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The concept in this paper builds upon basic principles of sustainability to address the problem o... more The concept in this paper builds upon basic principles of sustainability to address the problem of how a sustainable project must contribute to economic and social welfare without depleting natural resources, destroying the environment or harming human health.. With this understanding, a systems approach was used in a study that conceptualised a paradigm shift in project management system for sustainability incorporating Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Cause-effect Chain and the Socio-economic Resource models. Using a multi evidence research methodology of four project case studies in Tanzania, sustainability of the project was assessed at different phases of project life cycle. The paper presents a conceptual framework that integrates concepts of sustainability and project life cycle assessment to assess the sustainability of projects using indicators. Key words: Sustainability; Indicator; Project Life cycle; Project Management
Mkuk na Nyota All rghts reserved. No part of ths publcaton may be reproduced or transmtted n any ... more Mkuk na Nyota All rghts reserved. No part of ths publcaton may be reproduced or transmtted n any form or by any means wthout the wrtten permsson of the copyrght holder or publsher.
Cross-cultural Communication, Dec 16, 2011
Between March 2008 and March 2009 we conducted a desk study and field work on informal and low co... more Between March 2008 and March 2009 we conducted a desk study and field work on informal and low cost housing endeavours undertaken by building artisans in the new capital city of Dodoma in Tanzania. The study focused on the livelihood opportunities that can be derived from the informal housing building sub-sector as semiskilled artisans' grapple with the realities of unmet housing needs of the designated capital city of Tanzania. The argument is that there is a market for construction of low-cost housing in informal settlements in the new capital city even though these settlements are beset with problems of lack of legal tenure, poor infrastructure and sanitation. It is further argued that informal construction work offers possibilities for employment and income earning for semiskilled artisans. It was felt that a detailed study of informal housing building would provide a better understanding of the key factors and trends affecting the livelihood opportunities of people in the sub-sector and the expectation was that the findings would enlighten on the phenomenon and stimulate policy debates on how the sub-sector can be developed sustainably considering the fate of those concerned. The results show that the subsector could contribute immensely in the construction of the new capital city as well as improving the livelihoods of the practitioners if only they were well organised in cooperatives, enabled capacity-wise and training and given legal recognition.
The study was carried out to find out strengths and weaknesses in the institutional structure and... more The study was carried out to find out strengths and weaknesses in the institutional structure and associated legislation that support measures to improve the environment of the City of Dar es Salaam. The objective is to equip policy makers, particularly local government leaders, with an understanding of better means and ways of keeping the City of Dar es Salaam safe and clean without depriving its dwellers of their sustainable livelihoods. The understanding would help to avoid sending man dwellers to poverty which might lead to environmental degradation. A wide range of issues received less poverty environment literature to date, the findings of this study constitute a real and deep scrutiny advance in understanding how different social groups under different conditions secure sustainablelivelihoods, andhow they relate to environmental management practices and environmental change. The study empolyed a combination of survey methods (HBS and LMS) to collect primary data in combinatio...
African Journal of Ecology, 2009
ABSTRACT The concern over sustainable livelihoods in African drylands is an issue that has receiv... more ABSTRACT The concern over sustainable livelihoods in African drylands is an issue that has received considerable attention from researchers and policy makers alike. Over the past two decades African rural areas have undergone rapid changes, whereby, rural income diversification has become the most salient feature. With a particular focus on dryland ecosystems, among the major challenges facing communities in these areas is recurrent drought leading to conditions of food insecurity. This paper draws on experience on coping mechanisms for food insecurity from an agro-pastoral community in Mvumi, located in the semiarid areas of central Tanzania. An understanding of livelihoods of people in this area has involved examining how communities have managed to adjust their livelihood in the midst of challenges resulting not only from drought but also from various forces such as socio–economic, political and ecological factors. It has been found out that, despite profound food crisis in this area, people are not always desperate and that there are possibilities for realizing some hidden potentials of dryland resources for livelihood diversification. The issue of sustainable natural resource management in such areas is, however, questionable because of some adverse environmental effects associated with some of the coping mechanisms.
African Journal of Environmental Science and …, 2008
The Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) is experiencing changes in land use due to both anthropogenic and n... more The Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) is experiencing changes in land use due to both anthropogenic and natural drivers which are critical to the sustainability of the resources and livelihoods of the communities. Indeed the resultant land use practices and decisions made by the communities on the use of the land rely on the changes in the basin. This paper presents an analysis of the land use practices in the Lake Victoria Basin using two sub-catchments of Mara River (Tanzania) and Sio River (Kenya-Uganda) as case studies. Collection of mainly socioeconomic and environmental data involved in-depth interviews of 679 respondents from the midstream and downstream zones of the subcatchments. The findings reveal conspicuous changes in community livelihoods as a result of expansion of cultivation, overgrazing on the river banks, increased use of wetlands areas, the disappearance and extreme fragmentation of forest, bush land and appearance and the diminishing of settlements. The hitherto common resources have become scarce forcing farmers to try intensifying and diversifying their farm production with little success due to poor traditional farming practices. Although local initiatives are leading to change, there is need for integrated approaches of indigenous knowledge, technical agricultural research, economic analysis, and policy studies and reforms.
The concept in this paper builds upon basic principles of sustainability to address the problem o... more The concept in this paper builds upon basic principles of sustainability to address the problem of how a sustainable project must contribute to economic and social welfare without depleting natural resources, destroying the environment or harming human health.. With this understanding, a systems approach was used in a study that conceptualised a paradigm shift in project management system for sustainability incorporating Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Cause-effect Chain and the Socio-economic Resource models. Using a multi evidence research methodology of four project case studies in Tanzania, sustainability of the project was assessed at different phases of project life cycle. The paper presents a conceptual framework that integrates concepts of sustainability and project life cycle assessment to assess the sustainability of projects using indicators. Key words: Sustainability; Indicator; Project Life cycle; Project Management
Effects of land use practices on livelihoods in the
The Sio sub-catchment is transboundary, originating in Kenya and flowing into Berkeley Bay of the... more The Sio sub-catchment is transboundary, originating in Kenya and flowing into Berkeley Bay of the Lake Victoria basin. It forms an important sub-catchment of the Nile basin and a significant base for the livelihood of small scale farmers engaged in mixed farming, depending on agriculture and livestock keeping as well as a large population depending on fishing. Indeed, high population densities exceeding 300 persons per square kilometre and cattle densities of 38 have been noted within basin, and continue to increase pressing heavy demand on the watershed resources – water, soil, vegetation. Thus the basin continues to be deforested as demand for human settlements, agriculture and grazing land increases leading to land degradation that is characterised by fertility losses, erosion by water and increases in sediment load as it drains into Lake Victoria. The livelihood of the population has been adversely affected and has in turn lead to unsustainable natural resources utilization. Int...
Mkuk na Nyota All rghts reserved. No part of ths publcaton may be reproduced or transmtted n any ... more Mkuk na Nyota All rghts reserved. No part of ths publcaton may be reproduced or transmtted n any form or by any means wthout the wrtten permsson of the copyrght holder or publsher.
Environment and Natural Resources Research, 2012
The paper is about a study that rested on the mapping of how men and women gain entitlements (acc... more The paper is about a study that rested on the mapping of how men and women gain entitlements (access to, ownership and control) of coastal resources through endowments, referred to herein as environmental entitlements. Environmental entitlements are enhanced by institutional means and mechanisms and the policy dimension of which demand specific forms of action to promote and protect them. The central role played by institutions (regularised patterns of behaviour between men and women in society) in bringing about changes to the environment and society relationships, was the premises of the study. The study explored on how men and women command natural resources that are instrumental to their wellbeing (van Ingen, Kawau, & Wells, 2002). A combination of data collection techniques were used, which included in-depth household interviews, focus group discussions, participant observations, and documentary review to capture the understanding of the relationship between environmental entitlements and gender roles. Various alternative conceptualisations of gender-environment relations, which can roughly be thought of as translations of the findings into the environment domain, were also used. As an action research, it highlighted a number of empowerment issues for participatory implementation with the focus on women. This is in recognition that there is undervaluation of both environmental resources and of women's labour in managing and conserving these.
The concept in this paper builds upon basic principles of sustainability to address the problem o... more The concept in this paper builds upon basic principles of sustainability to address the problem of how a sustainable project must contribute to economic and social welfare without depleting natural resources, destroying the environment or harming human health.. With this understanding, a systems approach was used in a study that conceptualised a paradigm shift in project management system for sustainability incorporating Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Cause-effect Chain and the Socio-economic Resource models. Using a multi evidence research methodology of four project case studies in Tanzania, sustainability of the project was assessed at different phases of project life cycle. The paper presents a conceptual framework that integrates concepts of sustainability and project life cycle assessment to assess the sustainability of projects using indicators. Key words: Sustainability; Indicator; Project Life cycle; Project Management
Mkuk na Nyota All rghts reserved. No part of ths publcaton may be reproduced or transmtted n any ... more Mkuk na Nyota All rghts reserved. No part of ths publcaton may be reproduced or transmtted n any form or by any means wthout the wrtten permsson of the copyrght holder or publsher.
Cross-cultural Communication, Dec 16, 2011
Between March 2008 and March 2009 we conducted a desk study and field work on informal and low co... more Between March 2008 and March 2009 we conducted a desk study and field work on informal and low cost housing endeavours undertaken by building artisans in the new capital city of Dodoma in Tanzania. The study focused on the livelihood opportunities that can be derived from the informal housing building sub-sector as semiskilled artisans' grapple with the realities of unmet housing needs of the designated capital city of Tanzania. The argument is that there is a market for construction of low-cost housing in informal settlements in the new capital city even though these settlements are beset with problems of lack of legal tenure, poor infrastructure and sanitation. It is further argued that informal construction work offers possibilities for employment and income earning for semiskilled artisans. It was felt that a detailed study of informal housing building would provide a better understanding of the key factors and trends affecting the livelihood opportunities of people in the sub-sector and the expectation was that the findings would enlighten on the phenomenon and stimulate policy debates on how the sub-sector can be developed sustainably considering the fate of those concerned. The results show that the subsector could contribute immensely in the construction of the new capital city as well as improving the livelihoods of the practitioners if only they were well organised in cooperatives, enabled capacity-wise and training and given legal recognition.
The study was carried out to find out strengths and weaknesses in the institutional structure and... more The study was carried out to find out strengths and weaknesses in the institutional structure and associated legislation that support measures to improve the environment of the City of Dar es Salaam. The objective is to equip policy makers, particularly local government leaders, with an understanding of better means and ways of keeping the City of Dar es Salaam safe and clean without depriving its dwellers of their sustainable livelihoods. The understanding would help to avoid sending man dwellers to poverty which might lead to environmental degradation. A wide range of issues received less poverty environment literature to date, the findings of this study constitute a real and deep scrutiny advance in understanding how different social groups under different conditions secure sustainablelivelihoods, andhow they relate to environmental management practices and environmental change. The study empolyed a combination of survey methods (HBS and LMS) to collect primary data in combinatio...
African Journal of Ecology, 2009
ABSTRACT The concern over sustainable livelihoods in African drylands is an issue that has receiv... more ABSTRACT The concern over sustainable livelihoods in African drylands is an issue that has received considerable attention from researchers and policy makers alike. Over the past two decades African rural areas have undergone rapid changes, whereby, rural income diversification has become the most salient feature. With a particular focus on dryland ecosystems, among the major challenges facing communities in these areas is recurrent drought leading to conditions of food insecurity. This paper draws on experience on coping mechanisms for food insecurity from an agro-pastoral community in Mvumi, located in the semiarid areas of central Tanzania. An understanding of livelihoods of people in this area has involved examining how communities have managed to adjust their livelihood in the midst of challenges resulting not only from drought but also from various forces such as socio–economic, political and ecological factors. It has been found out that, despite profound food crisis in this area, people are not always desperate and that there are possibilities for realizing some hidden potentials of dryland resources for livelihood diversification. The issue of sustainable natural resource management in such areas is, however, questionable because of some adverse environmental effects associated with some of the coping mechanisms.
African Journal of Environmental Science and …, 2008
The Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) is experiencing changes in land use due to both anthropogenic and n... more The Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) is experiencing changes in land use due to both anthropogenic and natural drivers which are critical to the sustainability of the resources and livelihoods of the communities. Indeed the resultant land use practices and decisions made by the communities on the use of the land rely on the changes in the basin. This paper presents an analysis of the land use practices in the Lake Victoria Basin using two sub-catchments of Mara River (Tanzania) and Sio River (Kenya-Uganda) as case studies. Collection of mainly socioeconomic and environmental data involved in-depth interviews of 679 respondents from the midstream and downstream zones of the subcatchments. The findings reveal conspicuous changes in community livelihoods as a result of expansion of cultivation, overgrazing on the river banks, increased use of wetlands areas, the disappearance and extreme fragmentation of forest, bush land and appearance and the diminishing of settlements. The hitherto common resources have become scarce forcing farmers to try intensifying and diversifying their farm production with little success due to poor traditional farming practices. Although local initiatives are leading to change, there is need for integrated approaches of indigenous knowledge, technical agricultural research, economic analysis, and policy studies and reforms.
The concept in this paper builds upon basic principles of sustainability to address the problem o... more The concept in this paper builds upon basic principles of sustainability to address the problem of how a sustainable project must contribute to economic and social welfare without depleting natural resources, destroying the environment or harming human health.. With this understanding, a systems approach was used in a study that conceptualised a paradigm shift in project management system for sustainability incorporating Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Cause-effect Chain and the Socio-economic Resource models. Using a multi evidence research methodology of four project case studies in Tanzania, sustainability of the project was assessed at different phases of project life cycle. The paper presents a conceptual framework that integrates concepts of sustainability and project life cycle assessment to assess the sustainability of projects using indicators. Key words: Sustainability; Indicator; Project Life cycle; Project Management
Effects of land use practices on livelihoods in the
The Sio sub-catchment is transboundary, originating in Kenya and flowing into Berkeley Bay of the... more The Sio sub-catchment is transboundary, originating in Kenya and flowing into Berkeley Bay of the Lake Victoria basin. It forms an important sub-catchment of the Nile basin and a significant base for the livelihood of small scale farmers engaged in mixed farming, depending on agriculture and livestock keeping as well as a large population depending on fishing. Indeed, high population densities exceeding 300 persons per square kilometre and cattle densities of 38 have been noted within basin, and continue to increase pressing heavy demand on the watershed resources – water, soil, vegetation. Thus the basin continues to be deforested as demand for human settlements, agriculture and grazing land increases leading to land degradation that is characterised by fertility losses, erosion by water and increases in sediment load as it drains into Lake Victoria. The livelihood of the population has been adversely affected and has in turn lead to unsustainable natural resources utilization. Int...
Mkuk na Nyota All rghts reserved. No part of ths publcaton may be reproduced or transmtted n any ... more Mkuk na Nyota All rghts reserved. No part of ths publcaton may be reproduced or transmtted n any form or by any means wthout the wrtten permsson of the copyrght holder or publsher.
Environment and Natural Resources Research, 2012
The paper is about a study that rested on the mapping of how men and women gain entitlements (acc... more The paper is about a study that rested on the mapping of how men and women gain entitlements (access to, ownership and control) of coastal resources through endowments, referred to herein as environmental entitlements. Environmental entitlements are enhanced by institutional means and mechanisms and the policy dimension of which demand specific forms of action to promote and protect them. The central role played by institutions (regularised patterns of behaviour between men and women in society) in bringing about changes to the environment and society relationships, was the premises of the study. The study explored on how men and women command natural resources that are instrumental to their wellbeing (van Ingen, Kawau, & Wells, 2002). A combination of data collection techniques were used, which included in-depth household interviews, focus group discussions, participant observations, and documentary review to capture the understanding of the relationship between environmental entitlements and gender roles. Various alternative conceptualisations of gender-environment relations, which can roughly be thought of as translations of the findings into the environment domain, were also used. As an action research, it highlighted a number of empowerment issues for participatory implementation with the focus on women. This is in recognition that there is undervaluation of both environmental resources and of women's labour in managing and conserving these.