Ajay Parmar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ajay Parmar

Tropical Animal Health and Production

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANATOMY RADIOLOGY AND SURGERY

Introduction: Apart from intercondylar notch and trochlear groove, the intercondylar line also co... more Introduction: Apart from intercondylar notch and trochlear groove, the intercondylar line also contributes to knee joint instability. Knowledge of morphological variations of these anatomical landmarks can help in diagnosis as well as planning the treatment. As of now, very limited data is available on morphological variations of trochlear groove and intercondylar line. Aim: To find out normal morphological patterns of shapes of intercondylar notch, depth of trochlear groove and intercondylar line and also to finding out the prevalence of different patterns. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 68 dried human femurs were examined grossly for five months (December 2020 to April 2021) by naked eye from the collection of Anatomy Department, Dr. ND Desai Faculty of Medical Science and Research Gujarat, India, for the shape of intercondylar notch, depth of trochlear groove and intercondylar line. All morphological patterns were tabulated and prevalence of each was calcul...

2022 IEEE 11th International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT)

This paper presents low mutual coupling multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) array antenna for m... more This paper presents low mutual coupling multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) array antenna for millimetre-wave (mmw) application. The MIMO-array beamforming antenna with 2:1 VSWR band is proposed for 28.0 GHz and covers 27.04 - 28.35 GHz frequency band, which is suitable for mm-wave n261 5G-band which cover the frequency range from 27.5 - 28.35 GHz. It consists of 2×12 antenna array elements and the prototype is designed on low loss Rogers Duroid 5880 substrate of size 51.45×36.87 mm2. The beamforming MIMO antenna covers ±200 main lobe directions. The mutual coupling at the MIMO-array ports is less than 28.0 dB. The radiation efficiency and the gain in the presented band are more than 93.0% and more than 13.99 dBi. The ECC in the presented frequency band is ≤ 10−4, which is one of the advantages of the proposed design. The design covers indoor and outdoor Gaussian applications, and has 1.31 GHz TARC active bandwidth. It has 4.65% simulated and 4.73% measured fractional bandwidths.

2021 IEEE Indian Conference on Antennas and Propagation (InCAP), 2021

The 5G is the current requirement of the spectrum shortage and the coverage of the intended user/... more The 5G is the current requirement of the spectrum shortage and the coverage of the intended user/direction. The high data rate and the large number of users can be accommodated using 5G frequency bands. A beamforming 4x4 Butler matrix with multibeam for radar applications is designed for the 5G applications. The proposed 4x4 Butler matrix is designed with 2:1 VSWR on Rogers RO3003 substrate, having a dimension of 19.35 ×16 × 0.254 mm 3. The Butler matrix design covers 28.12-35.24 GHz (7.12 GHz bandwidth) and 28.55-36.35 GHz (7.77 GHz bandwidth) frequency bands with more than 7 dB isolation among different ports. The gain of antenna is moe than 7.5 dBi at the ports and its radiation efficiency is more than 70% obtained at different ports.

2021 IEEE Indian Conference on Antennas and Propagation (InCAP), 2021

In this paper, antenna design of size 130 X 130 µm2is proposed for multiband THz applications, an... more In this paper, antenna design of size 130 X 130 µm2is proposed for multiband THz applications, antenna is designed using two dielectric material and feed is used as proximity feed which results multiple resonant frequency in the frequency band 5–10 THz also it is analyzed impact of different substrate material on gain. This antenna achieves maximum gain of 9.19 dBi at 9.88 THz.

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2021

National journal of community medicine, 2014

Background: Immunization plays a very important role in decreasing under-five mortality. Surveys ... more Background: Immunization plays a very important role in decreasing under-five mortality. Surveys carried out during NFHS and UNICEF revealed that there has been a decline in the coverage levels of different vaccines by as much as 15-40%. Objectives: To evaluate routine immunization and growth monitoring services in the sistrict. Material and Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted in Sinor block of Vadodara district, Gujarat. Two PHCs out of three PHCs of this block were selected and all thirteen sub centers of these PHCs were selected for monitoring of VHND. One village of each sub center was selected and monitored during Mamta Day for various components of vaccination and growth monitoring. Results: All Mamta day sessions were held according to micro plan with presence of all team members at all centres. However, supervisory visits were observed in only 23% of the sites. Necessary logistics and vaccines were available at all sites. Cold chain status was satisf...

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2014

This paper presents a novel 65 nm nchannel SB-MOSFET(Schottky barrier MOSFET) based Tunnel Field ... more This paper presents a novel 65 nm nchannel SB-MOSFET(Schottky barrier MOSFET) based Tunnel Field Effect transistor using Non-Local Band-to- Band tunneling model that shows the good switching characteristic.Stacks of Erbium silicide and Cobalt silicide is used as source/drain because of low schottky barrier height of Erbium silicide and high schottky barrier height of Cobalt silicide. TCAD Simulation is made which shows the result with the record high Ion/Ioff ratio of 4.08×109and the steepest pointsub threshold swing of 77.12mV/decade.

2021 10th IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), 2021

A 5G MIMO-array antenna is designed on a Rogers’ RT/Duroid 5880 substrate (thickness= 0.25 mm) an... more A 5G MIMO-array antenna is designed on a Rogers’ RT/Duroid 5880 substrate (thickness= 0.25 mm) and proposed to resonate at 28.0 GHz, for the coverage in the intended directions. CST-Microwave studio is used to design and simulate the antenna. The presented MIMO-array achieved a gain of 7.58 dBi and an overall efficiency of 92.36% at the resonating frequency. Two beams pointing in two different directions are obtained at ± 200. The bandwidth of 570 MHz and ECC of less than 10-3 are achieved in the band. Very low value of channel capacity loss is observed in the operating band here.

International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2021

Background: Increased family planning helps to reduce maternal mortality and infant mortality. Un... more Background: Increased family planning helps to reduce maternal mortality and infant mortality. Unmet need is spacing of birth for younger women and is the limitation of births for older women; both of which can be fulfilled by rigorous counseling. so the present study was conducted to measure the proportion of targeted women adopting family planning methods after postpartum counseling and to find out the type and timing of adoption.Methods: A Non-randomized control trial was conducted. The study was carried out at the postpartum delivery ward of the obstetrics and gynecology department of SSG Hospital. 103 participants in the intervention group and 103 participants in the control group were interviewed.Counseling and leaflet were given to the intervention group. The washout period was kept for one week. In the next week in the control group usual counseling was given by the counselor (standard of care). Second interview of the same participants was done telephonically or home visits...

2021 10th IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), 2021

The fast-developing wireless devices at 5G band has made us to design an antenna array for energy... more The fast-developing wireless devices at 5G band has made us to design an antenna array for energy radiation. In this paper, a new design for compact size antenna array for 5G communication system has been proposed. The proposed antenna array has been designed to operates in the frequency band of 27.089 - 28.856 GHz, which is part of millimeter wave. The design is compact in size and this antenna array occupies only 16 × 39 mm2 and shaped as tree structure for gain improvement and for size reduction by using tilting method where branches are tilted at 300. At resonant frequency, proposed antenna array achieved 9.04 dBi gain and 76.01% radiation efficiency.

Procedia Computer Science, 2020

In this era, users need very high data rate with more and more compact designs of antennas and de... more In this era, users need very high data rate with more and more compact designs of antennas and devices. Previous technologies failed to satisfy these exponentially growing demands. Use of arrays with MIMO systems provides high gain with compact designs at higher frequencies. 5G antennas need substrates with low loss tangent, so that losses should be as minimum as possible at higher frequency. Such concept is used in designing of the proposed MIMO-antenna array for 5G communication. In this design, 2 x 8 MIMO-antenna array is proposed with Rogers RT Duroid 5880 substrate. The substrate's dimension is 23.61 x 55.18 mm 2 for 2:1 VSWR. The frequency band achieved is 27.49-29.42 GHz. In each patch, inset-feed is used for impedance matching and is connected with 100 Ω microstrip line. At 28.0 GHz resonant frequency, gain is 11.33 dBi and radiation efficiency is 88.58%. The obtained value of ECC is in the range of 10-3. The design is suitable for Gaussian indoor and outdoor environments.

Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology, 2020

Introduction: The Foramen Transversarium (FT) is a identification feature of cervical vertebrae w... more Introduction: The Foramen Transversarium (FT) is a identification feature of cervical vertebrae which differentiate it from the other vertebrae. It is present in the the transverse process of vertebrae. Vertebral artery is pass through this foramen which important for blood supply for brain. Aim and Objective: To study the anatomical variation in foramen transversarium in cervical vertebrae very important for purpose of diagnostic and surgical important for Surgeon, Radiologist and Neurosurgeon. Material and Method: In our study, we included 175 dried cervical vertebrae from department of anatomy to detect double foramen FT present in transverse process in cervical vertebrae. Vertebrae with anatomical variation were photographed. Result: In our study, we found total 24 vertebrae having double FT out of 175 cervical vertebrae. Which include 12 vertebrae having bilateral double FT and 12 vertebrae having unilateral double FT. Conclusion: Knowledge of this type of anatomical variation in foramen transversarium is important for cervical approach during spine surgery to prevent injury of vascular structures.

International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, 2020

The growing need of the compact and portable antennas with high speed and low latency wireless co... more The growing need of the compact and portable antennas with high speed and low latency wireless communication is the present and future demand of the voice over Internet protocol, on-demand bandwidth, and multimedia applications. Fifth-generation (5G) covers certain low-frequency bands under 6 GHz spectrum, and most of the high-frequency bands under 60 GHz. 5G is the part of the millimeter wave spectrum (30–300 GHz) and is introduced to overcome the problem of spectrum shortage due to exponential enhancement of wireless applications in industry, medical, airborne, radar, satellite, and research fields. The International Telecommunication Union's objective of wireless communications promises to provide higher data rates up to 10 Gbps for 5G mobile users and connectivity to the artificial intelligence devices, along with high spectral efficiencies and enhanced coverage. The users for the 5G require around 5 and 50 Gbps of data rates for low and high mobility, respectively. Beamform...

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy, 2019

Background and Aim Nutrient foramina form important landmarks on human bones as they form portal ... more Background and Aim Nutrient foramina form important landmarks on human bones as they form portal of entry for nutrient artery. Nutrient artery is an important source of blood supply for a growing bone. Different parameters of nutrient foramina are important in various procedures such as vascularized bone grafting, tumor resections, fracture repair, and other surgical procedures in orthopedics. The objective of the present study was to report the number, position, direction, size, and foraminal index of nutrient foramen in the femur, tibia, and fibula. Materials and Methods The present study analyzed the location, direction, size, and the number of nutrient foramina in the diaphysis of 180 long bones of the lower limbs of adults: 60 femurs, 60 tibiae, and 60 fibulae. Result The location of the nutrient foramina is predominant on the posterior aspect of the lower limb long bones. Single nutrient foramen found in the tibia (100%), femur (48.3%), and fibula (60%) may represent as a sing...

International Journal of Anatomy and Research, 2017

The morphology of the glenoid cavity is highly variable. It articulates with the head of the hume... more The morphology of the glenoid cavity is highly variable. It articulates with the head of the humerus at the glenohumeral joint. Shoulder joint is frequently dislocated so the knowledge of anatomic parameters and different shape of glenoid cavity are necessary for complete understanding of the mechanics of shoulder joint. The aim of the present study was to obtain the anthropometric data of the glenoid cavity of the scapula and to study the various shapes of the glenoid cavity which will help in management of shoulder pathology. Materials and Methods: This study was done on 60 (30 right, 30 left) adult human scapula. Different parameter superior-inferior(SI), anterior-posterior diameter of the lower half(AP-1), anterior-posterior diameter of the upper half(AP-2) of glenoid cavity have been measured with the help of digital vernier calipers and glenoid cavity index was calculated. The shape of the glenoid cavity was classified as inverted comma shaped, pear shaped and oval shaped depending upon the presence or absence of a notch on the glenoid rim. Results: The average SI diameter on right and the left sides were 37.31±2.91mm and 37.46±2.92 mm respectively. The average AP-1 diameter of the right glenoid was 25.90±2.09 mm and that of the left was 25.70±2.32mm. The mean AP-2 diameter of the right glenoid was 17.89±1.52 mm and that of the left was 18.15±1.80mm. The mean GCI of the right glenoid was 69.54±4.22 mm and that of the left was 68.65±4.12 mm. Conclusion: All the parameters showed a very close value for the right and left side. The difference seen between the values of present study and that of other workers could be explained on the basis of ethnic and racial variations. This fact may be taken into consideration while performing shoulder arthroplasty and designing glenoid prostheses in rajasthan population. The current study also recorded a higher percentage of the glenoid notch (>80%) in the anterior margin of the glenoid cavity. While evaluating defects and lesions of the glenoid, this fact could be useful. Thus a sound knowledge of various parameters of the glenoid cavity is important for the anatomists, anthropologists, orthopaedicians and prosthetists.

The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India, 2016

International Journal of Anatomy and Research, 2015

Tropical Animal Health and Production

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANATOMY RADIOLOGY AND SURGERY

Introduction: Apart from intercondylar notch and trochlear groove, the intercondylar line also co... more Introduction: Apart from intercondylar notch and trochlear groove, the intercondylar line also contributes to knee joint instability. Knowledge of morphological variations of these anatomical landmarks can help in diagnosis as well as planning the treatment. As of now, very limited data is available on morphological variations of trochlear groove and intercondylar line. Aim: To find out normal morphological patterns of shapes of intercondylar notch, depth of trochlear groove and intercondylar line and also to finding out the prevalence of different patterns. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 68 dried human femurs were examined grossly for five months (December 2020 to April 2021) by naked eye from the collection of Anatomy Department, Dr. ND Desai Faculty of Medical Science and Research Gujarat, India, for the shape of intercondylar notch, depth of trochlear groove and intercondylar line. All morphological patterns were tabulated and prevalence of each was calcul...

2022 IEEE 11th International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT)

This paper presents low mutual coupling multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) array antenna for m... more This paper presents low mutual coupling multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) array antenna for millimetre-wave (mmw) application. The MIMO-array beamforming antenna with 2:1 VSWR band is proposed for 28.0 GHz and covers 27.04 - 28.35 GHz frequency band, which is suitable for mm-wave n261 5G-band which cover the frequency range from 27.5 - 28.35 GHz. It consists of 2×12 antenna array elements and the prototype is designed on low loss Rogers Duroid 5880 substrate of size 51.45×36.87 mm2. The beamforming MIMO antenna covers ±200 main lobe directions. The mutual coupling at the MIMO-array ports is less than 28.0 dB. The radiation efficiency and the gain in the presented band are more than 93.0% and more than 13.99 dBi. The ECC in the presented frequency band is ≤ 10−4, which is one of the advantages of the proposed design. The design covers indoor and outdoor Gaussian applications, and has 1.31 GHz TARC active bandwidth. It has 4.65% simulated and 4.73% measured fractional bandwidths.

2021 IEEE Indian Conference on Antennas and Propagation (InCAP), 2021

The 5G is the current requirement of the spectrum shortage and the coverage of the intended user/... more The 5G is the current requirement of the spectrum shortage and the coverage of the intended user/direction. The high data rate and the large number of users can be accommodated using 5G frequency bands. A beamforming 4x4 Butler matrix with multibeam for radar applications is designed for the 5G applications. The proposed 4x4 Butler matrix is designed with 2:1 VSWR on Rogers RO3003 substrate, having a dimension of 19.35 ×16 × 0.254 mm 3. The Butler matrix design covers 28.12-35.24 GHz (7.12 GHz bandwidth) and 28.55-36.35 GHz (7.77 GHz bandwidth) frequency bands with more than 7 dB isolation among different ports. The gain of antenna is moe than 7.5 dBi at the ports and its radiation efficiency is more than 70% obtained at different ports.

2021 IEEE Indian Conference on Antennas and Propagation (InCAP), 2021

In this paper, antenna design of size 130 X 130 µm2is proposed for multiband THz applications, an... more In this paper, antenna design of size 130 X 130 µm2is proposed for multiband THz applications, antenna is designed using two dielectric material and feed is used as proximity feed which results multiple resonant frequency in the frequency band 5–10 THz also it is analyzed impact of different substrate material on gain. This antenna achieves maximum gain of 9.19 dBi at 9.88 THz.

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2021

National journal of community medicine, 2014

Background: Immunization plays a very important role in decreasing under-five mortality. Surveys ... more Background: Immunization plays a very important role in decreasing under-five mortality. Surveys carried out during NFHS and UNICEF revealed that there has been a decline in the coverage levels of different vaccines by as much as 15-40%. Objectives: To evaluate routine immunization and growth monitoring services in the sistrict. Material and Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted in Sinor block of Vadodara district, Gujarat. Two PHCs out of three PHCs of this block were selected and all thirteen sub centers of these PHCs were selected for monitoring of VHND. One village of each sub center was selected and monitored during Mamta Day for various components of vaccination and growth monitoring. Results: All Mamta day sessions were held according to micro plan with presence of all team members at all centres. However, supervisory visits were observed in only 23% of the sites. Necessary logistics and vaccines were available at all sites. Cold chain status was satisf...

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2014

This paper presents a novel 65 nm nchannel SB-MOSFET(Schottky barrier MOSFET) based Tunnel Field ... more This paper presents a novel 65 nm nchannel SB-MOSFET(Schottky barrier MOSFET) based Tunnel Field Effect transistor using Non-Local Band-to- Band tunneling model that shows the good switching characteristic.Stacks of Erbium silicide and Cobalt silicide is used as source/drain because of low schottky barrier height of Erbium silicide and high schottky barrier height of Cobalt silicide. TCAD Simulation is made which shows the result with the record high Ion/Ioff ratio of 4.08×109and the steepest pointsub threshold swing of 77.12mV/decade.

2021 10th IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), 2021

A 5G MIMO-array antenna is designed on a Rogers’ RT/Duroid 5880 substrate (thickness= 0.25 mm) an... more A 5G MIMO-array antenna is designed on a Rogers’ RT/Duroid 5880 substrate (thickness= 0.25 mm) and proposed to resonate at 28.0 GHz, for the coverage in the intended directions. CST-Microwave studio is used to design and simulate the antenna. The presented MIMO-array achieved a gain of 7.58 dBi and an overall efficiency of 92.36% at the resonating frequency. Two beams pointing in two different directions are obtained at ± 200. The bandwidth of 570 MHz and ECC of less than 10-3 are achieved in the band. Very low value of channel capacity loss is observed in the operating band here.

International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2021

Background: Increased family planning helps to reduce maternal mortality and infant mortality. Un... more Background: Increased family planning helps to reduce maternal mortality and infant mortality. Unmet need is spacing of birth for younger women and is the limitation of births for older women; both of which can be fulfilled by rigorous counseling. so the present study was conducted to measure the proportion of targeted women adopting family planning methods after postpartum counseling and to find out the type and timing of adoption.Methods: A Non-randomized control trial was conducted. The study was carried out at the postpartum delivery ward of the obstetrics and gynecology department of SSG Hospital. 103 participants in the intervention group and 103 participants in the control group were interviewed.Counseling and leaflet were given to the intervention group. The washout period was kept for one week. In the next week in the control group usual counseling was given by the counselor (standard of care). Second interview of the same participants was done telephonically or home visits...

2021 10th IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), 2021

The fast-developing wireless devices at 5G band has made us to design an antenna array for energy... more The fast-developing wireless devices at 5G band has made us to design an antenna array for energy radiation. In this paper, a new design for compact size antenna array for 5G communication system has been proposed. The proposed antenna array has been designed to operates in the frequency band of 27.089 - 28.856 GHz, which is part of millimeter wave. The design is compact in size and this antenna array occupies only 16 × 39 mm2 and shaped as tree structure for gain improvement and for size reduction by using tilting method where branches are tilted at 300. At resonant frequency, proposed antenna array achieved 9.04 dBi gain and 76.01% radiation efficiency.

Procedia Computer Science, 2020

In this era, users need very high data rate with more and more compact designs of antennas and de... more In this era, users need very high data rate with more and more compact designs of antennas and devices. Previous technologies failed to satisfy these exponentially growing demands. Use of arrays with MIMO systems provides high gain with compact designs at higher frequencies. 5G antennas need substrates with low loss tangent, so that losses should be as minimum as possible at higher frequency. Such concept is used in designing of the proposed MIMO-antenna array for 5G communication. In this design, 2 x 8 MIMO-antenna array is proposed with Rogers RT Duroid 5880 substrate. The substrate's dimension is 23.61 x 55.18 mm 2 for 2:1 VSWR. The frequency band achieved is 27.49-29.42 GHz. In each patch, inset-feed is used for impedance matching and is connected with 100 Ω microstrip line. At 28.0 GHz resonant frequency, gain is 11.33 dBi and radiation efficiency is 88.58%. The obtained value of ECC is in the range of 10-3. The design is suitable for Gaussian indoor and outdoor environments.

Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology, 2020

Introduction: The Foramen Transversarium (FT) is a identification feature of cervical vertebrae w... more Introduction: The Foramen Transversarium (FT) is a identification feature of cervical vertebrae which differentiate it from the other vertebrae. It is present in the the transverse process of vertebrae. Vertebral artery is pass through this foramen which important for blood supply for brain. Aim and Objective: To study the anatomical variation in foramen transversarium in cervical vertebrae very important for purpose of diagnostic and surgical important for Surgeon, Radiologist and Neurosurgeon. Material and Method: In our study, we included 175 dried cervical vertebrae from department of anatomy to detect double foramen FT present in transverse process in cervical vertebrae. Vertebrae with anatomical variation were photographed. Result: In our study, we found total 24 vertebrae having double FT out of 175 cervical vertebrae. Which include 12 vertebrae having bilateral double FT and 12 vertebrae having unilateral double FT. Conclusion: Knowledge of this type of anatomical variation in foramen transversarium is important for cervical approach during spine surgery to prevent injury of vascular structures.

International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, 2020

The growing need of the compact and portable antennas with high speed and low latency wireless co... more The growing need of the compact and portable antennas with high speed and low latency wireless communication is the present and future demand of the voice over Internet protocol, on-demand bandwidth, and multimedia applications. Fifth-generation (5G) covers certain low-frequency bands under 6 GHz spectrum, and most of the high-frequency bands under 60 GHz. 5G is the part of the millimeter wave spectrum (30–300 GHz) and is introduced to overcome the problem of spectrum shortage due to exponential enhancement of wireless applications in industry, medical, airborne, radar, satellite, and research fields. The International Telecommunication Union's objective of wireless communications promises to provide higher data rates up to 10 Gbps for 5G mobile users and connectivity to the artificial intelligence devices, along with high spectral efficiencies and enhanced coverage. The users for the 5G require around 5 and 50 Gbps of data rates for low and high mobility, respectively. Beamform...

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy, 2019

Background and Aim Nutrient foramina form important landmarks on human bones as they form portal ... more Background and Aim Nutrient foramina form important landmarks on human bones as they form portal of entry for nutrient artery. Nutrient artery is an important source of blood supply for a growing bone. Different parameters of nutrient foramina are important in various procedures such as vascularized bone grafting, tumor resections, fracture repair, and other surgical procedures in orthopedics. The objective of the present study was to report the number, position, direction, size, and foraminal index of nutrient foramen in the femur, tibia, and fibula. Materials and Methods The present study analyzed the location, direction, size, and the number of nutrient foramina in the diaphysis of 180 long bones of the lower limbs of adults: 60 femurs, 60 tibiae, and 60 fibulae. Result The location of the nutrient foramina is predominant on the posterior aspect of the lower limb long bones. Single nutrient foramen found in the tibia (100%), femur (48.3%), and fibula (60%) may represent as a sing...

International Journal of Anatomy and Research, 2017

The morphology of the glenoid cavity is highly variable. It articulates with the head of the hume... more The morphology of the glenoid cavity is highly variable. It articulates with the head of the humerus at the glenohumeral joint. Shoulder joint is frequently dislocated so the knowledge of anatomic parameters and different shape of glenoid cavity are necessary for complete understanding of the mechanics of shoulder joint. The aim of the present study was to obtain the anthropometric data of the glenoid cavity of the scapula and to study the various shapes of the glenoid cavity which will help in management of shoulder pathology. Materials and Methods: This study was done on 60 (30 right, 30 left) adult human scapula. Different parameter superior-inferior(SI), anterior-posterior diameter of the lower half(AP-1), anterior-posterior diameter of the upper half(AP-2) of glenoid cavity have been measured with the help of digital vernier calipers and glenoid cavity index was calculated. The shape of the glenoid cavity was classified as inverted comma shaped, pear shaped and oval shaped depending upon the presence or absence of a notch on the glenoid rim. Results: The average SI diameter on right and the left sides were 37.31±2.91mm and 37.46±2.92 mm respectively. The average AP-1 diameter of the right glenoid was 25.90±2.09 mm and that of the left was 25.70±2.32mm. The mean AP-2 diameter of the right glenoid was 17.89±1.52 mm and that of the left was 18.15±1.80mm. The mean GCI of the right glenoid was 69.54±4.22 mm and that of the left was 68.65±4.12 mm. Conclusion: All the parameters showed a very close value for the right and left side. The difference seen between the values of present study and that of other workers could be explained on the basis of ethnic and racial variations. This fact may be taken into consideration while performing shoulder arthroplasty and designing glenoid prostheses in rajasthan population. The current study also recorded a higher percentage of the glenoid notch (>80%) in the anterior margin of the glenoid cavity. While evaluating defects and lesions of the glenoid, this fact could be useful. Thus a sound knowledge of various parameters of the glenoid cavity is important for the anatomists, anthropologists, orthopaedicians and prosthetists.

The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India, 2016

International Journal of Anatomy and Research, 2015