hepatic injury induced by CCl4 with polarized light over the spectral range 400-800 nm. Different concentrations of CCl4 were used to induce varying severity of hepatic injury in a rat model. Linear retardance, depolarization rates, and diagonal Mueller matrix elements (m22, m33, and m44), were successfully used as the distinguishing criterion for normal and different liver injuries. Our results show that linear retardance for injured liver samples with lower doses of CCl4 tends to increase when compared with normal liver samples, while samples injured at higher doses of CCl4 offer almost no retardance. Total, linear, and circular depolarizations follow decreasing trends with increased liver injury severity over the entire investigated wavelength range. Linear polarization states were observed to be better maintained as compared to circular polarization states for all samples. Furthermore, numerical values of diagonal elements of the experimentally measured Mueller matrix also increase with increasing doses of CCl4. Liver fibroses, change in transport albedo, and the relative refractive index of the extracellular matrix caused by CCl4 are responsible for the observed differences. These results will provide a pathway to gauge the severity of injury caused by toxic chemicals.
Journal of King Saud University - Science
Laser Physics Letters, 2010
The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of cell death by photodynamic therapy (PDT... more The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of cell death by photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the Rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cell line. The present study evaluates the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-ALA as photosensitizer using human muscle cancer cells as experimental model. We study the photosensitizer uptake, cytotoxicity, phototoxicity, and cellular viability of the RD cells which was estimated by means of neutral-red spectrophotometric assay. The given experiment was consisted of two steps. For the first one, RD cells were exposed to 5-ALA at concentrations of 0 up to 1000 μg of ALA/ml in minimum essential medium (MEM). The optimal uptake of photosensitizer (5-ALA) in RD cells was investigated by means of spectrometric measurements. Cells viability was determined by means of neutral red assay (NRA). In the second step, 5-ALA exposed RD cells were irradiated with red light (a diode laser, λ = 635 nm) at total light dose of 80 J/cm 2. The influence of different incubation times and concentrations of 5-ALA, different irradiation doses and various combinations of photosensitizer and light doses on the viability of RD cells were investigated. It was observed that sensitizer concentration or light doses have no significant effect on cells viability when studied independently. The maximal cellular uptake occurred after 47 hours in vitro incubation. The phototoxic assay showed that ALA-PDT induced killing of 76% of the cells at 250 μg/ml drug dose and 80 J/cm 2 light dose.
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Nanoparticles are extensively used as efficient drug carriers in various biological studies. PEGy... more Nanoparticles are extensively used as efficient drug carriers in various biological studies. PEGylated barium manganate powder consisting of nanoparticles was synthesized using a hydrothermal technique. The nanoparticle morphology of the powder was confirmed via scanning electron microscopy. The average diameter of the nanoparticles was ∼90 nm. The x-ray diffraction pattern revealed that these nanoparticles consisted of single phase polycrystalline 2H-BaMnO3. The PEGylated BaMnO3 nanoparticles were loaded with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) to evaluate their drug carrying potential. The toxicity of these nanoparticles was tested against the Hep2c cell line and found to be suitable for biological applications. It was seen that the drug uptake was a million times higher in the case of encapsulation compared to a conventional drug delivery system. This new formulation may find extensive use in nanomedicine as a multidrug delivery system.
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines
The main challenge in the cancer treatment is the on-target drug delivery to the affected cells. ... more The main challenge in the cancer treatment is the on-target drug delivery to the affected cells. Various therapies have been designed to target the affected cells efficiently but still the success is awaited. An iron and cobalt nanocomposite for the effective drug delivery to target cells was designed. The photodynamic effect of anticancer drugs loaded with iron oxide and cobalt ferrite nanomaterials coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was studied. The iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and cobalt ferrite (CF) NPs without the loaded drugs were characterized by UV, XRD, FTIR, SEM and EDX techniques. The photodynamic effect of the photosensitizer, doxorubicin, and dacarbazine loaded nanomaterials were screened against human rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cells after incubation for 3 h, 24 h, and 48 h using MTT assay. The combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with chemo drugs is studied over different doses. When RMS cells were exposed to nanomaterials loaded with chemo drugs and PDT alone, ...
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
Key Engineering Materials
The aim of this study is to investigate the photoluminescence (PL) properties of europium (Eu) do... more The aim of this study is to investigate the photoluminescence (PL) properties of europium (Eu) doped alumina as potential platform for simultaneous bio Imaging and drug delivery. Synthesis of Eu doped alumina is done by a facile two step method. In the first stage, hydrothermal synthesis is used to prepare the Eu doped ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide which is then calcined to get a crystalline Eu doped alumina. Structural characterization of the prepared sample is done through XRD and SEM. Photoluminescence spectroscopy is performed in order the study the PL response. The SEM images of the Eu doped sample revealed whisker shaped morphology, the porosity in the inter and intra whisker region is beneficial for the high drug loading capacity. The length of the bundle after annealing was about 5 µm with the bundle diameter of 0.45 µm. XRD patterns of the prepared sample has sharp peaks, showing a high degree of crystallinity corresponding to the α-alumina phase. Finally PL respons...
Key Engineering Materials
The drug loading capability and inherent cytotoxicity of mesoporous silica particles are two prim... more The drug loading capability and inherent cytotoxicity of mesoporous silica particles are two prime considerations for targeted drug delivery applications. In current study, uncoated mesoporous silica (UMS) carrier particles were synthesized by sol-gel emulsion approach. The morphology and structure of UMS was thoroughly characterized using atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements reveal that mono dispersed silica particles have an average size of 250 nm with narrow size distribution. The pore size was measured as 47nm. Concentration dependent biocompatibility of UMS was evaluated using MTT assay with Hep-2c cancer cell line and cell viability of ~65% at concentrations of 7.5 nM was observed. Finally, the drug loading capability of UMS carrier was studied using ibuprofen as a model drug.
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy