Alain Dervaux - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Alain Dervaux
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Springer eBooks, Dec 31, 2022
P.0017 Clinical characteristics of 652 patients referred to a substance abuse liaison department in an Academic Hospital
European Neuropsychopharmacology, Dec 1, 2021
P.0019 Alcohol use increase in polysubstance users during quarantine related to SARS-Cov2 infection-19
European Neuropsychopharmacology, Dec 1, 2021
Introduction A quarantine related to the spread of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was mandatory in France... more Introduction A quarantine related to the spread of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was mandatory in France from March 17 to May 10, 2020. This quarantine could have psychological consequences on general population and vulnerable people such as substances users [1]. Anticipated consequences of behavioral changes related to substance use in context of quarantine have emerged in literature [2]. Changes in substances use could led to an increase of health issues such as mortality due to overdose notably [3]. Some authors suggested that quarantine related to covid-19 pandemic could increase alcohol use [4,5]. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of polysubstance users who have increased their alcohol use and determine risk factors for these changes. Methods: An anonymous Internet-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between April 8 and May 10, 2020. Participants were recruited via posts and Internet messages on a French online Forum related to drug use (www.psychoactif.org). This website is a forum dedicated to harm reduction and information on psychoactive drugs and lead by volunteers. We included participants that reported at least the use of two substances including alcohol. Only French citizen living on French territories were included Since 30 % of visitors on psychoactif web site are living in others francophone countries, we excluded them, due to different quarantine conditions between countries. Study variables were collected by using a questionnaire designed for the present study. Declarative data from this survey questions included socio demographical informations and questions on quarantine conditions notably number of days of quarantine and quarantine domestic conditions. Participants were asked on questions pertaining to use of alcohol (“Since the beginning of the quarantine, have you increased, diminished, quitted or maintained your alcohol consumption). Current alcohol use was examined using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test Consumption (AUDIT). Alcohol craving during quarantine was assessed using Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS), and Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using Hospital Depression and Anxiety scale (HAD). Substances use and medication use were reported. The rates of users were presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and the associations of demographic or clinical variables with alcohol increase were assessed using odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI from a multivariate logistic regression. Results: 1310 polysubstance users completed the survey. A total of 974 (74.3%, [95%CI, 72.2-76.4]) participants reported alcohol use of whom 405 participants (41.6 %, [IC95 38.5-44.7]) reported an increase in alcohol use since the start of quarantine. Odds of alcohol use increase was higher for participants with married/domestic partnership (OR, 1.8 [95%CI, 1.4- 2.5]), and those with HAD scores higher than 7 (OR, 1.7 [95%CI, 1.2-2.3]), AUDIT scores lower than 8 (OR, 2.0 [95%CI, 1.4-2.8]), and OCDS scores greater than 7(IQR) (OR, 3.2 [95%CI, 2.3 - 4.5]). Odds of alcohol use increase was higher for psychostimulant users (OR, 1.7 [95%CI, 1.3 -2.5]). Conclusion: Prevention on the emergence of alcohol use disorders in light and moderate drinkers during quarantine should be considered by health policies and target specifically polysubstance users who reported psychostimulant use, higher levels of alcohol craving, anxiety and depression. No conflict of interest
Perspectives psychiatriques, Dec 1, 2013
La rubrique « Nouvelles du Monde » est destinée à souligner les avancées scientifiques, organisat... more La rubrique « Nouvelles du Monde » est destinée à souligner les avancées scientifiques, organisationnelles ou juridiques de nos disciplines. Cette rubrique présente, sous forme de brèves dépêches, les points saillants de l'actualité sur le plan international.
European Neuropsychopharmacology, Nov 1, 2020
Positive associations between alpine cushion plants and other species have been extensively studi... more Positive associations between alpine cushion plants and other species have been extensively studied. However, almost all studies have focused on the associations between macrofauna. Studies that have investigated positive associations between alpine cushion plants and rhizospheric microbes have been limited to the vegetation growing season. Here, we asked whether the positive effects that alpine cushion plants confer on rhizospheric microbe communities vary with seasons. We assessed seasonal variations in the bacterial diversity and composition in rhizosphere of two alpine cushion plants and surrounding bare ground by employing a high throughput sequencing method targeting the V3 region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Soil properties of the rhizosphere and the bare ground were also examined. We found that cushion rhizospheres harbored significantly more C, N, S, ammonia nitrogen, and soil moisture than the bare ground. Soil properties in cushion rhizospheres were not notably different, except for soil pH. Bacterial diversities within the same microhabitats did not vary significantly with seasons. We concluded that alpine cushion plants had positive effects on the rhizospheric bacterial communities, even though the strength of the effect varied in different cushion species. Cushion species and the soil sulfur content were probably the major factors driving the spatial distribution and structure of soil bacterial communities in the alpine communities dominated by cushion plants.
Dépendance au cannabis et phobie sociale
Encephale-revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique Et Therapeutique, 2005
P.0020 Clinical characteristics of patients receiving methadone or buprenorphine maintenance in liaison-psychiatry in emergency departments
European Neuropsychopharmacology, Dec 1, 2021
25. Cannabis et autres toxiques (LSD, mescaline, amphétamine…)
How cannabis can trigger psychotic disorders : Consequences, detection, and treatment
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2019
The complex relationships between cannabis and psychosis have been the subject of a number of stu... more The complex relationships between cannabis and psychosis have been the subject of a number of studies in the last twenty years. Cannabis can induce transient psychotic-like symptoms in up to 15 % of users, symptoms that disappear with the elimination of Δ9-THC from the body. Several studies have found that cannabis also doubles the risk of psychotic disorders, in particular schizophrenia. The risk is even higher if cannabis use started at an early age, if it is consumed in large amounts, if it contains a high level of Δ-9-THC, if there is a family history of psychotic disorders, susceptible genetic factors, and a history of abuse in childhood.In schizophrenia patients, cannabis use is very common, and in patients experiencing their first psychotic episode, one third also present an abuse of or dependence on alcohol or drugs. Cannabis abuse is associated with more severe psychotic symptoms, worse medication adherence, more frequent relapses, rehospitalizations, and a greater risk of aggression, depressive symptoms, and suicidal behaviors. Meanwhile, those who stop using cannabis experience improvements in these domains. Results are better among first-episode patients who stopped using substances when compared to similar first-episode patients who continued substance use. Therefore, it is important to treat patients as early as possible and integrate a motivational approach to addiction into their psychiatric treatment.
[Treatment of cannabis dependence]
PubMed, Dec 1, 2013
Mortality in patients with schizophrenia
The Lancet, Nov 1, 2009
Method: 24 participants with ADHD and amphetamine use disorder will receive single-blinded doses ... more Method: 24 participants with ADHD and amphetamine use disorder will receive single-blinded doses of methylphenidate ranging from 18 to 180 mg during 18 days, not knowing what dose they receive on which day. Assessments are performed at baseline, day 9 (72 mg methylphenidate) and on day 18 (180 mg methylphenidate). Participants must refrain from substance use, including alcohol, seven days before and during the study and are controlled with daily urine toxicology. Also, baseline and 72 mg measurements are conducted in a comparison group of participants with ADHD but without SUD. A second comparison group of healthy controls will undergo baseline measurements. Effect size on Stop Signal Task has been estimated to 1.5. The primary analysis, paired samples t-test will be completed in individuals who reach 180 mg. Given the within-subject design and power set at 0.80 and alpha at .05 a sample size of 24 is required. Preliminary Results: So far eight participants with ADHD + SUD and six participants in the comparison group with ADHD only, have completed the protocol. Mean SSRT in the ADHD + SUD at baseline is 223 ms compared to 186 in the comparison group. At 72 mg, mean SSRT is 190 ms compared to 161 ms in the comparison group. At 180 mg participants have improved even more with a SSRT of 160 ms. Conclusions: Even though it is yet to early to draw conclusions, these preliminary results support the hypothesis that patients with ADHD and amphetamine use disorder need higher doses of methylphenidate, compared to patients with ADHD only, to reach the same level of improvement. Our results also indicate that these patients have a higher degree of cognitive impairment at baseline.
De como el cannabis puede favorecer los trastornos psicóticos : consecuencias, detección y atención
Les achats compulsifs : Addictions sans drogue
European Neuropsychopharmacology, Nov 1, 2020
An integrated approach is presented for predicting granule particle size using Partial Correlatio... more An integrated approach is presented for predicting granule particle size using Partial Correlation (PC) analysis and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). In this approach, the proposed model is an abstract form from the ANN model, which intends to reduce model complexity via reducing the dimension of the input set and consequently improving the generalization capability of the model. This study involves comparing the capability of the proposed model in predicting granule particle size with those obtained from ANN and Multi Linear Regression models, with respect to some indicators. The numerical results confirm the superiority of the proposed model over the others in the prediction of granule particle size. In order to develop a predictive-control strategy, by employing the proposed model, several scenarios are developed to identify the most suitable process settings with respect to the desired process response. Utilization of these scenarios paves the way for decisions about spray drying to be made consistently and correctly without any need for judgmental speculations or expensive trial-and-error tests.
European Neuropsychopharmacology, Nov 1, 2020
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key regulator of genes crucial to many aspects of cancer ... more Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key regulator of genes crucial to many aspects of cancer biology. The purine nucleoside, adenosine, accumulates within many tissues under hypoxic conditions, including that of tumors. Because the levels of both HIF-1 and adenosine are elevated within the hypoxic environment of solid tumors, we investigated whether adenosine may regulate HIF-1. Here we show that, under hypoxic conditions (< 2% O 2), adenosine upregulates HIF-1A protein expression in a dose-dependent and timedependent manner, exclusively through the A 3 receptor subtype. The response to adenosine was generated at the cell surface because the inhibition of A 3 receptor expression, by using small interfering RNA, abolished nucleoside effects. A 3 receptor stimulation in hypoxia also increases angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) protein accumulation through the induction of HIF-1A. In particular, we found that A 3 receptor stimulation activates p44/ p42 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, which are required for A 3-induced increase of HIF-1A and Ang-2. Collectively, these results suggest a cooperation between hypoxic and adenosine signals that ultimately may lead to the increase in HIF-1-mediated effects in cancer cells.
Psychoses chroniques, psychotropes et grossesse
L'Information psychiatrique, Feb 1, 2005
... ARTICLE. Auteur(s) :, Alain Dervaux 1 , Malika Sana 2 , Françoise Bavoux 3. ... En début de g... more ... ARTICLE. Auteur(s) :, Alain Dervaux 1 , Malika Sana 2 , Françoise Bavoux 3. ... En début de grossesse, les benzodiazépines les plus anciennes, présentant moins de risques, peuvent être utilisées préférentiellement comme le diazépam [4, 11]. Risques chez le nouveau-né. ...
Chapitre 12. Addiction au cannabis et troubles psychiatriques
Dunod eBooks, Jun 4, 2014
L’intelligence artificielle suffira-t-elle à sortir la psychiatrie de la crise
French journal of psychiatry, Dec 1, 2019
L’intelligence artificielle (IA) a recemment montre son efficacite dans le diagnostic en Medecine... more L’intelligence artificielle (IA) a recemment montre son efficacite dans le diagnostic en Medecine, notamment dans le diagnostic des tumeurs du colon, des tumeurs de la peau, de certains troubles ophtalmologiques, etc. avec une meilleure precision que les cliniciens. En psychiatrie, de plus en plus d’etudes ont explore l’IA en analysant simultanement des donnees d’origine differentes, symptomatologiques, biologiques, genetiques, d’imagerie… a differentes etapes du parcours de soins, ambulatoire, services hospitaliers, reseaux de soins… Par exemple, des etudes ont retrouve que le « machine learning » avait une tres bonne capacite (73 %) a predire un premier episode psychotique sur des donnees d’imagerie cerebrales [1] , notamment sur les donnees de textes lus par les sujets [2] , a predire la survenue de depression avec une precision de 86 % a 94 % [2] . Elle peut predire la survenue de comportements suicidaires avec une precision de 78 %, alors qu’elle etait de 63 % pour les cliniciens seniors et 49 % pour les internes [3] . L’IA peut differencier schizophrenie et troubles bipolaires par IRM avec une precision de 88 %. En psychiatrie, legale, des algorithmes tels que OxMIV peuvent aider a evaluer le risque de comportements violents, a partir de donnees sociodemographiques, sociologiques, criminologiques avec une meilleure precision que les cliniciens [4] . Des logiciels d’analyse tels que SimSensei/Multisense de l’universite Southern California analysent en temps reel les expressions faciales, les attitudes posturales et les caracteristiques acoustiques pouvant identifier la souffrance psychique. L’IA peut egalement faciliter les tâches automatisables, aider la detection de patients a risque dans un contexte de rarefaction des professionnels de sante mentale. Cependant, l’IA a des limites, sa precision de l’IA n’atteint pas 100 %. Par exemple, dans un autre domaine, aucun acteur du « big data » n’a su deviner les deux equipes finalistes de la Coupe du monde de 2018. Elle pose aussi beaucoup de problemes ethiques et de protection des donnees. Elle ne tient pas compte du potentiel de changement naturel des individus ou aide par les professionnels. L’IA pourra probablement aider la psychiatrie a sortir de la crise economique, demographique, ethique, mais ne suffira pas a la resoudre. Elle ne pourra notamment pas remplacer les relations interhumaines ni le rapport au monde et aux autres dans lequel chaque individu peut exercer sa liberte de facon inalienable.
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Springer eBooks, Dec 31, 2022
P.0017 Clinical characteristics of 652 patients referred to a substance abuse liaison department in an Academic Hospital
European Neuropsychopharmacology, Dec 1, 2021
P.0019 Alcohol use increase in polysubstance users during quarantine related to SARS-Cov2 infection-19
European Neuropsychopharmacology, Dec 1, 2021
Introduction A quarantine related to the spread of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was mandatory in France... more Introduction A quarantine related to the spread of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was mandatory in France from March 17 to May 10, 2020. This quarantine could have psychological consequences on general population and vulnerable people such as substances users [1]. Anticipated consequences of behavioral changes related to substance use in context of quarantine have emerged in literature [2]. Changes in substances use could led to an increase of health issues such as mortality due to overdose notably [3]. Some authors suggested that quarantine related to covid-19 pandemic could increase alcohol use [4,5]. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of polysubstance users who have increased their alcohol use and determine risk factors for these changes. Methods: An anonymous Internet-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between April 8 and May 10, 2020. Participants were recruited via posts and Internet messages on a French online Forum related to drug use (www.psychoactif.org). This website is a forum dedicated to harm reduction and information on psychoactive drugs and lead by volunteers. We included participants that reported at least the use of two substances including alcohol. Only French citizen living on French territories were included Since 30 % of visitors on psychoactif web site are living in others francophone countries, we excluded them, due to different quarantine conditions between countries. Study variables were collected by using a questionnaire designed for the present study. Declarative data from this survey questions included socio demographical informations and questions on quarantine conditions notably number of days of quarantine and quarantine domestic conditions. Participants were asked on questions pertaining to use of alcohol (“Since the beginning of the quarantine, have you increased, diminished, quitted or maintained your alcohol consumption). Current alcohol use was examined using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test Consumption (AUDIT). Alcohol craving during quarantine was assessed using Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS), and Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using Hospital Depression and Anxiety scale (HAD). Substances use and medication use were reported. The rates of users were presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and the associations of demographic or clinical variables with alcohol increase were assessed using odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI from a multivariate logistic regression. Results: 1310 polysubstance users completed the survey. A total of 974 (74.3%, [95%CI, 72.2-76.4]) participants reported alcohol use of whom 405 participants (41.6 %, [IC95 38.5-44.7]) reported an increase in alcohol use since the start of quarantine. Odds of alcohol use increase was higher for participants with married/domestic partnership (OR, 1.8 [95%CI, 1.4- 2.5]), and those with HAD scores higher than 7 (OR, 1.7 [95%CI, 1.2-2.3]), AUDIT scores lower than 8 (OR, 2.0 [95%CI, 1.4-2.8]), and OCDS scores greater than 7(IQR) (OR, 3.2 [95%CI, 2.3 - 4.5]). Odds of alcohol use increase was higher for psychostimulant users (OR, 1.7 [95%CI, 1.3 -2.5]). Conclusion: Prevention on the emergence of alcohol use disorders in light and moderate drinkers during quarantine should be considered by health policies and target specifically polysubstance users who reported psychostimulant use, higher levels of alcohol craving, anxiety and depression. No conflict of interest
Perspectives psychiatriques, Dec 1, 2013
La rubrique « Nouvelles du Monde » est destinée à souligner les avancées scientifiques, organisat... more La rubrique « Nouvelles du Monde » est destinée à souligner les avancées scientifiques, organisationnelles ou juridiques de nos disciplines. Cette rubrique présente, sous forme de brèves dépêches, les points saillants de l'actualité sur le plan international.
European Neuropsychopharmacology, Nov 1, 2020
Positive associations between alpine cushion plants and other species have been extensively studi... more Positive associations between alpine cushion plants and other species have been extensively studied. However, almost all studies have focused on the associations between macrofauna. Studies that have investigated positive associations between alpine cushion plants and rhizospheric microbes have been limited to the vegetation growing season. Here, we asked whether the positive effects that alpine cushion plants confer on rhizospheric microbe communities vary with seasons. We assessed seasonal variations in the bacterial diversity and composition in rhizosphere of two alpine cushion plants and surrounding bare ground by employing a high throughput sequencing method targeting the V3 region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Soil properties of the rhizosphere and the bare ground were also examined. We found that cushion rhizospheres harbored significantly more C, N, S, ammonia nitrogen, and soil moisture than the bare ground. Soil properties in cushion rhizospheres were not notably different, except for soil pH. Bacterial diversities within the same microhabitats did not vary significantly with seasons. We concluded that alpine cushion plants had positive effects on the rhizospheric bacterial communities, even though the strength of the effect varied in different cushion species. Cushion species and the soil sulfur content were probably the major factors driving the spatial distribution and structure of soil bacterial communities in the alpine communities dominated by cushion plants.
Dépendance au cannabis et phobie sociale
Encephale-revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique Et Therapeutique, 2005
P.0020 Clinical characteristics of patients receiving methadone or buprenorphine maintenance in liaison-psychiatry in emergency departments
European Neuropsychopharmacology, Dec 1, 2021
25. Cannabis et autres toxiques (LSD, mescaline, amphétamine…)
How cannabis can trigger psychotic disorders : Consequences, detection, and treatment
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2019
The complex relationships between cannabis and psychosis have been the subject of a number of stu... more The complex relationships between cannabis and psychosis have been the subject of a number of studies in the last twenty years. Cannabis can induce transient psychotic-like symptoms in up to 15 % of users, symptoms that disappear with the elimination of Δ9-THC from the body. Several studies have found that cannabis also doubles the risk of psychotic disorders, in particular schizophrenia. The risk is even higher if cannabis use started at an early age, if it is consumed in large amounts, if it contains a high level of Δ-9-THC, if there is a family history of psychotic disorders, susceptible genetic factors, and a history of abuse in childhood.In schizophrenia patients, cannabis use is very common, and in patients experiencing their first psychotic episode, one third also present an abuse of or dependence on alcohol or drugs. Cannabis abuse is associated with more severe psychotic symptoms, worse medication adherence, more frequent relapses, rehospitalizations, and a greater risk of aggression, depressive symptoms, and suicidal behaviors. Meanwhile, those who stop using cannabis experience improvements in these domains. Results are better among first-episode patients who stopped using substances when compared to similar first-episode patients who continued substance use. Therefore, it is important to treat patients as early as possible and integrate a motivational approach to addiction into their psychiatric treatment.
[Treatment of cannabis dependence]
PubMed, Dec 1, 2013
Mortality in patients with schizophrenia
The Lancet, Nov 1, 2009
Method: 24 participants with ADHD and amphetamine use disorder will receive single-blinded doses ... more Method: 24 participants with ADHD and amphetamine use disorder will receive single-blinded doses of methylphenidate ranging from 18 to 180 mg during 18 days, not knowing what dose they receive on which day. Assessments are performed at baseline, day 9 (72 mg methylphenidate) and on day 18 (180 mg methylphenidate). Participants must refrain from substance use, including alcohol, seven days before and during the study and are controlled with daily urine toxicology. Also, baseline and 72 mg measurements are conducted in a comparison group of participants with ADHD but without SUD. A second comparison group of healthy controls will undergo baseline measurements. Effect size on Stop Signal Task has been estimated to 1.5. The primary analysis, paired samples t-test will be completed in individuals who reach 180 mg. Given the within-subject design and power set at 0.80 and alpha at .05 a sample size of 24 is required. Preliminary Results: So far eight participants with ADHD + SUD and six participants in the comparison group with ADHD only, have completed the protocol. Mean SSRT in the ADHD + SUD at baseline is 223 ms compared to 186 in the comparison group. At 72 mg, mean SSRT is 190 ms compared to 161 ms in the comparison group. At 180 mg participants have improved even more with a SSRT of 160 ms. Conclusions: Even though it is yet to early to draw conclusions, these preliminary results support the hypothesis that patients with ADHD and amphetamine use disorder need higher doses of methylphenidate, compared to patients with ADHD only, to reach the same level of improvement. Our results also indicate that these patients have a higher degree of cognitive impairment at baseline.
De como el cannabis puede favorecer los trastornos psicóticos : consecuencias, detección y atención
Les achats compulsifs : Addictions sans drogue
European Neuropsychopharmacology, Nov 1, 2020
An integrated approach is presented for predicting granule particle size using Partial Correlatio... more An integrated approach is presented for predicting granule particle size using Partial Correlation (PC) analysis and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). In this approach, the proposed model is an abstract form from the ANN model, which intends to reduce model complexity via reducing the dimension of the input set and consequently improving the generalization capability of the model. This study involves comparing the capability of the proposed model in predicting granule particle size with those obtained from ANN and Multi Linear Regression models, with respect to some indicators. The numerical results confirm the superiority of the proposed model over the others in the prediction of granule particle size. In order to develop a predictive-control strategy, by employing the proposed model, several scenarios are developed to identify the most suitable process settings with respect to the desired process response. Utilization of these scenarios paves the way for decisions about spray drying to be made consistently and correctly without any need for judgmental speculations or expensive trial-and-error tests.
European Neuropsychopharmacology, Nov 1, 2020
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key regulator of genes crucial to many aspects of cancer ... more Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key regulator of genes crucial to many aspects of cancer biology. The purine nucleoside, adenosine, accumulates within many tissues under hypoxic conditions, including that of tumors. Because the levels of both HIF-1 and adenosine are elevated within the hypoxic environment of solid tumors, we investigated whether adenosine may regulate HIF-1. Here we show that, under hypoxic conditions (< 2% O 2), adenosine upregulates HIF-1A protein expression in a dose-dependent and timedependent manner, exclusively through the A 3 receptor subtype. The response to adenosine was generated at the cell surface because the inhibition of A 3 receptor expression, by using small interfering RNA, abolished nucleoside effects. A 3 receptor stimulation in hypoxia also increases angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) protein accumulation through the induction of HIF-1A. In particular, we found that A 3 receptor stimulation activates p44/ p42 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, which are required for A 3-induced increase of HIF-1A and Ang-2. Collectively, these results suggest a cooperation between hypoxic and adenosine signals that ultimately may lead to the increase in HIF-1-mediated effects in cancer cells.
Psychoses chroniques, psychotropes et grossesse
L'Information psychiatrique, Feb 1, 2005
... ARTICLE. Auteur(s) :, Alain Dervaux 1 , Malika Sana 2 , Françoise Bavoux 3. ... En début de g... more ... ARTICLE. Auteur(s) :, Alain Dervaux 1 , Malika Sana 2 , Françoise Bavoux 3. ... En début de grossesse, les benzodiazépines les plus anciennes, présentant moins de risques, peuvent être utilisées préférentiellement comme le diazépam [4, 11]. Risques chez le nouveau-né. ...
Chapitre 12. Addiction au cannabis et troubles psychiatriques
Dunod eBooks, Jun 4, 2014
L’intelligence artificielle suffira-t-elle à sortir la psychiatrie de la crise
French journal of psychiatry, Dec 1, 2019
L’intelligence artificielle (IA) a recemment montre son efficacite dans le diagnostic en Medecine... more L’intelligence artificielle (IA) a recemment montre son efficacite dans le diagnostic en Medecine, notamment dans le diagnostic des tumeurs du colon, des tumeurs de la peau, de certains troubles ophtalmologiques, etc. avec une meilleure precision que les cliniciens. En psychiatrie, de plus en plus d’etudes ont explore l’IA en analysant simultanement des donnees d’origine differentes, symptomatologiques, biologiques, genetiques, d’imagerie… a differentes etapes du parcours de soins, ambulatoire, services hospitaliers, reseaux de soins… Par exemple, des etudes ont retrouve que le « machine learning » avait une tres bonne capacite (73 %) a predire un premier episode psychotique sur des donnees d’imagerie cerebrales [1] , notamment sur les donnees de textes lus par les sujets [2] , a predire la survenue de depression avec une precision de 86 % a 94 % [2] . Elle peut predire la survenue de comportements suicidaires avec une precision de 78 %, alors qu’elle etait de 63 % pour les cliniciens seniors et 49 % pour les internes [3] . L’IA peut differencier schizophrenie et troubles bipolaires par IRM avec une precision de 88 %. En psychiatrie, legale, des algorithmes tels que OxMIV peuvent aider a evaluer le risque de comportements violents, a partir de donnees sociodemographiques, sociologiques, criminologiques avec une meilleure precision que les cliniciens [4] . Des logiciels d’analyse tels que SimSensei/Multisense de l’universite Southern California analysent en temps reel les expressions faciales, les attitudes posturales et les caracteristiques acoustiques pouvant identifier la souffrance psychique. L’IA peut egalement faciliter les tâches automatisables, aider la detection de patients a risque dans un contexte de rarefaction des professionnels de sante mentale. Cependant, l’IA a des limites, sa precision de l’IA n’atteint pas 100 %. Par exemple, dans un autre domaine, aucun acteur du « big data » n’a su deviner les deux equipes finalistes de la Coupe du monde de 2018. Elle pose aussi beaucoup de problemes ethiques et de protection des donnees. Elle ne tient pas compte du potentiel de changement naturel des individus ou aide par les professionnels. L’IA pourra probablement aider la psychiatrie a sortir de la crise economique, demographique, ethique, mais ne suffira pas a la resoudre. Elle ne pourra notamment pas remplacer les relations interhumaines ni le rapport au monde et aux autres dans lequel chaque individu peut exercer sa liberte de facon inalienable.