Aidan O'Malley - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Aidan O'Malley

Science of The Total Environment, 2019

Management activities to restore endangered fish species, such as dam removals, fishway installat... more Management activities to restore endangered fish species, such as dam removals, fishway installations, and periodic turbine shutdowns, usually decrease hydropower generation capacities at dams. Quantitative analysis of the tradeoffs between energy production and fish population recovery related to dam decision-making is still lacking. In this study, an integrated hydropower generation and age-structured fish population model was developed using a system dynamics modeling method to assess basin-scale energy-fish tradeoffs under eight dam management scenarios. This model ran across 150 years on a daily time step, applied to five hydroelectric dams located in the main stem of the Penobscot River, Maine. We used alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) to be representative of the local diadromous fish populations to link projected hydropower production with theoretical influences on migratory fish populations on the model river system. Our results show that while the five dams can produce around 427 GWh/year of energy, without fishway installations they would contribute to a 90% reduction in the alewife spawner abundance. The effectiveness of fishway installations is largely influenced by the size of reopened habitat areas and the actual passage rate of the fishways. Homing to natal habitat has an insignificant effect on the growth of the simulated spawner abundance. Operating turbine shutdowns during alewives' peak downstream migration periods, in addition to other dam management strategies, can effectively increase the spawner abundance by 480-550% while also preserving 65% of the hydropower generation capacity. These data demonstrate that in a river system where active hydropower dams operate, a combination of dam

Irish Literature in Transition, 1940–1980

This chapter examines the way in which Irish writing throughout the middle decades of the century... more This chapter examines the way in which Irish writing throughout the middle decades of the century negotiated a national identity in tension with a European sensibility.

Joseph O'Connor's 2002 Star of the Sea represents a significant attempt to work through t... more Joseph O'Connor's 2002 Star of the Sea represents a significant attempt to work through the lingering trauma of the Irish famine (1845-52) that has been held responsible for disabling accounts of the event. The disjunctions of the novel-its polyphonic presentation of different perspectives on the famine-embody the consternation occasioned by Ireland's brutal encounter with modernity in the mid-nineteenth century. In particular, the shock of this engagement is inscribed in the attitudes to language in the text. This essay further suggests that the ruptures embodied in this novel raise questions about the ambit of neo-Victorian studies, which have generally focused on more continuous cultural traditions than those found in Ireland. Working to make these disjunctions understandable by, amongst other things, reframing them in terms of contemporary experiences of globalisation, it is argued that this novel gestures towards ways of coming to terms with the spectre of the famine.

National Stereotyping, Identity Politics, European Crises, 2021

Her research area is economic and social change in Lithuania in the nineteenth and twentieth cent... more Her research area is economic and social change in Lithuania in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, with special interest in urban history. Recent book (co-authored with Gintė Konstantinavičiūtė and Giedrė Polkaitė-Petkevičienė): Houses that Talk.

This paper outlines briefly the history of the utopian idea of the 'fifth province' in co... more This paper outlines briefly the history of the utopian idea of the 'fifth province' in contemporary Irish cultural discourse. It then examines perhaps the fullest expression of this idea in Seamus Heaney's play 'The Cure at Troy' (a version of Sophocles' 'Philoctetes'), where the idea of rhyming hope and history is articulated. It argues that the utopian valence of this idea lies in the necessity and impossibility of completing this rhyme

This chapter provides a critical reading of the ways in which minorities are construed and framed... more This chapter provides a critical reading of the ways in which minorities are construed and framed in The Crane Bag (1977–1985) special issue, ‘Minorities in Ireland’ (1981, 5.1). Distinguished by its philosophical and international perspectives on Ireland, The Crane Bag’s articulations of spaces in which art and society might develop fruitful dialogues played an important role in the evolution of Irish Studies. However, the limits of the journal’s artistic and religious emphases are evident in the special issue, where they contribute to ultimately disabling renderings of minorities. Probing these tensions, it is contended that this number’s conception of minorities furnishes an insight into the restricted expressions of liberalism in Ireland before the 1998 Belfast Agreement and the collapse of the Catholic Church’s unquestioned authority.

Through increased immigration, Ireland has encountered Central and Eastern Europe in a very direc... more Through increased immigration, Ireland has encountered Central and Eastern Europe in a very direct manner since the mid-1990s. However, there was already a scattered history of cultural communication between these two regions, even if these dialogues have often been discrete and discontinuous. Recovering and exploring some of these diverse interrelationships, this volume charts some of the alternative, lesser-known routes that Irish cultural life has taken. By plotting various movements between these two peripheries of Europe, the book recalibrates the map of Irish literary, artistic and historical experiences. In doing so, it also looks to incorporate this movement into theoretical understandings of Irish culture.

The Journal of Immunology, 2021

Neutrophils, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), play a critical role in the innate immune respon... more Neutrophils, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), play a critical role in the innate immune response to Staphylococcus aureus, a pathogen that continues to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is involved in ensnaring and killing of S. aureus, but this host–pathogen interaction also leads to host tissue damage. Importantly, NET components including neutrophil proteases are under consideration as therapeutic targets in a variety of disease processes. Although S. aureus lipoproteins are recognized to activate cells via TLRs, specific mechanisms of interaction with neutrophils are poorly delineated. We hypothesized that a lipoprotein-containing cell membrane preparation from methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA-CMP) would elicit PMN activation, including NET formation. We investigated MRSA-CMP–elicited NET formation, regulated elastase release, and IL-8 production in human neutrophils. We studied PMN from healthy donors w...

Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2020

Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for various diseases in humans, and recurrent infections are... more Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for various diseases in humans, and recurrent infections are commonly observed. S. aureus produces an array of bicomponent pore-forming toxins that target and kill leukocytes, known collectively as the leukocidins. The contribution of these leukocidins to impair the development of anti–S. aureus adaptive immunity and facilitate reinfection is unclear. Using a murine model of recurrent bacteremia, we demonstrate that infection with a leukocidin mutant results in increased levels of anti–S. aureus antibodies compared with mice infected with the WT parental strain, indicating that leukocidins negatively impact the generation of anti–S. aureus antibodies in vivo. We hypothesized that neutralizing leukocidin-mediated immune subversion by vaccination may shift this host-pathogen interaction in favor of the host. Leukocidin-immunized mice produce potent leukocidin-neutralizing antibodies and robust Th1 and Th17 responses, which collectively protect agai...

Irish Studies Review, 2019

is easy to connect this with Blythe's future embrace of Blueshirtism, in opposition to the rise o... more is easy to connect this with Blythe's future embrace of Blueshirtism, in opposition to the rise of de Valera and the IRA. Blythe's fascism, Fitzpatrick explains, was idiosyncratic; it was influenced not by contemporary European movements, but fuelled partly by a fondness for "militaristic rituals" informed by both Orangeism and republicanism, and also by a drive at "greater administrative efficiency" and stability of state (189-90). To conclude, Ernest Blythe in Ulster is an exhaustively researched, carefully thought-out and well-argued analysis of the sum of Blythe's complex political being, which underlines some interesting commonalities between republicanism and Orangeism. Fitzpatrick's thesis is laid out in his trademark prose, with all its wit and erudition, amplifying the poignancy of reading what is, sadly, his final contribution to the discipline. If it is not a biography of Blythe, as the author suggests, then it comes fairly close. Fitzpatrick encourages future historians to tackle a "full biography", subject to the caveat that it "must take into account the astonishing duplicity, even multiplicity, of [Blythe's]. .. conduct as a young republican" (viii). This the author outlines convincingly and authoritatively, to the extent that any future biography of Blythe will inevitably be a rhapsody on a theme by Fitzpatrick.

Cell Host & Microbe, 2019

Highlights d S. aureus leukocidins target DARC on endothelial cells to cause vascular dysfunction... more Highlights d S. aureus leukocidins target DARC on endothelial cells to cause vascular dysfunction d Targeting DARC leads to organ damage during S. aureus bloodstream infection d Primary human endothelial cells are susceptible to S. aureus leukocidins d Leukocidins target host leukocytes, red blood cells, and endothelial cells

Science Translational Medicine, 2019

Small protein biologics called centyrins can be engineered to combat the toxicity caused by syste... more Small protein biologics called centyrins can be engineered to combat the toxicity caused by systemic Staphylococcus aureus infection.

Science of The Total Environment, 2019

Management activities to restore endangered fish species, such as dam removals, fishway installat... more Management activities to restore endangered fish species, such as dam removals, fishway installations, and periodic turbine shutdowns, usually decrease hydropower generation capacities at dams. Quantitative analysis of the tradeoffs between energy production and fish population recovery related to dam decision-making is still lacking. In this study, an integrated hydropower generation and age-structured fish population model was developed using a system dynamics modeling method to assess basin-scale energy-fish tradeoffs under eight dam management scenarios. This model ran across 150 years on a daily time step, applied to five hydroelectric dams located in the main stem of the Penobscot River, Maine. We used alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) to be representative of the local diadromous fish populations to link projected hydropower production with theoretical influences on migratory fish populations on the model river system. Our results show that while the five dams can produce around 427 GWh/year of energy, without fishway installations they would contribute to a 90% reduction in the alewife spawner abundance. The effectiveness of fishway installations is largely influenced by the size of reopened habitat areas and the actual passage rate of the fishways. Homing to natal habitat has an insignificant effect on the growth of the simulated spawner abundance. Operating turbine shutdowns during alewives' peak downstream migration periods, in addition to other dam management strategies, can effectively increase the spawner abundance by 480-550% while also preserving 65% of the hydropower generation capacity. These data demonstrate that in a river system where active hydropower dams operate, a combination of dam

Irish Literature in Transition, 1940–1980

This chapter examines the way in which Irish writing throughout the middle decades of the century... more This chapter examines the way in which Irish writing throughout the middle decades of the century negotiated a national identity in tension with a European sensibility.

Joseph O'Connor's 2002 Star of the Sea represents a significant attempt to work through t... more Joseph O'Connor's 2002 Star of the Sea represents a significant attempt to work through the lingering trauma of the Irish famine (1845-52) that has been held responsible for disabling accounts of the event. The disjunctions of the novel-its polyphonic presentation of different perspectives on the famine-embody the consternation occasioned by Ireland's brutal encounter with modernity in the mid-nineteenth century. In particular, the shock of this engagement is inscribed in the attitudes to language in the text. This essay further suggests that the ruptures embodied in this novel raise questions about the ambit of neo-Victorian studies, which have generally focused on more continuous cultural traditions than those found in Ireland. Working to make these disjunctions understandable by, amongst other things, reframing them in terms of contemporary experiences of globalisation, it is argued that this novel gestures towards ways of coming to terms with the spectre of the famine.

National Stereotyping, Identity Politics, European Crises, 2021

Her research area is economic and social change in Lithuania in the nineteenth and twentieth cent... more Her research area is economic and social change in Lithuania in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, with special interest in urban history. Recent book (co-authored with Gintė Konstantinavičiūtė and Giedrė Polkaitė-Petkevičienė): Houses that Talk.

This paper outlines briefly the history of the utopian idea of the 'fifth province' in co... more This paper outlines briefly the history of the utopian idea of the 'fifth province' in contemporary Irish cultural discourse. It then examines perhaps the fullest expression of this idea in Seamus Heaney's play 'The Cure at Troy' (a version of Sophocles' 'Philoctetes'), where the idea of rhyming hope and history is articulated. It argues that the utopian valence of this idea lies in the necessity and impossibility of completing this rhyme

This chapter provides a critical reading of the ways in which minorities are construed and framed... more This chapter provides a critical reading of the ways in which minorities are construed and framed in The Crane Bag (1977–1985) special issue, ‘Minorities in Ireland’ (1981, 5.1). Distinguished by its philosophical and international perspectives on Ireland, The Crane Bag’s articulations of spaces in which art and society might develop fruitful dialogues played an important role in the evolution of Irish Studies. However, the limits of the journal’s artistic and religious emphases are evident in the special issue, where they contribute to ultimately disabling renderings of minorities. Probing these tensions, it is contended that this number’s conception of minorities furnishes an insight into the restricted expressions of liberalism in Ireland before the 1998 Belfast Agreement and the collapse of the Catholic Church’s unquestioned authority.

Through increased immigration, Ireland has encountered Central and Eastern Europe in a very direc... more Through increased immigration, Ireland has encountered Central and Eastern Europe in a very direct manner since the mid-1990s. However, there was already a scattered history of cultural communication between these two regions, even if these dialogues have often been discrete and discontinuous. Recovering and exploring some of these diverse interrelationships, this volume charts some of the alternative, lesser-known routes that Irish cultural life has taken. By plotting various movements between these two peripheries of Europe, the book recalibrates the map of Irish literary, artistic and historical experiences. In doing so, it also looks to incorporate this movement into theoretical understandings of Irish culture.

The Journal of Immunology, 2021

Neutrophils, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), play a critical role in the innate immune respon... more Neutrophils, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), play a critical role in the innate immune response to Staphylococcus aureus, a pathogen that continues to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is involved in ensnaring and killing of S. aureus, but this host–pathogen interaction also leads to host tissue damage. Importantly, NET components including neutrophil proteases are under consideration as therapeutic targets in a variety of disease processes. Although S. aureus lipoproteins are recognized to activate cells via TLRs, specific mechanisms of interaction with neutrophils are poorly delineated. We hypothesized that a lipoprotein-containing cell membrane preparation from methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA-CMP) would elicit PMN activation, including NET formation. We investigated MRSA-CMP–elicited NET formation, regulated elastase release, and IL-8 production in human neutrophils. We studied PMN from healthy donors w...

Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2020

Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for various diseases in humans, and recurrent infections are... more Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for various diseases in humans, and recurrent infections are commonly observed. S. aureus produces an array of bicomponent pore-forming toxins that target and kill leukocytes, known collectively as the leukocidins. The contribution of these leukocidins to impair the development of anti–S. aureus adaptive immunity and facilitate reinfection is unclear. Using a murine model of recurrent bacteremia, we demonstrate that infection with a leukocidin mutant results in increased levels of anti–S. aureus antibodies compared with mice infected with the WT parental strain, indicating that leukocidins negatively impact the generation of anti–S. aureus antibodies in vivo. We hypothesized that neutralizing leukocidin-mediated immune subversion by vaccination may shift this host-pathogen interaction in favor of the host. Leukocidin-immunized mice produce potent leukocidin-neutralizing antibodies and robust Th1 and Th17 responses, which collectively protect agai...

Irish Studies Review, 2019

is easy to connect this with Blythe's future embrace of Blueshirtism, in opposition to the rise o... more is easy to connect this with Blythe's future embrace of Blueshirtism, in opposition to the rise of de Valera and the IRA. Blythe's fascism, Fitzpatrick explains, was idiosyncratic; it was influenced not by contemporary European movements, but fuelled partly by a fondness for "militaristic rituals" informed by both Orangeism and republicanism, and also by a drive at "greater administrative efficiency" and stability of state (189-90). To conclude, Ernest Blythe in Ulster is an exhaustively researched, carefully thought-out and well-argued analysis of the sum of Blythe's complex political being, which underlines some interesting commonalities between republicanism and Orangeism. Fitzpatrick's thesis is laid out in his trademark prose, with all its wit and erudition, amplifying the poignancy of reading what is, sadly, his final contribution to the discipline. If it is not a biography of Blythe, as the author suggests, then it comes fairly close. Fitzpatrick encourages future historians to tackle a "full biography", subject to the caveat that it "must take into account the astonishing duplicity, even multiplicity, of [Blythe's]. .. conduct as a young republican" (viii). This the author outlines convincingly and authoritatively, to the extent that any future biography of Blythe will inevitably be a rhapsody on a theme by Fitzpatrick.

Cell Host & Microbe, 2019

Highlights d S. aureus leukocidins target DARC on endothelial cells to cause vascular dysfunction... more Highlights d S. aureus leukocidins target DARC on endothelial cells to cause vascular dysfunction d Targeting DARC leads to organ damage during S. aureus bloodstream infection d Primary human endothelial cells are susceptible to S. aureus leukocidins d Leukocidins target host leukocytes, red blood cells, and endothelial cells

Science Translational Medicine, 2019

Small protein biologics called centyrins can be engineered to combat the toxicity caused by syste... more Small protein biologics called centyrins can be engineered to combat the toxicity caused by systemic Staphylococcus aureus infection.