Aniekan Akpakpan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Aniekan Akpakpan

World Journal Of Advanced Research and Reviews, Apr 30, 2024

Signals and communication technology, 2024

International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry

Lignin, an amorphous biopolymer is one of the major components of wood. In this study, ... more Lignin, an amorphous biopolymer is one of the major components of wood. In this study, lignin was extracted from Gmelina arborea wood using Soda and Kraft pulping processes. The lignin was characterized using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), UV/visible spectrometer, electrospray ionization mass spectrometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results revealed that G. arborea wood lignins contained several chemical functional groups. Kraft lignin (KL) contain carboxyl and thiol group in addition to other functional groups such as methoxyl, alcohols and phenolic. UV/ visible spectroscopy results revealed that Soda lignin (SL) absorbed at higher wavelength than Kraft lignin. The concentrations of both conjugated and non-conjugated phenolic group were higher in Kraft lignin than Soda lignin. ESI-MS spectra revealed that the composition of the monomers was higher in Kraft lignin while dimers compositio...

The occurrence of crude oil in the Niger Delta with its concomitant petroleumindustrialization ha... more The occurrence of crude oil in the Niger Delta with its concomitant petroleumindustrialization has resulted in generation of enormous waste products. Also spilled oilproduces deleterious effect on both flora and fauna. As such human daily activities andmeans of survival are dependent on the environment in which they live; hence there is needfor best environmental management practices. This research investigated the totalpetroleum hydrocarbons in plants, water and fish samples from and around River Ethiope,Oghara community in Delta State, Nigeria. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in Plants,water and fish were extracted separately using standard analytical method and examinedwith the use of Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC/FID) after purifyingthe extract through column packed with silica gel. The results of the analysis revealed thatthe levels of TPHs in water ranged between (0.004 + 0.003 and 0.008 + 0.008) mg/L while infish ranged between (0.019 + 0.001 and 0.0...

Archives of Current Research International, 2017

Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research

Synthetic indicators usually employed in acid-base titration to determine the end point is expens... more Synthetic indicators usually employed in acid-base titration to determine the end point is expensive and non-biodegradable. Hence there is need to develop an eco-friendly and cost effective acid-base indicator from plant origin to serve as efficient alternative for the synthetic indicators. This research work focused on the development of easily available, cost effective and eco-friendly indicator from Dicliptera verticillate leaves extracts for acid-base titration. UV/visible spectrometer was used to analyzed the ethanol extract (EE), ethanol extract in basic medium (EEB), ethanol extract in acidic medium (EEA), hot water extract (HWE), Hot water extract in basic medium (HWEB) and hot water extract in acidic medium (HWEA) to determine the wavelength of maximum absorption (λmax), and the absorbance of the extracts in different media in order to evaluate the chromophoric properties of the plant extracts phytochemicals before and after titrations. Titrimetric analysis was carried out ...

Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2011

Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science, 2015

The activated carbon produced from Hura crepitans seed shell was effectively utilized as adsorben... more The activated carbon produced from Hura crepitans seed shell was effectively utilized as adsorbent for the removal of eosin red and malachite green from waste water. Thus the adsorption of eosin red, a typical acid dye and malachite green, a typical basic dye from synthetic waste water using Hura crepitans seed shell activated carbon was studied. The effect of adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration and contact time was evaluated. The residual eosin red and malachite green concentration in solutions was determined using UV-visible spectrophotometer. All batch experiments were carried out at room temperature (± 2°C) using mechanical shaker that operates at 200 rpm. The results showed that the efficiency of dye adsorption increased with increase in amount of adsorbent, contact time, and with decrease in concentration of dye. The qmax for the adsorption of Malachite green was higher than that of Eosin red showing that MG were removed from waste water easily than ER. The results als...

The Phytochemical, proximate and mineral element composition of the stem of Costus afer were inve... more The Phytochemical, proximate and mineral element composition of the stem of Costus afer were investigated. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, and steroids. The proximate composition indicated the following; moisture (33.6 %), crude fat (2.48 %), crude protein (14.02 %), carbohydrate (20.14 %), crude fiber (15.55 %), and ash (14.21 %). Mineral element determination (in mg/100 g) showed the presence of potassium (88.00), sodium (1.94), calcium (200.40), magnesium (191.39), and phosphorus (6.02). The anti-nutrients evaluated (in mg/100 g) were total oxalate (314.00), soluble oxalate (200.44), cyanide (24.40) and tannins (7.92). The presence of these phytochemicals in this plant, coupled with its low toxicity level obtained lends credence to the numerous beneficial roles of this plant in agriculture and folk medicine.

Irvingia gabonensis seed shells were converted into activated carbon using ZnCl2 as the activatin... more Irvingia gabonensis seed shells were converted into activated carbon using ZnCl2 as the activating agent and used for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of adsorbate concentration (50 – 250 mg/l), adsorbent particle size (0.05 – 1.0 mm), adsorbent dosage (0.1-0.5g), and adsorption time (30 – 120 min.). The results revealed that the activated carbon prepared from this plant shell was able to remove MB more that MG at all adsorption conditions. Results also showed that adsorption efficiency increase with decrease in adsorbate concentration, decrease in adsorbent particle size, increase in adsorbent dosage and increase in contact time of adsorption. Isotherm studies showed that the adsorption of MB follow Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm but fitted better with Freundlich isotherm why adsorption of malachite green fitted better with Langmuir isotherm.

Australian journal of basic and applied sciences, 2011

The influence of cooking variables on the soda and soda-ethanol pulping of Nypa fruticans petiole... more The influence of cooking variables on the soda and soda-ethanol pulping of Nypa fruticans petioles is evaluated. The raw materials were characterised to know its properties. The solubility in cold and hot water, 1% NaOH and ethanol-benzene were determined. Lignin, cellulose and ash content were also estimated. The effect of the pulping time (10 to 120 minutes), temperature (120 o C and 150 o C), concentration (8% and 12%) and cooking liquor (soda and soda-ethanol) on the pulp yield and Kappa number of Nypa fruticans petiole pulps were investigated. Pulping was done in the laboratory digester. The results of the physico-chemical analysis were within the range of those reported elsewhere for some non-woody pulping raw materials except solubility in cold and hot water was higher. Higher pulp yield and higher Kappa number were obtained with shorter pulping time (10 minutes) while longer pulping time results in lower pulp yield and Kappa number. At both concentrations and temparatures, s...

Activated carbons were prepared by carbonization and activation of Coula eludis seed shells. This... more Activated carbons were prepared by carbonization and activation of Coula eludis seed shells. This was done using ZnCl2 as the activating chemical and the activation was done using sample to activating chemical ratios of 1: 10 and 1:20 (g/v). The activated carbon obtained were characterized by determining the percentage yield, moisture content, ash content and percentage fixed carbon. The adsorption of methylene blue by the activated carbon was done using 100mg to 500mg of the activated carbon. The results revealed that the yield, moisture content, ash content and percentage fixed carbon of 1:10 impregnated activated carbon were 41.94%, 11.20%, 7.00% and 92.00% respectively while that of the 1:20 impregnated activated carbon were 38.76%, 18.56%, 5.50% and 96.50% respectively. These results show that the yield and the ash content of 1:10 impregnated activated carbon is higher than that of 1:20 impregnated activated carbon. While 1:20 impregnated activated carbon has higher moisture co...

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of some trace metals in water from Cross River ... more The aim of this study was to determine the levels of some trace metals in water from Cross River estuary (CRE) and estimate the human health risk associated with water from the estuary via ingestion pathway and dermal contact. The trace metals in water were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the human health risk assessment of the trace metals was carried out using models stipulated by United States environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The range for the results in mg/l was as follows: Pb (0.1930.632), Cd (0.118 1.084), Ni (0.048 0.632), Fe (0.056 0.921), Zn ( 0.063 0.242), Cu(0.072 0.146). All the investigated metals were above the WHO limit except zinc and copper. The target hazard quotient (THQ) via ingestion pathway for Pb, Cd and Ni were higher than unity. Also, the hazard indices for all the investigated metals in all the study sites were higher than unity. The target hazard quotient and Hazard index via dermal pathway were less than one for all the me...

A B ST R A C T The physicochemical parameters of the Nypa fruticans ( Nypa palm) frond and petiol... more A B ST R A C T The physicochemical parameters of the Nypa fruticans ( Nypa palm) frond and petiole have been determined. The fibre dimensions determined were: fibre length, fibre diameter, cell wall thickness, lumen diameter, slenderness ratio, flexibility ratio and Runkel ratio. Chemical composition determined were lignin contents, cellulose contents and the ash contents. Soluble contents were also determined. Petiole contained more water soluble than the frond but the frond contained more 1% NaOH soluble. The solubles in 1:2 ethanolbenzene were of the same order for both samples. Soda pulps were produced at the pulping temperature of 120 o C using 8% and 12% NaOH as cooking liquors at the pulping time of 30 and 60min. The pulps obtained were characterized by determining the pulp yield and residual Klason lignin. Pulp yield and residual Klason lignin decreased with increase in the concentration of the pulping liquor and the cooking time. These results obtained indicate that Nypa fr...

In Nigeria, the most commonly used indicator for acid-base titration is synthetic indicator, whic... more In Nigeria, the most commonly used indicator for acid-base titration is synthetic indicator, which is non biodegradable when exposed to the environment. The need to develop acid-base indicators from natural sources to serve as an effective alternative for synthetic indicators is the demand for environment green chemistry. This research work is aimed at the extraction, phytochemical screening, UV/visible spectroscopic analysis of different extracts of red and white kola nuts and application of the extracts as eco-friendly, cost effective and sustainable indicators for acid- base titrations. Extraction was done for 24 hours using acetone, ethanol, cold and hot water separately. The results revealed that all the extracts contained varying amount of phytochemicals, except anthraquinone and phlobatannins which were absents in all the extracts. UV/visible spectroscopic analysis carried out at 600 nm showed that all the extracts have varying absorbance in acidic (HCl) and basic (NaOH) medi...

European Scientific Journal ESJ

In this study, analytical assessment of borehole water was carried out in selected non-oil produc... more In this study, analytical assessment of borehole water was carried out in selected non-oil producing Local Goverment Areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The areas were Uyo, Itu, and Ibesikpo Asutan Local Government Areas. The sampling areas were divided into three (3) zones with nine (9) sampling sites. For Itu L.G.A., the sampling site were,Urua Ekpa (BW1), Akon Itam (BW2) and Nung Ukot Itam (BW3); Uyo L.G.A., the sampling sites were Oron road, (BW4), Ekpri Nsukara (BW5), Obio Offot (BW6); the sampling sites in Ibesikpo L.G.A. were Ikot Akpanabia (BW7), Ikot Atang (BW8), Mbikpong (BW9). A total of nine water samples, obtained from boreholes in the study areas, were analyzed for their physico-chemical parameters such as pH, temperature, salinity, conductivity, total dissolved oxygen, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, alkalinity, acidity and total dissolved solid. Anions determined were phosphates (PO4 3-), nitrates (NO3-), chlorides (Cl-), sulphates (SO4 2-) while cations analysed were Mg 2+ ,Cd 2+ , Fe 2+ , Ni 2+ and Pb 2+. The results obtained reveal that the amounts of all the heavy metals determined in all the water samples were within the WHO acceptable standard for drinking water, with the exception of iron. It was also observed that the anions concentrations were below the WHO acceptable standard for drinking water. The high concentrations of cations in the analyzed ground water can largely be attributed to anthropogenic sources. In conclusion, the physico-chemical properties, as well as the concentrations of cations and anions in the under ground water usually affect the overall water quality, hence highlighting the need for frequent monitoring.

Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences