Ajit kaur - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ajit kaur

Cellulose Chemistry and Technology

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, Dec 30, 2017

Alternative sources of energy are the demand of the modern world. For generating different altern... more Alternative sources of energy are the demand of the modern world. For generating different alternate fuels, utilization of lignocellulolytic biomass is on top of the priority list, for which cellulase enzymes are required specifically. In this context, the aim of the presented paper was the partial purification and characterization of cellulolytic enzymes from Trichoderma reesei inoculated digested biogas slurry. The enzyme was produced at previously standardized conditions (Incubation period: 15 day, Spore concentration: 10 8 spores/ml, Slurry concentration: 25%). The cellulolytic enzymes viz. CMCase, Cellobiase and FilterPaperase produced were then partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation (0-30 and 30-80%) and dialysis followed by ion exchange chromatography using DEAE-cellulose column. Twelve fold purification was achieved for cellobiase. Specific activity of 20.18 U/mg was measured. Two isoforms of Cellobaise (C-I and C-II) were found with 21 and 32 fold purification, respectively. Upon characterization, the optimal pH and optimal temperature values for cellobiase came out to be 7.5 and 55°C for C-I and 25°C for C-II. Carboxymethyl cellulase was partially purified up to 10.4 fold with specific activity of 1.87 U/mg of protein and Fpase was purified to 11.3 fold with 1.47 U/mg of protein specific activity. Partially purified enzyme activities were compared with that of commercial enzymes. This is a novel work where cellulases were extracted and partially purified from digested slurry from biogas plant, which is very significant with reference to not only disposal of digested biogas slurry but also its value addition for industrial applications.

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2017

International journal of scientific research, 2016

Biogas is being produced in the world since Second World War. However, history of biogas in India... more Biogas is being produced in the world since Second World War. However, history of biogas in India goes back to 1931, when a biogas plant was set up in IARI, New Delhi. Traditionally, biogas is being produced from cattle dung only. But nowadays, potential of other substrates is being explored. Paddy straw is one of the richest lignocellulosic waste available in India, which can be utilized for biogas production. This study involves a 120 day trial on production of biogas using paddy straw, bio-digested slurry, cattle dung mixed with water. In this five digesters of 2 litre capacity each, were set up using different ratios of these co-substrates with paddy straw. Comparing the overall production of biogas, after 120 days maximum gas was produced in paddy straw which was soaked for 24 hrs before incubating it. This gave 38,095ml of gas followed by 37,505ml of gas produced by combination of cattle dung and water mixed in 1:1. The study concludes that chopped paddy straw along with bio-d...

Applied Biological Research, 2017

The present study reports the production of manganese peroxidase enzyme using digested cattle dun... more The present study reports the production of manganese peroxidase enzyme using digested cattle dung slurry as a substrate by Coriolus versicolor MTCC 138. Digested cattle dung slurry was analyzed for proximate (total solids, volatile solids and pH), chemical (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and silica) and biochemical (total proteins and manganese peroxidase) composition. Manganese peroxidase production by C. versicolor MTCC 138, was optimized by a conventional ‘one variable at a time approach’ and then by Placket-Burman design. Optimized fermentation conditions for the maximum manganese peroxidase (78.0 U mL−1) enzyme production were 25% slurry concentration, 5 days of incubation, temperature 25°C and inoculum size of 106 spores mL−1. This enzyme titre obtained by statistical optimization was 1.86 fold than that achieved by ‘one variable at a time approach’. It revealed that the effect of different cultural conditions (slurry concentration, spore concentration and incubation period...

The present study was aimed at developing a process technology for the microbial production of in... more The present study was aimed at developing a process technology for the microbial production of industrial enzymes using digested biogas slurry and upscaling the technology at field level to enhance biogas production from paddy straw. Proximate (total solids and volatile solids), chemical (cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and silica) and biochemical (total proteins and reducing sugars) composition of fresh cattle dung and digested biogas slurry were analyzed. Thirty four mesophilic and thermophilic fungal cultures were isolated, purified and screened qualitatively and quantitatively for lignocellulose degrading potential. Seven standard fungal cultures were also screened. Phanaerochaete chrysosporium MTCC 787, Thermoascus aurantiacus MTCC 375, mesophilic isolate A4 (Rhizopus sp) and A5 (Aspergillus sp), thermophilic isolate A25 (Mucor sp) and A31 (Aspergillus sp) were found to produce maximum cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic and lignolytic enzymes at 7.0 pH, 8 day incubation period, 1...

Biodiesel is the best substitute for fossil fuels in this modern era of Renewable energy. This re... more Biodiesel is the best substitute for fossil fuels in this modern era of Renewable energy. This research paper is based on usage of Tung (Aleurites fordii) oil for biodiesel production, optimization of transesterification process parameters to produce Tung oil methyl ester (TOME) and its fuel characterization for performance in engines. The various experimental factors like concentration of catalyst, alcohol to oil molar ratio, time for reaction etc. were studied to optimize the process to get maximum recovery of the biodiesel with minimum possible viscosity. In this study, it was found that the tung oil produced maximum ester recovery at optimal experimental conditions of 5:1 methanol to oil molar ratio in presence of 2% concentration of KOH as catalyst, maintaining a temperature of 60 °C during the reaction for a period of 45 minutes. Lowest possible kinematic viscosity 4.54 with ester recovery 94% was obtained at this set of conditions. Various fuel properties of the produced tung...

Prospects of Alternative Transportation Fuels

International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

The key principle in resource management is sustainability which consists of operational robustne... more The key principle in resource management is sustainability which consists of operational robustness, attenuation of environmental footprint and socio-economic considerations. Dependence on fossil fuels is unviable due to their continuous depletion all over the world and also the inexperienced greenhouse gas emissions related to their utilization. Therefore, the continuous initiatives geared towards developing various renewable and probably carbon neutral biofuels as energy resources are being taken up. Alternate energy resources such as 1st generation biofuels derived from terrestrial crops like sugarcane, sugar beet, corn and wheat place a colossal stress on global food markets, but this potential food versus fuel conflict is palliated by using sweet sorghum as a bioenergy crop. It can be processed into both biofuel and valuable co-products, thus meeting the various requirements of food, fuel and fodder.

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2016

Microorganisms especially Fungi are well known for their capability to excrete industrially impor... more Microorganisms especially Fungi are well known for their capability to excrete industrially important enzymes into the environment. In this purposed study, thirty four mesophilic as well as thermophilic fungal species were isolated from different sources like, decaying wood, decaying kinnow fruit, compost and soil. The isolated species were then purified and qualitatively selected for their cellulolytic, lignolytic and hemicellulose degrading potential using agar plate assay method. Carboxy Methyl Cellulose was used as substrate for cellulase activity, xylan was used as a substrate for xylanase activity; Remazol brilliant blue (RBB) dye and guaiacol were used as substrate to evaluate lignolytic activity in the isolated fungi. A total of 15 fungal isolates and the standard cultures namely Phanerochaete chrysosporium MTCC 787, Trichoderma reesei MTCC 164, T. harzianum MTCC 792, Coriolus versicolor MTCC 138, Pleurotus ostreatus MTCC 142, Aspergillus oryzae NCIM 1212, Penicillium roquefortii NCIM 712, Thermoascus aurantiacus MTCC 375, Humicola fuscoatra MTCC 1409 showed redness zone on guaiacol. Two mesophilic isolates namely A4 and A5; two thermophilic isolates A25 and A31 are the potential cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin degraders which can further be used for enhancing biogas production. Among standard cultures P. chrysosporium and T. aurantiacus produced remarkable amounts of lignocellulolytic enzymes.

Journal of Applied and Natural Science

Growing environmental concerns and increasing demands from end-use sectors have increased the glo... more Growing environmental concerns and increasing demands from end-use sectors have increased the glob-al market for microbial products. Optimizations of production parameters hold great importance for the industry. The present study was aimed at optimization of submerged state fermentation conditions for production of lignocelluloly-tic enzymes from digested biogas slurry by Phanaerochaete chrysosporium MTCC 787. Enzyme activities for differ-ent enzymes i.e. endoglucanase, exoglucanase, β-glucosidase; xylanase and mannanase; laccase, lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidise, using P. chrysosporium MTCC 787 were maximum at 50% concentration of digested slur-ry and showed maximum value of xylanase i.e. 187.41U/ml. Effect of temperature (25°C, 30°C and 35°C) on lignocellu-losic bioconversion showed that at 30°C, maximum value of manganese peroxidise (167.5 U/ml) was obtained. High-est enzyme activites were obtained at selected inoculum size i.e. 10⁷spores/ml, e.g. 85.29 U/ml xylanase wa...