Alain Safa - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Alain Safa

$Research paper thumbnail of Coral Reefs and Tourism in Egypt\u27s Red Sea$

Fisheries in the Pacific, 2016

This book owes much to the attentive reading and constructive comments of its anonymous reviewers... more This book owes much to the attentive reading and constructive comments of its anonymous reviewers, to Grace Delobel's conscientious work of proofreading and translation, to Pascale Bonnemère institutional support and to Emilie Courel, our publishing assistant. We owe them our gratitude. Last but not least, the realization of both the workshop and the book were greatly facilitated by the efficient assistance of the Protisvalor team. Thank you.

Marmara Journal of Economics, 2017

In this paper, we study the effects of renewable energy consumption on economic growth in Iran in... more In this paper, we study the effects of renewable energy consumption on economic growth in Iran in the period 1983 to 2013, through Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method. Results show that an increase in renewable energy consumption increases economic growth. In other words, there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth. The results show that in the long-run 1% increase in consumption of renewable energy leads to 4.06% increase in economic growth; they also show that in a short-run, 1% increase in it also can lead to 7.5% increase in economic growth.

After examining the current state of knowledge about ocean acidification in Middle East and North... more After examining the current state of knowledge about ocean acidification in Middle East and North African (MENA) countries, we model the socio-economic impacts of disasters, ocean acidification and ecological risk. We use Extreme Value Theory and Peak Over Threshold concept to define the critical threshold point for ocean pH value as an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, initially with Gaussian noise. We define the benchmark pH based on time series observations which exhibit moderate to large variations and use Monte Carlo simulations and also model non-Gaussian cases to examine the probability of disasters.

Abstract1. Climate change is impacting marine ecosystems and their goods and services in diverse ... more Abstract1. Climate change is impacting marine ecosystems and their goods and services in diverse ways, which can directly hinder our ability to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, set out under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. 2. Through expert elicitation and a literature review, we find that most climate change effects have a wide variety of negative consequences across marine ecosystem services, though most studies have highlighted impacts from warming and consequences to marine species. 3. Climate change is expected to negatively influence marine ecosystem services through global stressors – such as ocean warming and acidification – but also by amplifying local and regional stressors such as freshwater runoff and pollution load. 4. Experts indicated that all Sustainable Development Goals would be overwhelmingly negatively affected by these climate impacts to marine ecosystem services, with eliminating hunger being among the most directly negatively affected Su...

Our project proposes to study a sample of 4 countries of the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean (... more Our project proposes to study a sample of 4 countries of the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean (SEMC): Turkey, Israel, Morocco and Tunisia, which are among the most committed to EU integration, on the one hand the relations between money and financial markets/exchange rates in the context of a Euro zone in the Mediterranean, and on the other hand the role of financial markets in smoothing national consumption in the countries concerned. On the basis of a single model based on the work of Edwards and Elbadawi, we tested the evolution of the exchange rates of the 4 countries concerned against their fundamental equilibrium exchange rates. We were thus able to better assess the exchange rate policies that were followed according to their under- or over-alignment with regard to a fundamental equilibrium parity that takes into account the sustainability of the internal and external balances of these countries. We were able to draw conclusions about their future exchange rate policy against the Euro based on the results obtained for each country.

This study combines several economic scopes: management, strategy, finance and macro-economics. I... more This study combines several economic scopes: management, strategy, finance and macro-economics. In a first section, it looks at the MNC and CIF importance in cross-border flows. MNC are the major provider for FDI, but the percentage of CIF in the global FDI increased sharply recently. That is why the paper examines the different foreign investment strategies led by MNC (section II) and by CIF (section III). Concerning the CIF, we focalize on private equity firms and hedge funds. The strategies are various and diversified because the motivations are different and the perception of risks are dissimilar. Foreign investments have different nature (direct or portfolio investments) and time horizon (short or long term) if they are realized by MNC or by CIF. This point is very important to consider when we intend to study their impact on a country’s economy.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a crucial ingredient of the global economy. In the Persian Gul... more Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a crucial ingredient of the global economy. In the Persian Gulf, FDI is a major source of economic growth, employment, technology, and productivity. Because of these benefits, attracting FDI in the Persian Gulf region has become a key element of strategies promoting economic development. Natural resources and environmental policy in host countries may affect the FDIeconomic growth relationship. There has been much dispute as to whether economies that are open and those with more natural capital and lax environmental policy grow faster. This paper examines whether natural resources and environmental policy in Persian Gulf countries alter the relationship between FDI and Persian Gulf’s economics growth. We estimate a linear dynamic panel-data model using data from Persian Gulf countries over the period 1980–2012.The results show that the impact of arable land, forest area and the interaction between FDI and environmental policy on economic growth is ...

Topics in Middle Eastern andNorth African Economies, 2009

The Optimal Currency Area (OCA) theory states that countries are more suited to belong to a monet... more The Optimal Currency Area (OCA) theory states that countries are more suited to belong to a monetary union when they meet certain criteria related to the real convergence of an economy: a high degree of external openness, mobility of factors of production and diversification of production structures. According to this theory, if there is a clear convergence between business cycles of countries that are willing to join the monetary union and the business cycle within the currency area, then this tends to prove that these countries are ready to enter the currency area. In particular, in this paper, we are testing this hypothesis in order to determine whether new European member states are ready to join the euro area; first, we shall present a literature review on the business cycle correlation issue; then, we shall use a model which enables us to study the correlation between business cycles throughout the European Union, and in particular between the NMS’ business cycles and the “eur...

Topics in Middle Eastern andNorth African Economies, 2015

GDP, a measure of economic welfare, may be supplemented with other measures of economic welfare a... more GDP, a measure of economic welfare, may be supplemented with other measures of economic welfare and environmental sustainability. This article discusses alternative measures which have been proposed in the literature concerning pollution, which can be used to augment GDP as a measure of welfare to produce a better index.

Les sciences humaines et sociales dans le Pacifique Sud

Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019

Regional Studies in Marine Science, 2016