Jeffrey Aldrich - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Jeffrey Aldrich
Physiological Entomology, 2003
The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1994
Page 1. 6136 A New Spiroketal I'ype from the Insect Kingdom Christopher J. Moore,**? Achim H... more Page 1. 6136 A New Spiroketal I'ype from the Insect Kingdom Christopher J. Moore,**? Achim Hubener,S Yong Q. Tu,$ William Kitching,* Jeffrey R. Aldrich,t,a Geoffrey K. Waite,? Stefan Schulz,l and Wittko Franckel Department ...
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2010
Analyses of the dorsal abdominal glands of fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs of the bed bud, Cimex ... more Analyses of the dorsal abdominal glands of fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs of the bed bud, Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), indicated the predominant constituents were (E)-2-hexenal and (E)-2-octenal, with lesser amounts of 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal and 4-oxo-(E)-2-octenal. The latter two compounds have not been reported previously as occurring in bed bugs. There were no differences in the chemical composition of the dorsal abdominal glands excised from exuviae left behind by either male or female adults, nor from glands excised from fourth-instar exuviae. Because the two oxo-aldehydes made up at least 16% of the gland contents, further study of the functional role of these chemicals seem advisable.
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1994
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1981
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1981
Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 1999
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2004
Gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) experiments showed that antennae of ... more Gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) experiments showed that antennae of males and females of the goldeneyed lacewing, Chrysopa oculata Say (Co. = Chrysopa), consistently responded to four compounds extracted from the abdominal cuticle of males: nonanal, nonanol, nonanoic acid, and (1R * ,2S * ,5R * ,8R *)-iridodial. These compounds were not detected from abdominal cuticle of females. Thoracic extracts of both sexes contained antennal-stimulatory 1-tridecene and EAD-inactive skatole. Chrysopa oculata adults were most sensitive to (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial standard at an EAD-response threshold between 0.1 and 1 pg, which was 10-100 times lower than thresholds for nonanal and nonanoic acid, and up to 10,000 times lower than thresholds for other compounds tested. A similar EAD response pattern was also found in another Chrysopa sp. (Co. quadripunctata Burmeister). In field-trapping experiments, (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial was the only male-specific compound that attracted Co. oculata males. Males also were weakly attracted to (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol (an aphid sex pheromone component), probably due to the 5% (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial present in the synthetic sample as an impurity. A herbivore-induced plant volatile, methyl salicylate, increased attraction of males to (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial, whereas 1-tridecene was antagonistic. No females were caught in the entire study. Scanning electron micrographs revealed numerous male-specific, elliptical epidermal glands on the 3rd-8th abdominal sternites of Co. oculata, which are ZHANG, CHAUHAN, ERBE, VELLORE, AND ALDRICH likely the pheromone glands. Another lacewing species, Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) (Cl. = Chrysoperla), did not produce male-specific volatiles or possess the type of gland presumed to produce pheromone in Co. oculata males, but (Z)-4-tridecene was identified as a major antennal-stimulatory compound from thoracic extracts of both sexes of Cl. rufilabris. Thus, (1R,2S,5R,8R)iridodial (or its enantiomer) is now identified as a male-produced male aggregation pheromone for Co. oculata, the first pheromone identified for lacewings.
Data and observations on wild tachinid flies that were attracted to traps baited with known or su... more Data and observations on wild tachinid flies that were attracted to traps baited with known or suspected pheromones for the following stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) are reported: Podisus maculiventris (SAY), Euschistus tristigmus (SAY), Thyanta custator accerra MCATEE, Acrosternum hilare (SAY), and Halyomorpha halys (STAL). Halyomorpha halys, called the brown marmorated stink bug, is a newly invasive species in the eastern U. S., while the other stink bugs listed are native North American species. The following known tachinid parasitoids of stink bugs were captured: Euclytia flava (TOWNSEND) (Phasiinae), Gymnosoma par (WALKER) (Phasiinae), Euthera tentatrix LOEW (Dexiinae), Hemyda aurata ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY (Phasiinae), Cylindromyia fumipennis (BIGOT) (Phasiinae), and Trichopoda pennipes (F.) (Phasiinae). Tachinids in the subfamily Phasiinae commonly exploit pheromones to guide their search for potential hosts. The findings of the current study bolster this conclusi...
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry
ABSTRACT
Journal of Chemical Ecology
Many adult Chrysoperla comanche (Stephens) green lacewings were caught in traps baited with live ... more Many adult Chrysoperla comanche (Stephens) green lacewings were caught in traps baited with live yeast cultures during tests designed to catch olive fruit flies. All 13 yeast species tested were more attractive than the industry-standard dried torula yeast (Cyberlindnera jadinii; syn. Candida utilis). Live C. jadinii culture attracted significantly more lacewings than the inactive dried-pellet form of the same yeast species, demonstrating that volatiles from live yeast cultures attract adults of this lacewing. Odor profiles for two of the highly active yeasts tested herein (Lachancea thermotolerans and Solicoccozyma terrea) were similar to that for Metschnikowia pulcherrima, a yeast species isolated earlier from the gut diverticulum of Chrysoperla rufilabris. A new Metschnikowia species (M. chrysoperlae), along with two new Candida spp. that were recently realigned to one of the Metschnikowia clades (M. picachoensis and M. pimensis), were also identified from the diverticulum of C. comanche. Thus, one clade of Metschnikowia yeasts that commonly occur in floral nectar appears to exhibit mutualistic symbioses with Chrysoperla green lacewings. Both male and female C. comanche adults were attracted in the present study, and we speculate that males have exploited this symbiosis by offering Metschnikowia-laden regurgitant, including attractive volatiles, to females (‘mating trophallaxis’) as a nuptial gift.
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C
Male predaceous stink bugs (Pentatom idae: Asopinae) in the genus Podisus release longrange attra... more Male predaceous stink bugs (Pentatom idae: Asopinae) in the genus Podisus release longrange attractant pheromones from a pair of hypertrophied glands opening underneath the wings. Pherom one com positions are reported for four additional Podisus spp.: two Neotropical species (P. connexivus and an undetermined Podisussp.), and two Nearctic species (P. placidus and P. mucronatus). Males of each species release (E)-2-hexenal, plus species-specific major components that include α-terpineol, linalool, 9-hydroxy-2-nonanone, and (E)-2-hexenyl tiglate. The pheromonal chemistry of the Neotropical species closely resembles that for the previously studied Nearctic species, P. macuiiventris and P. fretus.
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C
Isomeric compounds reportedly released by mature males of Nezara viridula as attractants for cons... more Isomeric compounds reportedly released by mature males of Nezara viridula as attractants for conspecific females are evidently artifacts formed by dimerization of (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal. Additional analyses of the male-specific volatiles from Italian, Australian, Brazilian, and Japanese populations of N. viridula verify that at least two distinctive pheromone strains exist, but an active synthetic pheromone has not yet been developed. Analyses of volatiles from N. antennata and Acrosternum aseadum males are also reported showing that the native Japanese Nezara sp., and species in the sister genus Acrosternum, produce species-specific blends based on the same compounds as N. viridula: (Z)-α-bisabolene (1-methyl-4-(1,5-dim ethyl-(Z)-1,4- hexadienyl)-cyclohexene), and trans- and cis-1,2-epoxides of (Z)-α-bisabolene. The trans-/cis- 1,2-epoxide ratio of N. antennata is within the range found for most N. viridula populations, but the blend from Japanese N. viridula males deviates radically ...
Journal of Chemical Ecology
This study identified chemicals found on the eggs of two stink bug species, one native to western... more This study identified chemicals found on the eggs of two stink bug species, one native to western North America, Euschistus conspersus, and an invasive species from Asia, Halyomorpha halys. The responses of two scelionid egg parasitoids, Trissolcus erugatus and Telenomus podisi, toward natural stink bug egg volatiles, and synthetic reconstructions of egg volatiles, were tested in bioassays. A compound, methyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate, previously identified as the major component of the male-produced aggregation pheromone of E. conspersus, was the major volatile identified from extracts of E. conspersus eggs. In contrast, for H. halys, the sesquiterpenoids that compose the male-produced aggregation pheromone of this species were not detected on eggs, whereas the presence of hexadecanal, octadecanal, and eicosanal was detected. In laboratory olfactometer tests, both Tr. erugatus and Te. podisi females were attracted to extracts of E. conspersus eggs, and to synthetic methyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate. However, female Tr. erugatus and Te. podisi wasps were repelled, both by extracts of H. halys eggs and by a blend of the aldehydes identified from H. halys eggs. A follow-up field study, using hexane-washed and intact E. conspersus as sentinel eggs, showed that the parasitoids Trissolcus erugatus and Gryon obesum emerged from these eggs. Sentinel hexane-washed eggs treated with 3 ng of methyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate were parasitized more by these two species than were hexane-washed or unwashed eggs, whereas hexane-washed eggs treated with a comparable dose of the C16,18,20 aldehyde mixture were avoided by these parasitoids. In a further field experiment, Trissolcus basalis was the primary parasitoid found in sticky traps baited with methyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate, indicating that this species was attracted to, but either did not oviposit or develop in the E. conspersus sentinel eggs in the previous experiment.
Journal of Entomological Science
The semiochemistry of the common North American pest of crucifers, Murgantia histrionica (Hahn) (... more The semiochemistry of the common North American pest of crucifers, Murgantia histrionica (Hahn) (the harlequin bug), and two related European species, Eurydema ventrale L. and E. oleraceum L., was investigated. The metathoracic scent glands of these warningly-colored stink bugs (Pentatomidae) are smaller than the scent glands of most cryptically-colored pentatomids, and the secretions from the scent glands of Murgantia and Eurydema species include two heretofore unknown natural products: (2E,62E)-octadienedial and (2E,6E)-octadiene-l,8-diol diacetate. It also was discovered that when harlequin bug adults are squeezed, they expel a frothy fluid from the margins of the prothorax with a distinctive odor due to the presence of 2-sec-butyl-3-methoxypyrazine and 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine. The presence of alkylmethoxyprazines in the expelled fluid of harlequin bugs extends the known distribution of these compounds to include the Heteroptera, and strengthens the argument that this class...
Journal of Entomological Science
Combinations of (E)-2-hexenal diethyl acetal, racemic α-terpineol or linalool, with or without be... more Combinations of (E)-2-hexenal diethyl acetal, racemic α-terpineol or linalool, with or without benzyl alcohol incorporated into polyvinyl chloride attracted wasps in the Vespula vulgaris species group, including the Eastern, Vespula maculifrons (Buysson), and German, V. germanica (F.), yellowjackets. (E)-2-Hexenal diethyl acetal degrades to release (E)-2-hexenal (the active attractant form) and ethanol, which may help kill yellowjackets caught in the water inside the traps used for testing. Combining the (E)-2-hexenal diethyl acetal/α-terpineol or linalool mixtures with another blend previously reported as attractive to yellowjackets (acetic acid/isobutanol) synergistically attracted the Eastern yellowjacket. It is hypothesized that the synergistic attraction is a result of combining volatile chemicals associated with carbohydrate feeding (acetic acid/isobutanol) and volatiles associated with foraging for insect prey (hexenal/α-terpineol or linalool).
Journal of Entomological Science
Hexyl and (E)-2-hexenyl butyrates and (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal are major components of the metathoraci... more Hexyl and (E)-2-hexenyl butyrates and (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal are major components of the metathoracic scent gland (MSG) secretion and aeration samples of many plant bugs (Miridae), including the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois). Laboratory and field experiments were performed (1) to determine the extent to which MSG-produced compounds are detected by antennae of L. lineolaris males and females, and (2) to elucidate the behavioral activity associated with the antennally active MSG compounds. The three major MSG-produced compounds elicited strong antennal responses by both sexes. In Y-track olfactometer tests, attraction of males to virgin females was significantly reduced when a dispenser loaded with hexyl butyrate was placed with the virgin females. Hexyl butyrate tested alone against a blank control significantly repelled males. In the field, ternary and partial binary combinations of these three EAD-active compounds failed to attract either sex, whereas vir...
Journal of Experimental Zoology
Makisterone A (24-methyl-20-hydroxyecdysone) is approximately ten times more potent than 20-hydro... more Makisterone A (24-methyl-20-hydroxyecdysone) is approximately ten times more potent than 20-hydroxyecdysone in the stimulation of cuticle synthesis and inhibition of vitellogenesis when injected into 3-day-old virgin females of Oncopeltus fasciatus. By day 6 postinjection with an active dose of makisterone A, the new cuticle appears identical in color pattern and morphology to the old adult cuticle, although the insects never undergo ecdysial contractions. Since milkweed bugs are also known to be incapable of dealkylating phytosterols, and makisterone A has been previously identified as the predominant ecdysteroid from embryonated eggs of this species, it is likely that makisterone A is the molting hormone of 0. fasciatus or is closer to the structure of the indigenous hormone than is 20-hydroxyecdysone. 1 The a-configuration corresponds to the stereochemistry of the C-24 methyl group in carnpesterol.
Physiological Entomology, 2003
The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1994
Page 1. 6136 A New Spiroketal I'ype from the Insect Kingdom Christopher J. Moore,**? Achim H... more Page 1. 6136 A New Spiroketal I'ype from the Insect Kingdom Christopher J. Moore,**? Achim Hubener,S Yong Q. Tu,$ William Kitching,* Jeffrey R. Aldrich,t,a Geoffrey K. Waite,? Stefan Schulz,l and Wittko Franckel Department ...
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2010
Analyses of the dorsal abdominal glands of fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs of the bed bud, Cimex ... more Analyses of the dorsal abdominal glands of fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs of the bed bud, Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), indicated the predominant constituents were (E)-2-hexenal and (E)-2-octenal, with lesser amounts of 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal and 4-oxo-(E)-2-octenal. The latter two compounds have not been reported previously as occurring in bed bugs. There were no differences in the chemical composition of the dorsal abdominal glands excised from exuviae left behind by either male or female adults, nor from glands excised from fourth-instar exuviae. Because the two oxo-aldehydes made up at least 16% of the gland contents, further study of the functional role of these chemicals seem advisable.
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1994
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1981
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1981
Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 1999
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2004
Gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) experiments showed that antennae of ... more Gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) experiments showed that antennae of males and females of the goldeneyed lacewing, Chrysopa oculata Say (Co. = Chrysopa), consistently responded to four compounds extracted from the abdominal cuticle of males: nonanal, nonanol, nonanoic acid, and (1R * ,2S * ,5R * ,8R *)-iridodial. These compounds were not detected from abdominal cuticle of females. Thoracic extracts of both sexes contained antennal-stimulatory 1-tridecene and EAD-inactive skatole. Chrysopa oculata adults were most sensitive to (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial standard at an EAD-response threshold between 0.1 and 1 pg, which was 10-100 times lower than thresholds for nonanal and nonanoic acid, and up to 10,000 times lower than thresholds for other compounds tested. A similar EAD response pattern was also found in another Chrysopa sp. (Co. quadripunctata Burmeister). In field-trapping experiments, (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial was the only male-specific compound that attracted Co. oculata males. Males also were weakly attracted to (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol (an aphid sex pheromone component), probably due to the 5% (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial present in the synthetic sample as an impurity. A herbivore-induced plant volatile, methyl salicylate, increased attraction of males to (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial, whereas 1-tridecene was antagonistic. No females were caught in the entire study. Scanning electron micrographs revealed numerous male-specific, elliptical epidermal glands on the 3rd-8th abdominal sternites of Co. oculata, which are ZHANG, CHAUHAN, ERBE, VELLORE, AND ALDRICH likely the pheromone glands. Another lacewing species, Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) (Cl. = Chrysoperla), did not produce male-specific volatiles or possess the type of gland presumed to produce pheromone in Co. oculata males, but (Z)-4-tridecene was identified as a major antennal-stimulatory compound from thoracic extracts of both sexes of Cl. rufilabris. Thus, (1R,2S,5R,8R)iridodial (or its enantiomer) is now identified as a male-produced male aggregation pheromone for Co. oculata, the first pheromone identified for lacewings.
Data and observations on wild tachinid flies that were attracted to traps baited with known or su... more Data and observations on wild tachinid flies that were attracted to traps baited with known or suspected pheromones for the following stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) are reported: Podisus maculiventris (SAY), Euschistus tristigmus (SAY), Thyanta custator accerra MCATEE, Acrosternum hilare (SAY), and Halyomorpha halys (STAL). Halyomorpha halys, called the brown marmorated stink bug, is a newly invasive species in the eastern U. S., while the other stink bugs listed are native North American species. The following known tachinid parasitoids of stink bugs were captured: Euclytia flava (TOWNSEND) (Phasiinae), Gymnosoma par (WALKER) (Phasiinae), Euthera tentatrix LOEW (Dexiinae), Hemyda aurata ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY (Phasiinae), Cylindromyia fumipennis (BIGOT) (Phasiinae), and Trichopoda pennipes (F.) (Phasiinae). Tachinids in the subfamily Phasiinae commonly exploit pheromones to guide their search for potential hosts. The findings of the current study bolster this conclusi...
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry
ABSTRACT
Journal of Chemical Ecology
Many adult Chrysoperla comanche (Stephens) green lacewings were caught in traps baited with live ... more Many adult Chrysoperla comanche (Stephens) green lacewings were caught in traps baited with live yeast cultures during tests designed to catch olive fruit flies. All 13 yeast species tested were more attractive than the industry-standard dried torula yeast (Cyberlindnera jadinii; syn. Candida utilis). Live C. jadinii culture attracted significantly more lacewings than the inactive dried-pellet form of the same yeast species, demonstrating that volatiles from live yeast cultures attract adults of this lacewing. Odor profiles for two of the highly active yeasts tested herein (Lachancea thermotolerans and Solicoccozyma terrea) were similar to that for Metschnikowia pulcherrima, a yeast species isolated earlier from the gut diverticulum of Chrysoperla rufilabris. A new Metschnikowia species (M. chrysoperlae), along with two new Candida spp. that were recently realigned to one of the Metschnikowia clades (M. picachoensis and M. pimensis), were also identified from the diverticulum of C. comanche. Thus, one clade of Metschnikowia yeasts that commonly occur in floral nectar appears to exhibit mutualistic symbioses with Chrysoperla green lacewings. Both male and female C. comanche adults were attracted in the present study, and we speculate that males have exploited this symbiosis by offering Metschnikowia-laden regurgitant, including attractive volatiles, to females (‘mating trophallaxis’) as a nuptial gift.
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C
Male predaceous stink bugs (Pentatom idae: Asopinae) in the genus Podisus release longrange attra... more Male predaceous stink bugs (Pentatom idae: Asopinae) in the genus Podisus release longrange attractant pheromones from a pair of hypertrophied glands opening underneath the wings. Pherom one com positions are reported for four additional Podisus spp.: two Neotropical species (P. connexivus and an undetermined Podisussp.), and two Nearctic species (P. placidus and P. mucronatus). Males of each species release (E)-2-hexenal, plus species-specific major components that include α-terpineol, linalool, 9-hydroxy-2-nonanone, and (E)-2-hexenyl tiglate. The pheromonal chemistry of the Neotropical species closely resembles that for the previously studied Nearctic species, P. macuiiventris and P. fretus.
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C
Isomeric compounds reportedly released by mature males of Nezara viridula as attractants for cons... more Isomeric compounds reportedly released by mature males of Nezara viridula as attractants for conspecific females are evidently artifacts formed by dimerization of (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal. Additional analyses of the male-specific volatiles from Italian, Australian, Brazilian, and Japanese populations of N. viridula verify that at least two distinctive pheromone strains exist, but an active synthetic pheromone has not yet been developed. Analyses of volatiles from N. antennata and Acrosternum aseadum males are also reported showing that the native Japanese Nezara sp., and species in the sister genus Acrosternum, produce species-specific blends based on the same compounds as N. viridula: (Z)-α-bisabolene (1-methyl-4-(1,5-dim ethyl-(Z)-1,4- hexadienyl)-cyclohexene), and trans- and cis-1,2-epoxides of (Z)-α-bisabolene. The trans-/cis- 1,2-epoxide ratio of N. antennata is within the range found for most N. viridula populations, but the blend from Japanese N. viridula males deviates radically ...
Journal of Chemical Ecology
This study identified chemicals found on the eggs of two stink bug species, one native to western... more This study identified chemicals found on the eggs of two stink bug species, one native to western North America, Euschistus conspersus, and an invasive species from Asia, Halyomorpha halys. The responses of two scelionid egg parasitoids, Trissolcus erugatus and Telenomus podisi, toward natural stink bug egg volatiles, and synthetic reconstructions of egg volatiles, were tested in bioassays. A compound, methyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate, previously identified as the major component of the male-produced aggregation pheromone of E. conspersus, was the major volatile identified from extracts of E. conspersus eggs. In contrast, for H. halys, the sesquiterpenoids that compose the male-produced aggregation pheromone of this species were not detected on eggs, whereas the presence of hexadecanal, octadecanal, and eicosanal was detected. In laboratory olfactometer tests, both Tr. erugatus and Te. podisi females were attracted to extracts of E. conspersus eggs, and to synthetic methyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate. However, female Tr. erugatus and Te. podisi wasps were repelled, both by extracts of H. halys eggs and by a blend of the aldehydes identified from H. halys eggs. A follow-up field study, using hexane-washed and intact E. conspersus as sentinel eggs, showed that the parasitoids Trissolcus erugatus and Gryon obesum emerged from these eggs. Sentinel hexane-washed eggs treated with 3 ng of methyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate were parasitized more by these two species than were hexane-washed or unwashed eggs, whereas hexane-washed eggs treated with a comparable dose of the C16,18,20 aldehyde mixture were avoided by these parasitoids. In a further field experiment, Trissolcus basalis was the primary parasitoid found in sticky traps baited with methyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate, indicating that this species was attracted to, but either did not oviposit or develop in the E. conspersus sentinel eggs in the previous experiment.
Journal of Entomological Science
The semiochemistry of the common North American pest of crucifers, Murgantia histrionica (Hahn) (... more The semiochemistry of the common North American pest of crucifers, Murgantia histrionica (Hahn) (the harlequin bug), and two related European species, Eurydema ventrale L. and E. oleraceum L., was investigated. The metathoracic scent glands of these warningly-colored stink bugs (Pentatomidae) are smaller than the scent glands of most cryptically-colored pentatomids, and the secretions from the scent glands of Murgantia and Eurydema species include two heretofore unknown natural products: (2E,62E)-octadienedial and (2E,6E)-octadiene-l,8-diol diacetate. It also was discovered that when harlequin bug adults are squeezed, they expel a frothy fluid from the margins of the prothorax with a distinctive odor due to the presence of 2-sec-butyl-3-methoxypyrazine and 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine. The presence of alkylmethoxyprazines in the expelled fluid of harlequin bugs extends the known distribution of these compounds to include the Heteroptera, and strengthens the argument that this class...
Journal of Entomological Science
Combinations of (E)-2-hexenal diethyl acetal, racemic α-terpineol or linalool, with or without be... more Combinations of (E)-2-hexenal diethyl acetal, racemic α-terpineol or linalool, with or without benzyl alcohol incorporated into polyvinyl chloride attracted wasps in the Vespula vulgaris species group, including the Eastern, Vespula maculifrons (Buysson), and German, V. germanica (F.), yellowjackets. (E)-2-Hexenal diethyl acetal degrades to release (E)-2-hexenal (the active attractant form) and ethanol, which may help kill yellowjackets caught in the water inside the traps used for testing. Combining the (E)-2-hexenal diethyl acetal/α-terpineol or linalool mixtures with another blend previously reported as attractive to yellowjackets (acetic acid/isobutanol) synergistically attracted the Eastern yellowjacket. It is hypothesized that the synergistic attraction is a result of combining volatile chemicals associated with carbohydrate feeding (acetic acid/isobutanol) and volatiles associated with foraging for insect prey (hexenal/α-terpineol or linalool).
Journal of Entomological Science
Hexyl and (E)-2-hexenyl butyrates and (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal are major components of the metathoraci... more Hexyl and (E)-2-hexenyl butyrates and (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal are major components of the metathoracic scent gland (MSG) secretion and aeration samples of many plant bugs (Miridae), including the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois). Laboratory and field experiments were performed (1) to determine the extent to which MSG-produced compounds are detected by antennae of L. lineolaris males and females, and (2) to elucidate the behavioral activity associated with the antennally active MSG compounds. The three major MSG-produced compounds elicited strong antennal responses by both sexes. In Y-track olfactometer tests, attraction of males to virgin females was significantly reduced when a dispenser loaded with hexyl butyrate was placed with the virgin females. Hexyl butyrate tested alone against a blank control significantly repelled males. In the field, ternary and partial binary combinations of these three EAD-active compounds failed to attract either sex, whereas vir...
Journal of Experimental Zoology
Makisterone A (24-methyl-20-hydroxyecdysone) is approximately ten times more potent than 20-hydro... more Makisterone A (24-methyl-20-hydroxyecdysone) is approximately ten times more potent than 20-hydroxyecdysone in the stimulation of cuticle synthesis and inhibition of vitellogenesis when injected into 3-day-old virgin females of Oncopeltus fasciatus. By day 6 postinjection with an active dose of makisterone A, the new cuticle appears identical in color pattern and morphology to the old adult cuticle, although the insects never undergo ecdysial contractions. Since milkweed bugs are also known to be incapable of dealkylating phytosterols, and makisterone A has been previously identified as the predominant ecdysteroid from embryonated eggs of this species, it is likely that makisterone A is the molting hormone of 0. fasciatus or is closer to the structure of the indigenous hormone than is 20-hydroxyecdysone. 1 The a-configuration corresponds to the stereochemistry of the C-24 methyl group in carnpesterol.