Ahmet Topal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ahmet Topal

Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 2008

Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 2011

Nigella sativa (NS) has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activitie... more Nigella sativa (NS) has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activities in different conditions. The present work was done to investigate the possible effects of Nigella sativa aqueous extracts (NS) on gastric acid secretion in isolated rat stomach. Gastric acid secretion was measured in the isolated rat stomach preparation. The results obtained in vitro experiments showed that doses of 2 mg/100 ml DMSO and 5 mg/100 ml DMSO of NS aqueous extracts reduced gastric acid secretion stimulated by histamine and 5 mg/100 ml DMSO of NS aqueous extracts reduced gastric acid secretion stimulated by bethanechol, but none of the dosis of NS did affect pentagastrin-induced acid secretion. The present results suggest that NS has a gastroprotective effect, probably due to reducing gastric acid secretion.

Ataturk Universitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 2012

Toxicology and Industrial Health, 2011

CITATIONS 4 READS 34 6 authors, including:

Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2009

Nigella sativa (NS) has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activitie... more Nigella sativa (NS) has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activities in different conditions. The present work was done to investigate the possible effects of Nigella sativa aqueous extracts (NS) on gastric acid secretion in isolated rat stomach. Gastric acid secretion was measured in the isolated rat stomach preparation. The results obtained in vitro experiments showed that doses of 2 mg/100 ml DMSO and 5 mg/100 ml DMSO of NS aqueous extracts reduced gastric acid secretion stimulated by histamine and 5 mg/100 ml DMSO of NS aqueous extracts reduced gastric acid secretion stimulated by bethanechol, but none of the dosis of NS did affect pentagastrin-induced acid secretion. The present results suggest that NS has a gastroprotective effect, probably due to reducing gastric acid secretion.

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2017

Linuron is a widely used herbicide to control grasses and annual broad leaf weeds. It is known th... more Linuron is a widely used herbicide to control grasses and annual broad leaf weeds. It is known that linuron has toxic effects on different organisms. However, the toxic effects of linuron on aquatic organisms, especially fish, is completely unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate changes in 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) activity, histopathological changes, antioxidant responses and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in rainbow trout brain after exposure to linuron. Fish were exposed to 30μg/L, 120μg/L and 240μg/L concentrations of linuron for twenty-one days. Brain tissues were taken from fish for 8-OHdG and NFkB activity, histopathological examination and determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Our data indicated that high linuron concentrations caused a decrease in GSH levels, SOD and CAT activities in brain tissues (p<0.05). LPO levels were significantly increased by 240μg/L linuron. All concentrations caused a significant inhibition in brain AChE enzyme activity (p<0.05). Immunopositivity was detected for 8-OHdG and NFkB, and linuron exposure caused histopathological damage to the brain tissues. The results of this study can provide useful information for understanding of linuron-induced toxicity.

Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Apr 14, 2013

This study was conducted to determine the histopathological and biochemical effects of humic acid... more This study was conducted to determine the histopathological and biochemical effects of humic acid on cadmium stress in liver and kidney tissues of Salmo trutta fario, L. The fish were treated in four groups as follows and were exposed to chemicals for 7 days: control (C), cadmium (2 ppm) (Cd), humic acid (5 ppm) (HA) and humic acid + cadmium (Cd + HA). At the end of the experimental period, liver and kidney samples were taken from all fish for histopathological examination and determination of antioxidant enzyme (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Activity of GPx and SOD in the tissues of fish exposed to the stress of Cd was significantly lower than the control groups (P<0.05). MDA level increased (P<0.05) in cadmium exposed groups, whereas fish receiving cadmium with humic acid returned to normal MDA levels in the liver. The cadmium-induced histopathological alterations were also decreased with humic acid. These results suggest that humic acid may mediate cadmium toxicity.

Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 09712119 2015 1031784, Apr 24, 2015

Boric acid (BA) is an essential nutrient for plants and many organisms, but it has become an envi... more Boric acid (BA) is an essential nutrient for plants and many organisms, but it has become an environmental contaminant because of widespread use. Pesticide and its compounds are a serious threat to aquatic organisms. This study was carried out to determine the histopathological effects of acute exposure to BA concentrations in rainbow trout. The fish were exposed to 10 2 and 10 3 mg/L concentrations of BA. Tissues were sampled at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h. Histopathological alterations occurring in tissues were common in both doses of BA. Gill tissues showed lamellar oedema, cellulary infiltration, lamellar disorganization, degenerative changes and lamellar thickening. Kidneys had glomerular oedema and glomerulonephritis, degeneration of the tubulary epithelium, interstitial fibrosis and a hyaline cast within the tubular lumens. Muscle tissues displayed interstitial oedema and degenerative and atrophic changes to varying degrees in the myofibrils. Our study shows that BA can be toxic for rainbow trout and cause histopathological damage in fish tissue.

Fresenius Environmental Bulletin

Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

It was biochemically and histopathologically investigated whether humic acid (HA) has protective ... more It was biochemically and histopathologically investigated whether humic acid (HA) has protective effects on cadmium (Cd) toxicity on muscle and gills of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario Linnaeus, 1792). The brown trout were exposed to cadmium (2 ppm) and/or humic acid (5 ppm). For this purpose, levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) was investigated in muscle and gills tissues of brown trout. The activities of GPx and SOD in the tissues of fish exposed to Cd was significantly lower than the control groups (P<0.05). MDA levels did not increase in the groups exposed to cadmium (P>0.05). Hovewer, humic acid did not affect biochemical damage in cadmium group. Cd caused a significant increase in histopathological changes in muscle and gills tissues, but histopathological changes were lower in the muscle tissue of Cd+HA group. These results suggest that humic acid may counteract the cadmium toxicity in muscles tissue in histopatholog...

Journal of Applied Animal Research, 2015

Boric acid (BA) is an essential nutrient for plants and many organisms, but it has become an envi... more Boric acid (BA) is an essential nutrient for plants and many organisms, but it has become an environmental contaminant because of widespread use. Pesticide and its compounds are a serious threat to aquatic organisms. This study was carried out to determine the histopathological effects of acute exposure to BA concentrations in rainbow trout. The fish were exposed to 10 2 and 10 3 mg/L concentrations of BA. Tissues were sampled at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h. Histopathological alterations occurring in tissues were common in both doses of BA. Gill tissues showed lamellar oedema, cellulary infiltration, lamellar disorganization, degenerative changes and lamellar thickening. Kidneys had glomerular oedema and glomerulonephritis, degeneration of the tubulary epithelium, interstitial fibrosis and a hyaline cast within the tubular lumens. Muscle tissues displayed interstitial oedema and degenerative and atrophic changes to varying degrees in the myofibrils. Our study shows that BA can be toxic for rainbow trout and cause histopathological damage in fish tissue.

Journal of Applied Animal Research, 2015

Chlorpyrifos is widely used to control agricultural pests associated with fruit, nut and vegetabl... more Chlorpyrifos is widely used to control agricultural pests associated with fruit, nut and vegetable crops, despite its toxic effects and potential brain alterations in aquatic organisms. This study was carried out to determine the in vivo and in vitro effects of chlorpyrifos on rainbow trout brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity. The fish were exposed to 2.25 µg/L (25% of 96 h LC 50 ), 4.5 µg/L (50% of 96 h LC 50 ) and 6.75 µg/L (75% of 96 h LC 50 ) of chlorpyrifos for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. In vitro studies, inhibition constants (K i ) and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) values for chlorpyrifos were determined by Lineweaver-Burk graphs and by plotting activity percentage vs.

Toxicology and industrial health, 2011

This study was designed to investigate the qualitative and quantitative changes in brain tissue f... more This study was designed to investigate the qualitative and quantitative changes in brain tissue following aluminum chloride (AlCl(3)) administration and to determine whether boric acid (BA) has a protective effect against brain damage induced by AlCl( 3). For this aim, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly separated into eight groups: (1) control, (2) AlCl(3) (5 mg/kg/day), (3, 4 and 5) BA (3.25, 36 and 58.5 mg/kg/day), (6, 7 and 8) AlCl(3) (5 mg/kg/day) plus BA (3.25, 36 and 58.5 mg/kg/day). After the animals were killed, the total numbers of neuron in the brain of all groups were determined using an unbiased stereological analysis. In addition to the stereological analysis, all brains were examined histopathologically by using light and electron microscopy. The stereological and histopathological results indicated a high damage of the rat brain tissues in the AlCl(3) and AlCl(3) + high dose BA (36 and 58.5) treatment groups. However, protective effects on neuron were observed in the A...

Tissue and Cell, 2014

We investigated apoptotic effects and changes in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme ... more We investigated apoptotic effects and changes in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme activity in liver and gill tissues of fish exposed to chlorpyrifos. Three different chlorpyrifos doses (2.25, 4.5 and 6.75 g/L) were administrated to rainbow trout at different time intervals (24, 48, 72 and 96 h). Acute exposure to chlorpyrifos showed time dependent decrease in G6PD enzyme activity at all concentrations (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical results showed that chlorpyrifos caused mucous cell loss in gill tissue and apoptosis via caspase-3 activation in fish. The present study suggested that chlorpyrifos inhibits G6PD enzyme and causes mucous cell loss in gill and apoptosis in gill and liver tissues.

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2015

The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical, immunohistochemical, and histopathologica... more The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical, immunohistochemical, and histopathological effects of nickel chloride (Ni) in the rainbow trout brain. Fish were exposed to Ni concentrations (1 mg/L and 2 mg/L) for 21 days. At the end of the experimental period, brain tissues were taken from all fish for c-Fos activity and histopathological examination and determination of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and glutathione (GSH) levels. Our results showed that Ni treatment caused a significant increase in the brain SOD activity and in LPO and GSH levels (p \ 0.05), but it significantly decreased AChE and CAT enzyme activities (p \ 0.05). Strong induction in c-Fos was observed in some cerebral and cerebellar regions of fish exposed to Ni concentrations when compared with the control group. However, c-Fos activity was decreased in necrotic Purkinje cells. Brain tissues were characterized by demyelination and necrotic changes. These results suggested that Ni treatment causes oxidative stress, changes in c-Fos activity, and histopathological damage in the fish brain.

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 2014

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide widely used in agriculture and aquaculture. This stu... more Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide widely used in agriculture and aquaculture. This study investigated its effects on carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme activity and histopathology of rainbow trout gill and liver. The fish were exposed to 2.25 (25 % of 96 h LC 50 ), 4.5 (50 % of 96 h LC 50 ), and 6.75 µg L -1 (75 % of 96 h LC 50 ) of chlorpyrifos for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. CA activity was measured in liver and gills and histopathological changes were examined by light microscopy. The most common liver changes at most of the chlorpyrifos concentrations were hyperaemia and degenerative changes. Gill tissues were characterised by lamellar hyperaemia, lamellar oedemas, clumping, cellular degeneration, hyperplasia, and lamellar atrophy. CA enzyme activity in the gills decreased at all concentrations at 48, 72, and 96 h after exposure to chlorpyrifos (p<0.05). Similarly, there was a time-dependent decrease in CA activity at all of the concentrations in liver tissues (p<0.05). The present study indicated that chlorpyrifos inhibits CA enzyme activity and causes histopathological damage in gill and liver tissues.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2015

This study aims to determine the effect of glyphosate on the transcriptional and enzymatic activi... more This study aims to determine the effect of glyphosate on the transcriptional and enzymatic activity of antioxidant metabolism enzymes of juvenile rainbow trout with short term (6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h) and long term (21 days) exposures followed by a recovery treatment. This study also aims to determine the effects of glyphosate exposure on liver tissue damage and swimming performance due to short term (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/L) and long term (2.5 and 5 mg/L) exposures. Following pesticide administration, ten fish, each as a sample, were caught at 6th, 12th, 24th, 48th and 96th -h for the short term, and at 21st day for the long term exposure study. GPx activity was found to be significantly induced 12 h after the exposure to 2.5 mg/L of glyphosate as compared with the control group. A similar degree of induction was also observed for CAT activity but not for SOD. For long term exposure, except for the GPx activity after exposure to 5 mg/L of glyphosate, the activities of all other enzymes remained on a par with the control group. It was also observed that the levels of gene expression of these enzymes were not comparable with each other. It is assumed that these differences might result from the effect of glyphosate before translation and the possible reasons for this scenario are also discussed. The results of swimming performance are found to be consistent with responses of the antioxidant system, and they are attributed to the energy metabolism. The data are also supported with liver histopathology analysis.

Renal Failure, 2009

Haloperidol, a typical antipsychotic, is the most commonly prescribed medication for the treatmen... more Haloperidol, a typical antipsychotic, is the most commonly prescribed medication for the treatment of mental health problems such as agitation and psychosis. We attempted to determine the effects of haloperidol treatment on the kidneys of female rats. In addition, we aimed to estimate the numerical density, total number, and height of renal glomeruli and the volume and volumetric fractions of the cortex, medulla, and whole kidneys, and tried to determine whether there was a change in these stereological parameters depending on haloperidol treatment. Both the qualitative and quantitative histological features of the kidney samples were analyzed with conventional histopathological and modern stereological methods at the light microscopic level. The total number of glomeruli and numerical density of glomerulus in the haloperidol-treated groups was not changed by increasing the dose in comparison to the control group. The mean height of the glomerulus significantly increased, especially in low-dose groups. In the haloperidol-treated groups, the volumetric fractions of the cortex to the whole kidney of the rats were significantly decreased by increasing the dose. The volumetric fractions of the medulla to the whole kidney of the rats were increased significantly in parallel by the given dose. In addition, we present quantitative findings showing that haloperidol is associated with many alterations in rat kidneys. It was shown that haloperidol may lead to undesirable changes in the kidney after chronic treatment with especially high doses.

Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 2008

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 2008

Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 2011

Nigella sativa (NS) has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activitie... more Nigella sativa (NS) has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activities in different conditions. The present work was done to investigate the possible effects of Nigella sativa aqueous extracts (NS) on gastric acid secretion in isolated rat stomach. Gastric acid secretion was measured in the isolated rat stomach preparation. The results obtained in vitro experiments showed that doses of 2 mg/100 ml DMSO and 5 mg/100 ml DMSO of NS aqueous extracts reduced gastric acid secretion stimulated by histamine and 5 mg/100 ml DMSO of NS aqueous extracts reduced gastric acid secretion stimulated by bethanechol, but none of the dosis of NS did affect pentagastrin-induced acid secretion. The present results suggest that NS has a gastroprotective effect, probably due to reducing gastric acid secretion.

Ataturk Universitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 2012

Toxicology and Industrial Health, 2011

CITATIONS 4 READS 34 6 authors, including:

Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2009

Nigella sativa (NS) has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activitie... more Nigella sativa (NS) has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activities in different conditions. The present work was done to investigate the possible effects of Nigella sativa aqueous extracts (NS) on gastric acid secretion in isolated rat stomach. Gastric acid secretion was measured in the isolated rat stomach preparation. The results obtained in vitro experiments showed that doses of 2 mg/100 ml DMSO and 5 mg/100 ml DMSO of NS aqueous extracts reduced gastric acid secretion stimulated by histamine and 5 mg/100 ml DMSO of NS aqueous extracts reduced gastric acid secretion stimulated by bethanechol, but none of the dosis of NS did affect pentagastrin-induced acid secretion. The present results suggest that NS has a gastroprotective effect, probably due to reducing gastric acid secretion.

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2017

Linuron is a widely used herbicide to control grasses and annual broad leaf weeds. It is known th... more Linuron is a widely used herbicide to control grasses and annual broad leaf weeds. It is known that linuron has toxic effects on different organisms. However, the toxic effects of linuron on aquatic organisms, especially fish, is completely unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate changes in 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) activity, histopathological changes, antioxidant responses and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in rainbow trout brain after exposure to linuron. Fish were exposed to 30μg/L, 120μg/L and 240μg/L concentrations of linuron for twenty-one days. Brain tissues were taken from fish for 8-OHdG and NFkB activity, histopathological examination and determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Our data indicated that high linuron concentrations caused a decrease in GSH levels, SOD and CAT activities in brain tissues (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05). LPO levels were significantly increased by 240μg/L linuron. All concentrations caused a significant inhibition in brain AChE enzyme activity (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05). Immunopositivity was detected for 8-OHdG and NFkB, and linuron exposure caused histopathological damage to the brain tissues. The results of this study can provide useful information for understanding of linuron-induced toxicity.

Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Apr 14, 2013

This study was conducted to determine the histopathological and biochemical effects of humic acid... more This study was conducted to determine the histopathological and biochemical effects of humic acid on cadmium stress in liver and kidney tissues of Salmo trutta fario, L. The fish were treated in four groups as follows and were exposed to chemicals for 7 days: control (C), cadmium (2 ppm) (Cd), humic acid (5 ppm) (HA) and humic acid + cadmium (Cd + HA). At the end of the experimental period, liver and kidney samples were taken from all fish for histopathological examination and determination of antioxidant enzyme (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Activity of GPx and SOD in the tissues of fish exposed to the stress of Cd was significantly lower than the control groups (P<0.05). MDA level increased (P<0.05) in cadmium exposed groups, whereas fish receiving cadmium with humic acid returned to normal MDA levels in the liver. The cadmium-induced histopathological alterations were also decreased with humic acid. These results suggest that humic acid may mediate cadmium toxicity.

Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 09712119 2015 1031784, Apr 24, 2015

Boric acid (BA) is an essential nutrient for plants and many organisms, but it has become an envi... more Boric acid (BA) is an essential nutrient for plants and many organisms, but it has become an environmental contaminant because of widespread use. Pesticide and its compounds are a serious threat to aquatic organisms. This study was carried out to determine the histopathological effects of acute exposure to BA concentrations in rainbow trout. The fish were exposed to 10 2 and 10 3 mg/L concentrations of BA. Tissues were sampled at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h. Histopathological alterations occurring in tissues were common in both doses of BA. Gill tissues showed lamellar oedema, cellulary infiltration, lamellar disorganization, degenerative changes and lamellar thickening. Kidneys had glomerular oedema and glomerulonephritis, degeneration of the tubulary epithelium, interstitial fibrosis and a hyaline cast within the tubular lumens. Muscle tissues displayed interstitial oedema and degenerative and atrophic changes to varying degrees in the myofibrils. Our study shows that BA can be toxic for rainbow trout and cause histopathological damage in fish tissue.

Fresenius Environmental Bulletin

Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

It was biochemically and histopathologically investigated whether humic acid (HA) has protective ... more It was biochemically and histopathologically investigated whether humic acid (HA) has protective effects on cadmium (Cd) toxicity on muscle and gills of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario Linnaeus, 1792). The brown trout were exposed to cadmium (2 ppm) and/or humic acid (5 ppm). For this purpose, levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) was investigated in muscle and gills tissues of brown trout. The activities of GPx and SOD in the tissues of fish exposed to Cd was significantly lower than the control groups (P<0.05). MDA levels did not increase in the groups exposed to cadmium (P>0.05). Hovewer, humic acid did not affect biochemical damage in cadmium group. Cd caused a significant increase in histopathological changes in muscle and gills tissues, but histopathological changes were lower in the muscle tissue of Cd+HA group. These results suggest that humic acid may counteract the cadmium toxicity in muscles tissue in histopatholog...

Journal of Applied Animal Research, 2015

Boric acid (BA) is an essential nutrient for plants and many organisms, but it has become an envi... more Boric acid (BA) is an essential nutrient for plants and many organisms, but it has become an environmental contaminant because of widespread use. Pesticide and its compounds are a serious threat to aquatic organisms. This study was carried out to determine the histopathological effects of acute exposure to BA concentrations in rainbow trout. The fish were exposed to 10 2 and 10 3 mg/L concentrations of BA. Tissues were sampled at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h. Histopathological alterations occurring in tissues were common in both doses of BA. Gill tissues showed lamellar oedema, cellulary infiltration, lamellar disorganization, degenerative changes and lamellar thickening. Kidneys had glomerular oedema and glomerulonephritis, degeneration of the tubulary epithelium, interstitial fibrosis and a hyaline cast within the tubular lumens. Muscle tissues displayed interstitial oedema and degenerative and atrophic changes to varying degrees in the myofibrils. Our study shows that BA can be toxic for rainbow trout and cause histopathological damage in fish tissue.

Journal of Applied Animal Research, 2015

Chlorpyrifos is widely used to control agricultural pests associated with fruit, nut and vegetabl... more Chlorpyrifos is widely used to control agricultural pests associated with fruit, nut and vegetable crops, despite its toxic effects and potential brain alterations in aquatic organisms. This study was carried out to determine the in vivo and in vitro effects of chlorpyrifos on rainbow trout brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity. The fish were exposed to 2.25 µg/L (25% of 96 h LC 50 ), 4.5 µg/L (50% of 96 h LC 50 ) and 6.75 µg/L (75% of 96 h LC 50 ) of chlorpyrifos for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. In vitro studies, inhibition constants (K i ) and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) values for chlorpyrifos were determined by Lineweaver-Burk graphs and by plotting activity percentage vs.

Toxicology and industrial health, 2011

This study was designed to investigate the qualitative and quantitative changes in brain tissue f... more This study was designed to investigate the qualitative and quantitative changes in brain tissue following aluminum chloride (AlCl(3)) administration and to determine whether boric acid (BA) has a protective effect against brain damage induced by AlCl( 3). For this aim, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly separated into eight groups: (1) control, (2) AlCl(3) (5 mg/kg/day), (3, 4 and 5) BA (3.25, 36 and 58.5 mg/kg/day), (6, 7 and 8) AlCl(3) (5 mg/kg/day) plus BA (3.25, 36 and 58.5 mg/kg/day). After the animals were killed, the total numbers of neuron in the brain of all groups were determined using an unbiased stereological analysis. In addition to the stereological analysis, all brains were examined histopathologically by using light and electron microscopy. The stereological and histopathological results indicated a high damage of the rat brain tissues in the AlCl(3) and AlCl(3) + high dose BA (36 and 58.5) treatment groups. However, protective effects on neuron were observed in the A...

Tissue and Cell, 2014

We investigated apoptotic effects and changes in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme ... more We investigated apoptotic effects and changes in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme activity in liver and gill tissues of fish exposed to chlorpyrifos. Three different chlorpyrifos doses (2.25, 4.5 and 6.75 g/L) were administrated to rainbow trout at different time intervals (24, 48, 72 and 96 h). Acute exposure to chlorpyrifos showed time dependent decrease in G6PD enzyme activity at all concentrations (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical results showed that chlorpyrifos caused mucous cell loss in gill tissue and apoptosis via caspase-3 activation in fish. The present study suggested that chlorpyrifos inhibits G6PD enzyme and causes mucous cell loss in gill and apoptosis in gill and liver tissues.

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2015

The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical, immunohistochemical, and histopathologica... more The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical, immunohistochemical, and histopathological effects of nickel chloride (Ni) in the rainbow trout brain. Fish were exposed to Ni concentrations (1 mg/L and 2 mg/L) for 21 days. At the end of the experimental period, brain tissues were taken from all fish for c-Fos activity and histopathological examination and determination of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and glutathione (GSH) levels. Our results showed that Ni treatment caused a significant increase in the brain SOD activity and in LPO and GSH levels (p \ 0.05), but it significantly decreased AChE and CAT enzyme activities (p \ 0.05). Strong induction in c-Fos was observed in some cerebral and cerebellar regions of fish exposed to Ni concentrations when compared with the control group. However, c-Fos activity was decreased in necrotic Purkinje cells. Brain tissues were characterized by demyelination and necrotic changes. These results suggested that Ni treatment causes oxidative stress, changes in c-Fos activity, and histopathological damage in the fish brain.

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 2014

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide widely used in agriculture and aquaculture. This stu... more Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide widely used in agriculture and aquaculture. This study investigated its effects on carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme activity and histopathology of rainbow trout gill and liver. The fish were exposed to 2.25 (25 % of 96 h LC 50 ), 4.5 (50 % of 96 h LC 50 ), and 6.75 µg L -1 (75 % of 96 h LC 50 ) of chlorpyrifos for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. CA activity was measured in liver and gills and histopathological changes were examined by light microscopy. The most common liver changes at most of the chlorpyrifos concentrations were hyperaemia and degenerative changes. Gill tissues were characterised by lamellar hyperaemia, lamellar oedemas, clumping, cellular degeneration, hyperplasia, and lamellar atrophy. CA enzyme activity in the gills decreased at all concentrations at 48, 72, and 96 h after exposure to chlorpyrifos (p<0.05). Similarly, there was a time-dependent decrease in CA activity at all of the concentrations in liver tissues (p<0.05). The present study indicated that chlorpyrifos inhibits CA enzyme activity and causes histopathological damage in gill and liver tissues.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2015

This study aims to determine the effect of glyphosate on the transcriptional and enzymatic activi... more This study aims to determine the effect of glyphosate on the transcriptional and enzymatic activity of antioxidant metabolism enzymes of juvenile rainbow trout with short term (6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h) and long term (21 days) exposures followed by a recovery treatment. This study also aims to determine the effects of glyphosate exposure on liver tissue damage and swimming performance due to short term (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/L) and long term (2.5 and 5 mg/L) exposures. Following pesticide administration, ten fish, each as a sample, were caught at 6th, 12th, 24th, 48th and 96th -h for the short term, and at 21st day for the long term exposure study. GPx activity was found to be significantly induced 12 h after the exposure to 2.5 mg/L of glyphosate as compared with the control group. A similar degree of induction was also observed for CAT activity but not for SOD. For long term exposure, except for the GPx activity after exposure to 5 mg/L of glyphosate, the activities of all other enzymes remained on a par with the control group. It was also observed that the levels of gene expression of these enzymes were not comparable with each other. It is assumed that these differences might result from the effect of glyphosate before translation and the possible reasons for this scenario are also discussed. The results of swimming performance are found to be consistent with responses of the antioxidant system, and they are attributed to the energy metabolism. The data are also supported with liver histopathology analysis.

Renal Failure, 2009

Haloperidol, a typical antipsychotic, is the most commonly prescribed medication for the treatmen... more Haloperidol, a typical antipsychotic, is the most commonly prescribed medication for the treatment of mental health problems such as agitation and psychosis. We attempted to determine the effects of haloperidol treatment on the kidneys of female rats. In addition, we aimed to estimate the numerical density, total number, and height of renal glomeruli and the volume and volumetric fractions of the cortex, medulla, and whole kidneys, and tried to determine whether there was a change in these stereological parameters depending on haloperidol treatment. Both the qualitative and quantitative histological features of the kidney samples were analyzed with conventional histopathological and modern stereological methods at the light microscopic level. The total number of glomeruli and numerical density of glomerulus in the haloperidol-treated groups was not changed by increasing the dose in comparison to the control group. The mean height of the glomerulus significantly increased, especially in low-dose groups. In the haloperidol-treated groups, the volumetric fractions of the cortex to the whole kidney of the rats were significantly decreased by increasing the dose. The volumetric fractions of the medulla to the whole kidney of the rats were increased significantly in parallel by the given dose. In addition, we present quantitative findings showing that haloperidol is associated with many alterations in rat kidneys. It was shown that haloperidol may lead to undesirable changes in the kidney after chronic treatment with especially high doses.

Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 2008

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.