Albert Efimov - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Albert Efimov

Research paper thumbnail of Science and Human Phenomena in the Era of Civilizational Macroshift

Research paper thumbnail of Self-Supervised Learning in Event Sequences: A Comparative Study and Hybrid Approach of Generative Modeling and Contrastive Learning

arXiv (Cornell University), Jan 29, 2024

This study explores the application of self-supervised learning techniques for event sequences. I... more This study explores the application of self-supervised learning techniques for event sequences. It is a key modality in various applications such as banking, e-commerce, and healthcare. However, there is limited research on self-supervised learning for event sequences, and methods from other domains like images, texts, and speech may not easily transfer. To determine the most suitable approach, we conduct a detailed comparative analysis of previously identified best-performing methods. We find that neither the contrastive nor generative method is superior. Our assessment includes classifying event sequences, predicting the next event, and evaluating embedding quality. These results further highlight the potential benefits of combining both methods. Given the lack of research on hybrid models in this domain, we initially adapt the baseline model from another domain. However, upon observing its underperformance, we develop a novel method called the Multimodal-Learning Event Model (MLEM). MLEM treats contrastive learning and generative modeling as distinct yet complementary modalities, aligning their embeddings. The results of our study demonstrate that combining contrastive and generative approaches into one procedure with MLEM achieves superior performance across multiple metrics.

Research paper thumbnail of Relevant Problems of Activities of the Police in the Public Order Enforcement and Public Security Sphere (on the Example of the Stavropol Territory)

Administrativnoe pravo i process, Feb 8, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of A Macro-Shifted Future: Preferred or Accidentally Possible in the Context of Advances in Artificial Intelligence Science and Technology

Research paper thumbnail of Industrial Exoskeletons as Tools for Ensuring Industrial Safety. Normative and Technical Regulation

Occupational Safety in Industry

A significant role in ensuring industrial safety in terms of protecting the interests of the empl... more A significant role in ensuring industrial safety in terms of protecting the interests of the employees personality belongs to the occupational safety, which is directly related to the system of preserving the life and health of the employees in the course of the work activities. Occupational morbidity associated with the effect of physical overload and overstrain of individual organs and systems occupies the second rank position in the structure of occupational pathology depending on the harmful production factor. In this regard, the current and promising direction is the development of industrial exoskeleton technologies that can protect the musculoskeletal system of an employee from excessive physical activity. At the same time, the problem that creates significant restrictions on the introduction of industrial exoskeletons in industries, both in Russia and in other countries, is the lack of an appropriate regulatory-technical base. Using the example of the activity of F48 Committ...

Research paper thumbnail of Industrial exoskeletons. Normative and methodological regulation

Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, 2020

The problems concerning the regulatory and methodological regulation of testing and operation of ... more The problems concerning the regulatory and methodological regulation of testing and operation of industrial exoskeletons are considered.

Research paper thumbnail of Post-Turing Methodology: Destruction of the Wall on the Way to General Artificial Intelligence

Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, 2020

В данной статье предпринята попытка комплексной критики теста Тьюринга и выработки критериев каче... more В данной статье предпринята попытка комплексной критики теста Тьюринга и выработки критериев качества новых тестов для оценки искусственного интеллекта. Показано, что предпосылки редуцирования личности и сознания человека к определенным интеллектуальным способностям, использовавшиеся А. Тьюрингом, отражали уровень развития техники того периода. В то же время демонстрируется, что взаимодействие между человеком и машиной можно рассматривать в четырех вариантах: вербальное взаимодействие в физическом мире, невербальное взаимодействие в физическом мире, невербальное взаимодействие в виртуальном мире, вербальное виртуальное взаимодействие. Тест Тьюринга фактически описывает только последний вариант. Чисто вербальное общение между субъектами, подразумевающее мышление только с использованием символьных систем,это «стена», которая исключает возможность перехода от сложных наблюдаемых явлений к абстрактному образу или понятию. Но в первые десятилетия развития компьютерной техники тест Тьюринга был простым и понятным образцом идеала программирования, соответствовал уровню технических возможностей того времени. В 2010-х гг. в программировании систем искусственного интеллекта произошли качественные изменения. Во-первых, тест Тьюринга был формально пройден без создания полного искусственного интеллекта. Сегодня машина лучше человека обращается с символьными структурами, однако не обладает возможностью сопоставлять их с реальным миром. Во-вторых, появились новые программные инструменты (нейронные сети глубокого обучения), которые позволяют частично абстрагировать когнитивные процессы (распознавание речи, лица, некоторых образов), но не формулировать новые понятия. Это дает возможность выдвинуть новые требования к тестовой оценке искусственного интеллекта: он должен поддерживать все формы общения с человеком, абстрагировать образы и конкретизировать понятия, а также участвовать в социальных практиках. Логичным представляется сравнение искусственного интеллекта с возможностями детей разного возраста. При этом антропоморфность робота сама по себе не будет показателем создания искусственного интеллекта.

Research paper thumbnail of Philosophy Now Efimov Dubrovsky Matveev

Philosophy Now, 2023

The goal set by A. Turing – the creation of a thinking machine – is one of the most important sci... more The goal set by A. Turing – the creation of a thinking machine – is one of the most important scientific problems that has not yet been solved. The modern frontier in this area is the creation of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Modern researchers are looking for different ways to solve this challenging task. In their search, many scholars point out that attempts to use exclusive linguistic communication to solve this problem are not enough. The authors of this article analyze a wide range of research and compare it with well-known research in the field of language and consciousness, which became known as the “Zagorsky experiment”. Such a comparison of the latest achievements in the field of AI and an analysis of one of the most breakthrough achievements of neuroscience in the rehabilitation of deaf-blind-mute children is being done for the first time in the literature known to us. Based on the experience of the “Zagorsk experiment”, the article concludes that sensory interaction with the outside world is a necessary condition for the creation of AGI. A vision of various forms of interaction between the machine and the surrounding world is proposed: from verbal to non-verbal, from virtual to physical and otherwise. These forms become the basis for the introduction of a new concept of techno-umwelt. Machine transitions from various techno-umwelts can serve as the basis for creating an AGI that has the ability to act as good or better than a human in a variety of environments.

Research paper thumbnail of A Survey of Computer Vision Techniques for Forest Characterization and Carbon Monitoring Tasks

Remote Sensing

Estimation of terrestrial carbon balance is one of the key tasks in the understanding and prognos... more Estimation of terrestrial carbon balance is one of the key tasks in the understanding and prognosis of climate change impacts and the development of tools and policies according to carbon mitigation and adaptation strategies. Forest ecosystems are one of the major pools of carbon stocks affected by controversial processes influencing carbon stability. Therefore, monitoring forest ecosystems is a key to proper inventory management of resources and planning their sustainable use. In this survey, we discuss which computer vision techniques are applicable to the most important aspects of forest management actions, considering the wide availability of remote sensing (RS) data of different resolutions based both on satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) observations. Our analysis applies to the most occurring tasks such as estimation of forest areas, tree species classification, and estimation of forest resources. Through the survey, we also provide a necessary technical background w...

Research paper thumbnail of Artificial Muscles (Review Article)

Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International

Abstract The current state of the art in systems and actuators for controlling soft exoskeletons ... more Abstract The current state of the art in systems and actuators for controlling soft exoskeletons is reviewed. The most important prototypes of flexible actuators are studied. Applications of these drives in medicine and industry are considered. The classification and recommendations for the construction of such devices based on the analysis of the effectiveness of the existing models by third-party research groups are given.

Research paper thumbnail of Can an Intelligent Robot Be Able to Have Ethical Features?

Voprosy Filosofii

Ethical issues in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) have been widely discussed in r... more Ethical issues in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) have been widely discussed in recent years, not only in the philosophical, but in the scientific liter­ature. This is largely due to the fear of obvious risks and threats that the growing digitalization causes in almost all areas of social life. Ethical research of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies becomes extremely relevant in the context of cre­ating a general AI system, that is, a human-level agent. This task seems difficult since ethics cannot present to engineers a normative system in the form of a cer­tain hierarchical architecture for its computational implementation. In this re­gard, authors of this article see an opportunity to avoid this uncertainty in de­signing an autonomous system of general AI by constructing particular models based on the classifier of activities. This will allow one to algorithmize the nec­essary ethical functions. There are two circumstances that need to be taken into account ...

Research paper thumbnail of The Fetish of Artificial Intelligence

Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences

The article presents grounds for defining the fetish of artificial intelligence (AI). We highligh... more The article presents grounds for defining the fetish of artificial intelligence (AI). We highlight the fundamental differences of AI from all earlier technological advances, as they are primarily related to its introduction into the human cognitive sphere and generating fundamentally new uncontrollable consequences for society. We provide solid evidence that the leaders of the globalist project are the main beneficiaries of the AI fetish. This is clearly manifested in the works of philosophers who are close to major technology corporations and their mega-projects. We suggest considering the problem of how to use the capabilities of AI to overcome the growing international conflicts and the global crisis. The focus is on the problem of agency, which solution from the standpoint of an anthropomorphic approach to AI is fraught with serious negative consequences. Endowing AI with agency, responsibility is implicitly removed from the person who uses the technology, and the established le...

Research paper thumbnail of ­­Building a Second-Opinion Tool for Classical Polygraph

Classical polygraph screenings are routinely used by critical businesses such as banking, law enf... more Classical polygraph screenings are routinely used by critical businesses such as banking, law enforcement agencies, and federal governments. A major concern of scientific communities is that screenings are prone to errors. However, screening errors are not only due to the method, but also due to human (polygraph examiner) error. Here we show application of machine learning (ML) to detect examiner errors. From an ML perspective, we trained an error detection model in the absence of labeled errors. From a practical perspective, we devised and tested successfully a second-opinion tool to find human errors in examiners’ conclusions, thus reducing subjectivity of polygraph screenings. We report novel features that uplift the model’s accuracy, and experimental results on whether people lie differently on different topics. We anticipate our results to be a step towards rethinking classical polygraph practices.

Research paper thumbnail of A Survey of Computer Vision Techniques for Forest Characterization and Carbon Monitoring Tasks

Remote Sensing, 2022

Estimation of terrestrial carbon balance is one of the key tasks in the understanding and prognos... more Estimation of terrestrial carbon balance is one of the key tasks in the understanding and prognosis of climate change impacts and the development of tools and policies according to carbon mitigation and adaptation strategies. Forest ecosystems are one of the major pools of carbon stocks affected by controversial processes influencing carbon stability. Therefore, monitoring forest ecosystems is a key to proper inventory management of resources and planning their sustainable use. In this survey, we discuss which computer vision techniques are applicable to the most important aspects of forest management actions, considering the wide availability of remote sensing (RS) data of different resolutions based both on satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) observations. Our analysis applies to the most occurring tasks such as estimation of forest areas, tree species classification, and estimation of forest resources. Through the survey, we also provide a necessary technical background with a description of suitable data sources, algorithms’ descriptions, and corresponding metrics for their evaluation. The implementation of the provided techniques into routine workflows is a significant step toward the development of systems of continuous actualization of forest data, including real-time monitoring. It is crucial for diverse purposes on both local and global scales. Among the most important are the implementation of improved forest management strategies and actions, carbon offset projects, and enhancement of the prediction accuracy of system changes under different land-use and climate scenarios.

Research paper thumbnail of The Fetish of Artificial Intelligence

RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHICAL SCIENCES (FILOSOFSKIE NAUKI), 2022

The article presents grounds for defining the fetish of artificial intelligence (AI). We highligh... more The article presents grounds for defining the fetish of artificial intelligence (AI). We highlight the fundamental differences of AI from all earlier tech- nological advances, as they are primarily related to its introduction into the human cognitive sphere and generating fundamentally new uncontrollable consequences for society. We provide solid evidence that the leaders of the globalist project are the main beneficiaries of the AI fetish. This is clearly manifested in the works of philosophers who are close to major technology corporations and their mega-projects. We suggest considering the problem of how to use the capabilities of AI to overcome the growing international conflicts and the global crisis. The focus is on the problem of agency, which solution from the standpoint of an anthropomorphic approach to AI is fraught with serious negative consequences. Endowing AI with agency, responsibil- ity is implicitly removed from the person who uses the technology, and the established legislative practice is also destroyed. We present AI as an agent endowed with a set of invariant generalized qualities that is similar to natural subjects. These qualities include: the ability to deliberation, reflexivity, com- munication and elements of sociability. Such a representation of AI as an agent (pseudo-subject) is consistent with the principle of distributed control in biology and psychology, which was called the principle of a dual subject. In combination with the systems of principles and ontologies specified in the concept of post-nonclassical cybernetics of self-developing environments, this will allow the use of AI as a means of social innovation, while maintain- ing control over AI technologies. This will also help to pose and solve the problem of integrating formations of artificial and natural intelligence while maintaining the basic qualities of carriers of natural intelligence.

Research paper thumbnail of Технологические предпосылки неразличимости человека и его компьютерной имитации

In the article, the author analyzes the problems of human-computer communication in the context o... more In the article, the author analyzes the problems of human-computer communication in the context of artificial intelligence, augmented reality and a Turing methodology for comparing the capabilities of artificial and natural intelligence in a dialogue. It is argued that the tool with which the computer and humans communicate is of no less importance than the computer program with which the dialogue is conducted. As an example of the implementation of such visualization, the project “E.LENA” of a digital television anchor created at the Sberbank Robotics Laboratory was considered. The author gives his own version of Turing's specific test to study the features of non- verbal communication interfaces between a person and a computer. The key idea formulated by the author for further discussion is to provide artificial intelligence with visual avatar in order to avoid the alienation of man and computer and the loss of semantic information during its transmission from computer to person

Research paper thumbnail of Philosophical and methodological foundations of post-Turing intelligent robotics

The importance of the topic of the research. Intelligent robotics implies a set of methods, ways ... more The importance of the topic of the research. Intelligent robotics implies a set of methods, ways of research and development of robotic systems integrating the capabilities of robotics and artificial intelligence in order to create robots, intelligent agents capable of autonomous and partly autonomous actions in different environments. The interdisciplinary nature of intelligent robotics makes it one of the most promising lines of research that has a significant influence on our whole civilization. Therefore, it is highly important to develop philosophical and methodological problems related to the development of intelligent robotics and its role in creating Artificial General Intelligence, which is a strategic task set today by the technologically advanced countries, including our country. Artificial General Intelligence implies a software and hardware complex capable of learning and acting better than the human expert in any area, achieving objectives in a broad range of environments with limited resources. Since its emergence in the last century, robotics and artificial intelligence have taken different paths in the development. Robotics was used in manufacturing by adapting application tasks to the limited mechanical capabilities of the robots. Artificial intelligence, being mostly a research paradigm, aimed at researching the possibilities of simulating human mental activity and used broad software capabilities, particularly machine learning. Independent development of these separate paths was shaped by the available element base, that, in its turn, generated the possibilities for combinatorial improvements. Robotics developed much slower due to its inherent dependence on the physical and chemical properties and engineering features of robot component parts. Artificial intelligence with mathware and software as its main components was developing much faster than robotics due to its direct dependence on research and developments in microelectronics, that still follow Moore's law 1 (the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles about every 24 months). This enabled artificial intelligence to use exponential development of the element base of component parts such as graphic accelerators, data storage systems, various sensors and broadband communication to create software that would apply machine learning to solve a wide range of application tasks. It resulted into artificial intelligence methods being used to solve Kuhn's robotics puzzles, thus accelerating the progress for both the paths. New programming tools and environments, such as deep neural networks, are capable of solving difficult robotics tasks. In turn, this generates new ways of human machine interaction that call for a deeper philosophical and methodological, as 1 Leiserson C. E. et al There's plenty of room at the Top: What will drive computer performance after Moore's law? // Science 368 (6495), eaam9744. well as epistemological consideration through the principles of post-nonclassical rationality (Stepin V.S. Lektorskiy V.A. etc.). It is the practical demand for new methodological approaches that assigns to philosophers the important role in the modern development of artificial intelligence. The development of AI technologies and robotics has reached the point when their influence on our civilization goes beyond the economic sphere and becomes an important factor of global geopolitical and ecological agenda, while remaining one of the key problems of scientific and technological development. World economic forum 2 (WEF, 2019) acknowledges the strategic priority of these technologies and includes them into fusion technologies. The results of developing artificial intelligence and robotics may become the source of new risks and systemic issues (violation of a privacy right, transformation of the very notion of employment and so on), however they promise a healthy economic growth, mitigation of a number of negative consequences of a spiraling global civilization crisis. Instead of stimulating cooperation, international competition for the leadership in creating Artificial General Intelligence is increasing. V.V. Putin, the President of Russia, has stressed that artificial intelligence is "indeed one of the key lines of technological development that determine and will determine the future of the whole world" 3 , USA is pursuing the policy of keeping the leadership in artificial intelligence, as "it has a critical significance for economy and national security of the United States" 4. All of it turns artificial intelligence and robotics into geopolitical tools, making technologies the hostages to the interests of transnational corporations. A kind of corporate Manhattan project is being created 56. Artificial intelligence and robotics, alongside with power industry, transportation, is the technology which, on the one hand, is a separate branch of manufacturing and, on the other, creates productive power for the remaining industries. Such technology is usually called a general-purpose 2 Website of the World economic forum in Davos, URL: https://intelligence.weforum.org/topics/a1Gb0000000pTDREA2?tab=publications (accessed on 28.07.2020). 3 A meeting on development of technologies in the field of artificial intelligence. URL:

Research paper thumbnail of Up-to-date techniques for examining safety and physiological efficiency of industrial exoskeletons

Health Risk Analysis, 2020

Occupational morbidity caused by physical overloads and certain organs and systems being overstra... more Occupational morbidity caused by physical overloads and certain organs and systems being overstrained ranks second among occupational pathologies depending on an influencing adverse occupational factor. Given that, it seems vital and promising to develop industrial exoskeletons as they are able to protect a worker’s musculoskeletal system from excessive physical loads. And absence of a relative regulatory and technologic base is a challenge here as it imposes substantial limitations on industrial exoskeletons implementation in productions both in Russia and in other countries. A significant role in creating regulatory and technological base belongs to a possibility to accomplish an objective medical and biological examination of industrial exoskeletons safety and physiological efficiency. Developed and properly tested procedures for examining physiological and ergonomic properties of industrial exoskeletons will make a substantial contribution into a system of complex ergonomic test...

Research paper thumbnail of Object Grasping and Manipulating According to User-Defined Method Using Key-Points

2019 12th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE), 2019

This paper presents an approach for grasping objects by the robotic manipulator at predefined poi... more This paper presents an approach for grasping objects by the robotic manipulator at predefined points by userdefined grasping methods for cases of arbitrary position and orientation of objects. The key idea is to implement a detection algorithm for user-defined key-points on the reference object image. As these points can be detected and localized on the object surface, it is possible to generalize the initial sequence of robotic manipulations, pre-recorded for the single scene, to the set of situations with arbitrary object orientation and location within the workspace. The robotic arm had a depth camera, mounted on the end effector for 3D key-points detection and anthropomorphic robotic hand.

Research paper thumbnail of The man of the future: transformation or augmentation

In the chapter alarmist ideas that exponential development of technologies is an exceptional sour... more In the chapter alarmist ideas that exponential development of technologies is an exceptional source of the crisis of modern civilization are considered and reasonably questioned. The role of tools in the establishment of human and technologies is underlined, including information and computative processes in the formation of the modern culture. The role of information processes in nature and culture is explored, which enables us to make a conclusion that technologies including artificial intelligence and intelligent robotics are a compile and an integral part of a human being. The role of algorithms as a deep basis of crisis events due to the new opportunities of a dialogue between the machine and the human and the Transition of information without a cultural context in human-machine system is justified. Various ways to overcome crisis events whilst human transformation are offered. Firstly it is the augmentation of human possibilities with the help of exoprosthetic devices or exoco...

Research paper thumbnail of Science and Human Phenomena in the Era of Civilizational Macroshift

Research paper thumbnail of Self-Supervised Learning in Event Sequences: A Comparative Study and Hybrid Approach of Generative Modeling and Contrastive Learning

arXiv (Cornell University), Jan 29, 2024

This study explores the application of self-supervised learning techniques for event sequences. I... more This study explores the application of self-supervised learning techniques for event sequences. It is a key modality in various applications such as banking, e-commerce, and healthcare. However, there is limited research on self-supervised learning for event sequences, and methods from other domains like images, texts, and speech may not easily transfer. To determine the most suitable approach, we conduct a detailed comparative analysis of previously identified best-performing methods. We find that neither the contrastive nor generative method is superior. Our assessment includes classifying event sequences, predicting the next event, and evaluating embedding quality. These results further highlight the potential benefits of combining both methods. Given the lack of research on hybrid models in this domain, we initially adapt the baseline model from another domain. However, upon observing its underperformance, we develop a novel method called the Multimodal-Learning Event Model (MLEM). MLEM treats contrastive learning and generative modeling as distinct yet complementary modalities, aligning their embeddings. The results of our study demonstrate that combining contrastive and generative approaches into one procedure with MLEM achieves superior performance across multiple metrics.

Research paper thumbnail of Relevant Problems of Activities of the Police in the Public Order Enforcement and Public Security Sphere (on the Example of the Stavropol Territory)

Administrativnoe pravo i process, Feb 8, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of A Macro-Shifted Future: Preferred or Accidentally Possible in the Context of Advances in Artificial Intelligence Science and Technology

Research paper thumbnail of Industrial Exoskeletons as Tools for Ensuring Industrial Safety. Normative and Technical Regulation

Occupational Safety in Industry

A significant role in ensuring industrial safety in terms of protecting the interests of the empl... more A significant role in ensuring industrial safety in terms of protecting the interests of the employees personality belongs to the occupational safety, which is directly related to the system of preserving the life and health of the employees in the course of the work activities. Occupational morbidity associated with the effect of physical overload and overstrain of individual organs and systems occupies the second rank position in the structure of occupational pathology depending on the harmful production factor. In this regard, the current and promising direction is the development of industrial exoskeleton technologies that can protect the musculoskeletal system of an employee from excessive physical activity. At the same time, the problem that creates significant restrictions on the introduction of industrial exoskeletons in industries, both in Russia and in other countries, is the lack of an appropriate regulatory-technical base. Using the example of the activity of F48 Committ...

Research paper thumbnail of Industrial exoskeletons. Normative and methodological regulation

Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, 2020

The problems concerning the regulatory and methodological regulation of testing and operation of ... more The problems concerning the regulatory and methodological regulation of testing and operation of industrial exoskeletons are considered.

Research paper thumbnail of Post-Turing Methodology: Destruction of the Wall on the Way to General Artificial Intelligence

Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, 2020

В данной статье предпринята попытка комплексной критики теста Тьюринга и выработки критериев каче... more В данной статье предпринята попытка комплексной критики теста Тьюринга и выработки критериев качества новых тестов для оценки искусственного интеллекта. Показано, что предпосылки редуцирования личности и сознания человека к определенным интеллектуальным способностям, использовавшиеся А. Тьюрингом, отражали уровень развития техники того периода. В то же время демонстрируется, что взаимодействие между человеком и машиной можно рассматривать в четырех вариантах: вербальное взаимодействие в физическом мире, невербальное взаимодействие в физическом мире, невербальное взаимодействие в виртуальном мире, вербальное виртуальное взаимодействие. Тест Тьюринга фактически описывает только последний вариант. Чисто вербальное общение между субъектами, подразумевающее мышление только с использованием символьных систем,это «стена», которая исключает возможность перехода от сложных наблюдаемых явлений к абстрактному образу или понятию. Но в первые десятилетия развития компьютерной техники тест Тьюринга был простым и понятным образцом идеала программирования, соответствовал уровню технических возможностей того времени. В 2010-х гг. в программировании систем искусственного интеллекта произошли качественные изменения. Во-первых, тест Тьюринга был формально пройден без создания полного искусственного интеллекта. Сегодня машина лучше человека обращается с символьными структурами, однако не обладает возможностью сопоставлять их с реальным миром. Во-вторых, появились новые программные инструменты (нейронные сети глубокого обучения), которые позволяют частично абстрагировать когнитивные процессы (распознавание речи, лица, некоторых образов), но не формулировать новые понятия. Это дает возможность выдвинуть новые требования к тестовой оценке искусственного интеллекта: он должен поддерживать все формы общения с человеком, абстрагировать образы и конкретизировать понятия, а также участвовать в социальных практиках. Логичным представляется сравнение искусственного интеллекта с возможностями детей разного возраста. При этом антропоморфность робота сама по себе не будет показателем создания искусственного интеллекта.

Research paper thumbnail of Philosophy Now Efimov Dubrovsky Matveev

Philosophy Now, 2023

The goal set by A. Turing – the creation of a thinking machine – is one of the most important sci... more The goal set by A. Turing – the creation of a thinking machine – is one of the most important scientific problems that has not yet been solved. The modern frontier in this area is the creation of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Modern researchers are looking for different ways to solve this challenging task. In their search, many scholars point out that attempts to use exclusive linguistic communication to solve this problem are not enough. The authors of this article analyze a wide range of research and compare it with well-known research in the field of language and consciousness, which became known as the “Zagorsky experiment”. Such a comparison of the latest achievements in the field of AI and an analysis of one of the most breakthrough achievements of neuroscience in the rehabilitation of deaf-blind-mute children is being done for the first time in the literature known to us. Based on the experience of the “Zagorsk experiment”, the article concludes that sensory interaction with the outside world is a necessary condition for the creation of AGI. A vision of various forms of interaction between the machine and the surrounding world is proposed: from verbal to non-verbal, from virtual to physical and otherwise. These forms become the basis for the introduction of a new concept of techno-umwelt. Machine transitions from various techno-umwelts can serve as the basis for creating an AGI that has the ability to act as good or better than a human in a variety of environments.

Research paper thumbnail of A Survey of Computer Vision Techniques for Forest Characterization and Carbon Monitoring Tasks

Remote Sensing

Estimation of terrestrial carbon balance is one of the key tasks in the understanding and prognos... more Estimation of terrestrial carbon balance is one of the key tasks in the understanding and prognosis of climate change impacts and the development of tools and policies according to carbon mitigation and adaptation strategies. Forest ecosystems are one of the major pools of carbon stocks affected by controversial processes influencing carbon stability. Therefore, monitoring forest ecosystems is a key to proper inventory management of resources and planning their sustainable use. In this survey, we discuss which computer vision techniques are applicable to the most important aspects of forest management actions, considering the wide availability of remote sensing (RS) data of different resolutions based both on satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) observations. Our analysis applies to the most occurring tasks such as estimation of forest areas, tree species classification, and estimation of forest resources. Through the survey, we also provide a necessary technical background w...

Research paper thumbnail of Artificial Muscles (Review Article)

Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International

Abstract The current state of the art in systems and actuators for controlling soft exoskeletons ... more Abstract The current state of the art in systems and actuators for controlling soft exoskeletons is reviewed. The most important prototypes of flexible actuators are studied. Applications of these drives in medicine and industry are considered. The classification and recommendations for the construction of such devices based on the analysis of the effectiveness of the existing models by third-party research groups are given.

Research paper thumbnail of Can an Intelligent Robot Be Able to Have Ethical Features?

Voprosy Filosofii

Ethical issues in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) have been widely discussed in r... more Ethical issues in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) have been widely discussed in recent years, not only in the philosophical, but in the scientific liter­ature. This is largely due to the fear of obvious risks and threats that the growing digitalization causes in almost all areas of social life. Ethical research of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies becomes extremely relevant in the context of cre­ating a general AI system, that is, a human-level agent. This task seems difficult since ethics cannot present to engineers a normative system in the form of a cer­tain hierarchical architecture for its computational implementation. In this re­gard, authors of this article see an opportunity to avoid this uncertainty in de­signing an autonomous system of general AI by constructing particular models based on the classifier of activities. This will allow one to algorithmize the nec­essary ethical functions. There are two circumstances that need to be taken into account ...

Research paper thumbnail of The Fetish of Artificial Intelligence

Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences

The article presents grounds for defining the fetish of artificial intelligence (AI). We highligh... more The article presents grounds for defining the fetish of artificial intelligence (AI). We highlight the fundamental differences of AI from all earlier technological advances, as they are primarily related to its introduction into the human cognitive sphere and generating fundamentally new uncontrollable consequences for society. We provide solid evidence that the leaders of the globalist project are the main beneficiaries of the AI fetish. This is clearly manifested in the works of philosophers who are close to major technology corporations and their mega-projects. We suggest considering the problem of how to use the capabilities of AI to overcome the growing international conflicts and the global crisis. The focus is on the problem of agency, which solution from the standpoint of an anthropomorphic approach to AI is fraught with serious negative consequences. Endowing AI with agency, responsibility is implicitly removed from the person who uses the technology, and the established le...

Research paper thumbnail of ­­Building a Second-Opinion Tool for Classical Polygraph

Classical polygraph screenings are routinely used by critical businesses such as banking, law enf... more Classical polygraph screenings are routinely used by critical businesses such as banking, law enforcement agencies, and federal governments. A major concern of scientific communities is that screenings are prone to errors. However, screening errors are not only due to the method, but also due to human (polygraph examiner) error. Here we show application of machine learning (ML) to detect examiner errors. From an ML perspective, we trained an error detection model in the absence of labeled errors. From a practical perspective, we devised and tested successfully a second-opinion tool to find human errors in examiners’ conclusions, thus reducing subjectivity of polygraph screenings. We report novel features that uplift the model’s accuracy, and experimental results on whether people lie differently on different topics. We anticipate our results to be a step towards rethinking classical polygraph practices.

Research paper thumbnail of A Survey of Computer Vision Techniques for Forest Characterization and Carbon Monitoring Tasks

Remote Sensing, 2022

Estimation of terrestrial carbon balance is one of the key tasks in the understanding and prognos... more Estimation of terrestrial carbon balance is one of the key tasks in the understanding and prognosis of climate change impacts and the development of tools and policies according to carbon mitigation and adaptation strategies. Forest ecosystems are one of the major pools of carbon stocks affected by controversial processes influencing carbon stability. Therefore, monitoring forest ecosystems is a key to proper inventory management of resources and planning their sustainable use. In this survey, we discuss which computer vision techniques are applicable to the most important aspects of forest management actions, considering the wide availability of remote sensing (RS) data of different resolutions based both on satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) observations. Our analysis applies to the most occurring tasks such as estimation of forest areas, tree species classification, and estimation of forest resources. Through the survey, we also provide a necessary technical background with a description of suitable data sources, algorithms’ descriptions, and corresponding metrics for their evaluation. The implementation of the provided techniques into routine workflows is a significant step toward the development of systems of continuous actualization of forest data, including real-time monitoring. It is crucial for diverse purposes on both local and global scales. Among the most important are the implementation of improved forest management strategies and actions, carbon offset projects, and enhancement of the prediction accuracy of system changes under different land-use and climate scenarios.

Research paper thumbnail of The Fetish of Artificial Intelligence

RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHICAL SCIENCES (FILOSOFSKIE NAUKI), 2022

The article presents grounds for defining the fetish of artificial intelligence (AI). We highligh... more The article presents grounds for defining the fetish of artificial intelligence (AI). We highlight the fundamental differences of AI from all earlier tech- nological advances, as they are primarily related to its introduction into the human cognitive sphere and generating fundamentally new uncontrollable consequences for society. We provide solid evidence that the leaders of the globalist project are the main beneficiaries of the AI fetish. This is clearly manifested in the works of philosophers who are close to major technology corporations and their mega-projects. We suggest considering the problem of how to use the capabilities of AI to overcome the growing international conflicts and the global crisis. The focus is on the problem of agency, which solution from the standpoint of an anthropomorphic approach to AI is fraught with serious negative consequences. Endowing AI with agency, responsibil- ity is implicitly removed from the person who uses the technology, and the established legislative practice is also destroyed. We present AI as an agent endowed with a set of invariant generalized qualities that is similar to natural subjects. These qualities include: the ability to deliberation, reflexivity, com- munication and elements of sociability. Such a representation of AI as an agent (pseudo-subject) is consistent with the principle of distributed control in biology and psychology, which was called the principle of a dual subject. In combination with the systems of principles and ontologies specified in the concept of post-nonclassical cybernetics of self-developing environments, this will allow the use of AI as a means of social innovation, while maintain- ing control over AI technologies. This will also help to pose and solve the problem of integrating formations of artificial and natural intelligence while maintaining the basic qualities of carriers of natural intelligence.

Research paper thumbnail of Технологические предпосылки неразличимости человека и его компьютерной имитации

In the article, the author analyzes the problems of human-computer communication in the context o... more In the article, the author analyzes the problems of human-computer communication in the context of artificial intelligence, augmented reality and a Turing methodology for comparing the capabilities of artificial and natural intelligence in a dialogue. It is argued that the tool with which the computer and humans communicate is of no less importance than the computer program with which the dialogue is conducted. As an example of the implementation of such visualization, the project “E.LENA” of a digital television anchor created at the Sberbank Robotics Laboratory was considered. The author gives his own version of Turing's specific test to study the features of non- verbal communication interfaces between a person and a computer. The key idea formulated by the author for further discussion is to provide artificial intelligence with visual avatar in order to avoid the alienation of man and computer and the loss of semantic information during its transmission from computer to person

Research paper thumbnail of Philosophical and methodological foundations of post-Turing intelligent robotics

The importance of the topic of the research. Intelligent robotics implies a set of methods, ways ... more The importance of the topic of the research. Intelligent robotics implies a set of methods, ways of research and development of robotic systems integrating the capabilities of robotics and artificial intelligence in order to create robots, intelligent agents capable of autonomous and partly autonomous actions in different environments. The interdisciplinary nature of intelligent robotics makes it one of the most promising lines of research that has a significant influence on our whole civilization. Therefore, it is highly important to develop philosophical and methodological problems related to the development of intelligent robotics and its role in creating Artificial General Intelligence, which is a strategic task set today by the technologically advanced countries, including our country. Artificial General Intelligence implies a software and hardware complex capable of learning and acting better than the human expert in any area, achieving objectives in a broad range of environments with limited resources. Since its emergence in the last century, robotics and artificial intelligence have taken different paths in the development. Robotics was used in manufacturing by adapting application tasks to the limited mechanical capabilities of the robots. Artificial intelligence, being mostly a research paradigm, aimed at researching the possibilities of simulating human mental activity and used broad software capabilities, particularly machine learning. Independent development of these separate paths was shaped by the available element base, that, in its turn, generated the possibilities for combinatorial improvements. Robotics developed much slower due to its inherent dependence on the physical and chemical properties and engineering features of robot component parts. Artificial intelligence with mathware and software as its main components was developing much faster than robotics due to its direct dependence on research and developments in microelectronics, that still follow Moore's law 1 (the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles about every 24 months). This enabled artificial intelligence to use exponential development of the element base of component parts such as graphic accelerators, data storage systems, various sensors and broadband communication to create software that would apply machine learning to solve a wide range of application tasks. It resulted into artificial intelligence methods being used to solve Kuhn's robotics puzzles, thus accelerating the progress for both the paths. New programming tools and environments, such as deep neural networks, are capable of solving difficult robotics tasks. In turn, this generates new ways of human machine interaction that call for a deeper philosophical and methodological, as 1 Leiserson C. E. et al There's plenty of room at the Top: What will drive computer performance after Moore's law? // Science 368 (6495), eaam9744. well as epistemological consideration through the principles of post-nonclassical rationality (Stepin V.S. Lektorskiy V.A. etc.). It is the practical demand for new methodological approaches that assigns to philosophers the important role in the modern development of artificial intelligence. The development of AI technologies and robotics has reached the point when their influence on our civilization goes beyond the economic sphere and becomes an important factor of global geopolitical and ecological agenda, while remaining one of the key problems of scientific and technological development. World economic forum 2 (WEF, 2019) acknowledges the strategic priority of these technologies and includes them into fusion technologies. The results of developing artificial intelligence and robotics may become the source of new risks and systemic issues (violation of a privacy right, transformation of the very notion of employment and so on), however they promise a healthy economic growth, mitigation of a number of negative consequences of a spiraling global civilization crisis. Instead of stimulating cooperation, international competition for the leadership in creating Artificial General Intelligence is increasing. V.V. Putin, the President of Russia, has stressed that artificial intelligence is "indeed one of the key lines of technological development that determine and will determine the future of the whole world" 3 , USA is pursuing the policy of keeping the leadership in artificial intelligence, as "it has a critical significance for economy and national security of the United States" 4. All of it turns artificial intelligence and robotics into geopolitical tools, making technologies the hostages to the interests of transnational corporations. A kind of corporate Manhattan project is being created 56. Artificial intelligence and robotics, alongside with power industry, transportation, is the technology which, on the one hand, is a separate branch of manufacturing and, on the other, creates productive power for the remaining industries. Such technology is usually called a general-purpose 2 Website of the World economic forum in Davos, URL: https://intelligence.weforum.org/topics/a1Gb0000000pTDREA2?tab=publications (accessed on 28.07.2020). 3 A meeting on development of technologies in the field of artificial intelligence. URL:

Research paper thumbnail of Up-to-date techniques for examining safety and physiological efficiency of industrial exoskeletons

Health Risk Analysis, 2020

Occupational morbidity caused by physical overloads and certain organs and systems being overstra... more Occupational morbidity caused by physical overloads and certain organs and systems being overstrained ranks second among occupational pathologies depending on an influencing adverse occupational factor. Given that, it seems vital and promising to develop industrial exoskeletons as they are able to protect a worker’s musculoskeletal system from excessive physical loads. And absence of a relative regulatory and technologic base is a challenge here as it imposes substantial limitations on industrial exoskeletons implementation in productions both in Russia and in other countries. A significant role in creating regulatory and technological base belongs to a possibility to accomplish an objective medical and biological examination of industrial exoskeletons safety and physiological efficiency. Developed and properly tested procedures for examining physiological and ergonomic properties of industrial exoskeletons will make a substantial contribution into a system of complex ergonomic test...

Research paper thumbnail of Object Grasping and Manipulating According to User-Defined Method Using Key-Points

2019 12th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE), 2019

This paper presents an approach for grasping objects by the robotic manipulator at predefined poi... more This paper presents an approach for grasping objects by the robotic manipulator at predefined points by userdefined grasping methods for cases of arbitrary position and orientation of objects. The key idea is to implement a detection algorithm for user-defined key-points on the reference object image. As these points can be detected and localized on the object surface, it is possible to generalize the initial sequence of robotic manipulations, pre-recorded for the single scene, to the set of situations with arbitrary object orientation and location within the workspace. The robotic arm had a depth camera, mounted on the end effector for 3D key-points detection and anthropomorphic robotic hand.

Research paper thumbnail of The man of the future: transformation or augmentation

In the chapter alarmist ideas that exponential development of technologies is an exceptional sour... more In the chapter alarmist ideas that exponential development of technologies is an exceptional source of the crisis of modern civilization are considered and reasonably questioned. The role of tools in the establishment of human and technologies is underlined, including information and computative processes in the formation of the modern culture. The role of information processes in nature and culture is explored, which enables us to make a conclusion that technologies including artificial intelligence and intelligent robotics are a compile and an integral part of a human being. The role of algorithms as a deep basis of crisis events due to the new opportunities of a dialogue between the machine and the human and the Transition of information without a cultural context in human-machine system is justified. Various ways to overcome crisis events whilst human transformation are offered. Firstly it is the augmentation of human possibilities with the help of exoprosthetic devices or exoco...

Research paper thumbnail of The Fetish of Artificial Intelligence

RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHICAL SCIENCES (FILOSOFSKIE NAUKI), 2022

The article presents grounds for defining the fetish of artificial intelligence (AI). We highligh... more The article presents grounds for defining the fetish of artificial intelligence (AI). We highlight the fundamental differences of AI from all earlier tech- nological advances, as they are primarily related to its introduction into the human cognitive sphere and generating fundamentally new uncontrollable consequences for society. We provide solid evidence that the leaders of the globalist project are the main beneficiaries of the AI fetish. This is clearly manifested in the works of philosophers who are close to major technology corporations and their mega-projects. We suggest considering the problem of how to use the capabilities of AI to overcome the growing international conflicts and the global crisis. The focus is on the problem of agency, which solution from the standpoint of an anthropomorphic approach to AI is fraught with serious negative consequences. Endowing AI with agency, responsibil- ity is implicitly removed from the person who uses the technology, and the established legislative practice is also destroyed. We present AI as an agent endowed with a set of invariant generalized qualities that is similar to natural subjects. These qualities include: the ability to deliberation, reflexivity, com- munication and elements of sociability. Such a representation of AI as an agent (pseudo-subject) is consistent with the principle of distributed control in biology and psychology, which was called the principle of a dual subject. In combination with the systems of principles and ontologies specified in the concept of post-nonclassical cybernetics of self-developing environments, this will allow the use of AI as a means of social innovation, while maintain- ing control over AI technologies. This will also help to pose and solve the problem of integrating formations of artificial and natural intelligence while maintaining the basic qualities of carriers of natural intelligence.