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Papers by Alemayehu Teklemariam (PhD)
International Practices in Special Education
Ethiopian journal of development research, 2018
The purpose of the present study was to explore the state of practices of disability-inclusive de... more The purpose of the present study was to explore the state of practices of disability-inclusive development at Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and Disabled People Organizations (DPOs) in Addis Ababa. Qualitative case study design was employed to conduct the study. Ten CSOs and five DPOs were purposively selected for the study. They were selected due to their purported inclusive programs of social developments. All the sampled participants from the CSOs and four of the five DPOs participated in the study with detailed information about the practice of disability-inclusive development. The major result of the study revealed the prevalence of misunderstanding of disability and disability-inclusive development trends within CSOs. This was manifested by the poor status of CSOs’ development programs. Policies and strategies were generic, exclusive of people with disability and the attempt at inclusive development was very discouraging. Such misunderstanding created lack of accessibility and service provisions for persons with disabilities. The CSOs did not create available partners with NGOs and Governmental Organizations for the move towards disability-inclusive development. The results also revealed that the central challenges for all people with disabilities were the existence of barriers in their environment. Among these attitudinal barriers was the one which created individual and institutional barriers in the move towards disability inclusive development. The participation of CSOs in disability inclusive development was not encouraging in addressing these barriers. None of the CSOs developed policy, specific strategy, plan, implementation guideline; neither did any of them allocate budget to move towards disability-inclusive development. Organizations are expected to include disability in their development endeavors, so that inclusive society can be created. Keywords: Disability, inclusive, development, civil society, disability organizatio
I.E.R. Flambeau, 2009
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of school-based intervention on grad... more The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of school-based intervention on grade one children. This study tested the hypothesis that children receiving teacher-mediated-intervention with Mediated Learning Experiences (MLE) would make significant progress in the major variables of this study. The participants of this study comprised 200 children, 100 from each of the two schools. The two schools were purposefully selected from among government schools that enroll children with low socio-economic status (deprived), making the sample linguistically and culturally homogeneous. The instruments used for assessment include audiometric hearing test, sound level meter, Self-Concept Scale, Motivation Scale, the Burks Behavior Rating Scale, and the language and academic tests. Socioeconomic status, hearing level, school acoustic conditions and teachers‟ professional competence were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as qualitatively. This article summarizes a docto...
I.E.R. Flambeau, 2008
Special need education is one of the means to achieve Universal Primary Education and Millennium ... more Special need education is one of the means to achieve Universal Primary Education and Millennium Development Goals. Creating access and enhancing quality education is an unanswered question for all people, children with disabilities and special needs in Ethiopia that need to be quickly responded. Of course, responding to the needs of children with disabilities requires social and political decisions. Eearlier and even nowadays, disability seems to be understood by many people as a purely medical issue rather than social and political one. This condition may lead to critical questioning of medical interventions which attempts to cure impairments or to restore "normal" bodily functioning, rather than providing social services, for incurable conditions. Social and political solutions are sought to challenge disability discrimination. One of the social and political solutions is access to school and the provisions of education for people with disabilities and special needs acc...
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of school-based intervention on grad... more The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of school-based intervention on grade one children’s self concept. This study tested the hypothesis that hearing and hard-of-hearing children receiving teacher-mediated-intervention would make significant progress in their self-concept. The participants of this study were 200 children - equally distributed for experimental and control group and matched. Two government schools, where children with low socio-economic status, culturally and linguistically homogenous enrolled, were purposefully selected for quasi-experiment. The instruments used for assessment included audiometric hearing test and Self-Concept Scale. A two-way repeated measure ANOVA was used to measure the controlled effects. The relationship between hearing level and self-concept was measured for this major dependent variable. The results of this study showed that many of the children in the sample in this study suffered from unilateral and bilateral borderli...
Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review, 2019
Abstract:This study explores the effects of congenitally profound deafness on language and cognit... more Abstract:This study explores the effects of congenitally profound deafness on language and cognitive development of deaf students in primary schools, in Addis Ababa. A qualitative case study design was used to investigate the problem by selecting four deaf students, their mothers and two teachers using purposive sampling. Interview was employed as the main instrument for collecting data from participants of the study and observation and focus group discussion were used to supplement data obtained through interviews. Data were analysed using themes and narrations. The outcomes of the study suggest that the language and cognitive development of deaf students were significantly limited due mainly to the inadequacy of the socio-linguistic environment provided for them. It is, therefore, essential to understand deaf students properly and help parents, school administration and teachers to provide the environment suitable for them to obtain better education.
Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review, 2016
The study explores classroom communication, mainly between subject hearing teachers and deaf stud... more The study explores classroom communication, mainly between subject hearing teachers and deaf students through interpreters in a preparatory school. Case study research design was used to explore the problems in depth. The participants of the study consist of ten Grade 11 deaf students three subject teachers and two interpreters at Menilik II Preparatory School. Data were collected through interviews, focus group discussion, and observation. Interview was conducted with the subject teachers, deaf students and interpreters. In addition, focus group discussion was conducted for eight sampled deaf students. The data was analysed by narrating, quoting as the participants stated in their own words. The result from the focus group discussion and observation revealed that the communication between the teachers, interpreters and deaf students is not satisfactory to induce efficient understanding of the subject matter. The number of sign words to teach the regular curriculum, the level of training of interpreters to carry out their job, the teachers’ awareness about the problems and their attempt to mediate were not successful to the level expected. Furthermore, the result revealed that the sampled deaf students scored the lowest marks in their study of various subjects, compared to hearing students of the same class. In general, the interpretation service that is appropriate for educational provision for deaf students at Menilik II Preparatory School was inadequate when seen in light of inclusive education.
William James in Attwater (1990, p. 163) said, “Whenever two people meet, there are really six pe... more William James in Attwater (1990, p. 163) said, “Whenever two people meet, there are really six people present. There is each person as he sees himself, each person as the other person sees him, and each person as he really is." Is it then at all possible to discover the person in each of us? Is this a myth or a reality? To me and to a scientific realist, we have hidden ourselves in the layers of our public, private and ideal selves that our unique essence, the core of ourselves, a true but unobservable mind independent entities. Adding to this, Gross (1992), believes that we have special relationship with ourselves, which is invisible to others, unless we ourselves expose and make it known, manifested. We are both subject and object. We are selfconscious or self-aware. In line with this, Gross (1992, p.607) mentioned, "... The same person, the same self, is subject and object, knower and known, thinker and thought about, seer and seen,” that can be empirically studied, exp...
Pollination of lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) by the honeybee was studied in Israel's two commer... more Pollination of lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) by the honeybee was studied in Israel's two commercial cultivars, 'Mauritius' and 'Floridian'. Pollination rate, which was determined in a mixed 'Mauritius' and 'Floridian' plot, followed a consistent pattern: it was low at the first male (M,) 'Mauritius' bloom and reached a high value only when the pseudohermaphroditic (M 2) 'Mauritius' bloom started. Pollen density on bees collected from 'Mauritius' inflorescences was very low during the M, bloom and increased to very high values during the M 2 bloom. These results indicate that the 'Mauritius' M, bloom does not play an important role as a source of pollen for pollination. Pronounced, significant, and consistent differences in nectar volume per flower and sugar concentration in the nectar were found between M 1 , M 2 , and female (F) 'Mauritius' flowers. Values were very high in F flowers, medium in M 2 flowers, and low in M, flowers. Accordingly, the density of bees found on inflorescences was high during the F bloom, intermediate during the M 2 bloom, and low during the M 1 bloom. The positive correlation between bee density and sugar concentration in the nectar was highly significant for M 2 and F 'Mauritius' flowers. The nectar contained three sugars: glucose (43%), fructose (39%), and sucrose (18 %). This ratio was the same in nectar from M 1 , M 2 , and F 'Mauritius' flowers.
International Practices in Special Education
Ethiopian journal of development research, 2018
The purpose of the present study was to explore the state of practices of disability-inclusive de... more The purpose of the present study was to explore the state of practices of disability-inclusive development at Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and Disabled People Organizations (DPOs) in Addis Ababa. Qualitative case study design was employed to conduct the study. Ten CSOs and five DPOs were purposively selected for the study. They were selected due to their purported inclusive programs of social developments. All the sampled participants from the CSOs and four of the five DPOs participated in the study with detailed information about the practice of disability-inclusive development. The major result of the study revealed the prevalence of misunderstanding of disability and disability-inclusive development trends within CSOs. This was manifested by the poor status of CSOs’ development programs. Policies and strategies were generic, exclusive of people with disability and the attempt at inclusive development was very discouraging. Such misunderstanding created lack of accessibility and service provisions for persons with disabilities. The CSOs did not create available partners with NGOs and Governmental Organizations for the move towards disability-inclusive development. The results also revealed that the central challenges for all people with disabilities were the existence of barriers in their environment. Among these attitudinal barriers was the one which created individual and institutional barriers in the move towards disability inclusive development. The participation of CSOs in disability inclusive development was not encouraging in addressing these barriers. None of the CSOs developed policy, specific strategy, plan, implementation guideline; neither did any of them allocate budget to move towards disability-inclusive development. Organizations are expected to include disability in their development endeavors, so that inclusive society can be created. Keywords: Disability, inclusive, development, civil society, disability organizatio
I.E.R. Flambeau, 2009
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of school-based intervention on grad... more The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of school-based intervention on grade one children. This study tested the hypothesis that children receiving teacher-mediated-intervention with Mediated Learning Experiences (MLE) would make significant progress in the major variables of this study. The participants of this study comprised 200 children, 100 from each of the two schools. The two schools were purposefully selected from among government schools that enroll children with low socio-economic status (deprived), making the sample linguistically and culturally homogeneous. The instruments used for assessment include audiometric hearing test, sound level meter, Self-Concept Scale, Motivation Scale, the Burks Behavior Rating Scale, and the language and academic tests. Socioeconomic status, hearing level, school acoustic conditions and teachers‟ professional competence were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as qualitatively. This article summarizes a docto...
I.E.R. Flambeau, 2008
Special need education is one of the means to achieve Universal Primary Education and Millennium ... more Special need education is one of the means to achieve Universal Primary Education and Millennium Development Goals. Creating access and enhancing quality education is an unanswered question for all people, children with disabilities and special needs in Ethiopia that need to be quickly responded. Of course, responding to the needs of children with disabilities requires social and political decisions. Eearlier and even nowadays, disability seems to be understood by many people as a purely medical issue rather than social and political one. This condition may lead to critical questioning of medical interventions which attempts to cure impairments or to restore "normal" bodily functioning, rather than providing social services, for incurable conditions. Social and political solutions are sought to challenge disability discrimination. One of the social and political solutions is access to school and the provisions of education for people with disabilities and special needs acc...
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of school-based intervention on grad... more The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of school-based intervention on grade one children’s self concept. This study tested the hypothesis that hearing and hard-of-hearing children receiving teacher-mediated-intervention would make significant progress in their self-concept. The participants of this study were 200 children - equally distributed for experimental and control group and matched. Two government schools, where children with low socio-economic status, culturally and linguistically homogenous enrolled, were purposefully selected for quasi-experiment. The instruments used for assessment included audiometric hearing test and Self-Concept Scale. A two-way repeated measure ANOVA was used to measure the controlled effects. The relationship between hearing level and self-concept was measured for this major dependent variable. The results of this study showed that many of the children in the sample in this study suffered from unilateral and bilateral borderli...
Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review, 2019
Abstract:This study explores the effects of congenitally profound deafness on language and cognit... more Abstract:This study explores the effects of congenitally profound deafness on language and cognitive development of deaf students in primary schools, in Addis Ababa. A qualitative case study design was used to investigate the problem by selecting four deaf students, their mothers and two teachers using purposive sampling. Interview was employed as the main instrument for collecting data from participants of the study and observation and focus group discussion were used to supplement data obtained through interviews. Data were analysed using themes and narrations. The outcomes of the study suggest that the language and cognitive development of deaf students were significantly limited due mainly to the inadequacy of the socio-linguistic environment provided for them. It is, therefore, essential to understand deaf students properly and help parents, school administration and teachers to provide the environment suitable for them to obtain better education.
Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review, 2016
The study explores classroom communication, mainly between subject hearing teachers and deaf stud... more The study explores classroom communication, mainly between subject hearing teachers and deaf students through interpreters in a preparatory school. Case study research design was used to explore the problems in depth. The participants of the study consist of ten Grade 11 deaf students three subject teachers and two interpreters at Menilik II Preparatory School. Data were collected through interviews, focus group discussion, and observation. Interview was conducted with the subject teachers, deaf students and interpreters. In addition, focus group discussion was conducted for eight sampled deaf students. The data was analysed by narrating, quoting as the participants stated in their own words. The result from the focus group discussion and observation revealed that the communication between the teachers, interpreters and deaf students is not satisfactory to induce efficient understanding of the subject matter. The number of sign words to teach the regular curriculum, the level of training of interpreters to carry out their job, the teachers’ awareness about the problems and their attempt to mediate were not successful to the level expected. Furthermore, the result revealed that the sampled deaf students scored the lowest marks in their study of various subjects, compared to hearing students of the same class. In general, the interpretation service that is appropriate for educational provision for deaf students at Menilik II Preparatory School was inadequate when seen in light of inclusive education.
William James in Attwater (1990, p. 163) said, “Whenever two people meet, there are really six pe... more William James in Attwater (1990, p. 163) said, “Whenever two people meet, there are really six people present. There is each person as he sees himself, each person as the other person sees him, and each person as he really is." Is it then at all possible to discover the person in each of us? Is this a myth or a reality? To me and to a scientific realist, we have hidden ourselves in the layers of our public, private and ideal selves that our unique essence, the core of ourselves, a true but unobservable mind independent entities. Adding to this, Gross (1992), believes that we have special relationship with ourselves, which is invisible to others, unless we ourselves expose and make it known, manifested. We are both subject and object. We are selfconscious or self-aware. In line with this, Gross (1992, p.607) mentioned, "... The same person, the same self, is subject and object, knower and known, thinker and thought about, seer and seen,” that can be empirically studied, exp...
Pollination of lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) by the honeybee was studied in Israel's two commer... more Pollination of lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) by the honeybee was studied in Israel's two commercial cultivars, 'Mauritius' and 'Floridian'. Pollination rate, which was determined in a mixed 'Mauritius' and 'Floridian' plot, followed a consistent pattern: it was low at the first male (M,) 'Mauritius' bloom and reached a high value only when the pseudohermaphroditic (M 2) 'Mauritius' bloom started. Pollen density on bees collected from 'Mauritius' inflorescences was very low during the M, bloom and increased to very high values during the M 2 bloom. These results indicate that the 'Mauritius' M, bloom does not play an important role as a source of pollen for pollination. Pronounced, significant, and consistent differences in nectar volume per flower and sugar concentration in the nectar were found between M 1 , M 2 , and female (F) 'Mauritius' flowers. Values were very high in F flowers, medium in M 2 flowers, and low in M, flowers. Accordingly, the density of bees found on inflorescences was high during the F bloom, intermediate during the M 2 bloom, and low during the M 1 bloom. The positive correlation between bee density and sugar concentration in the nectar was highly significant for M 2 and F 'Mauritius' flowers. The nectar contained three sugars: glucose (43%), fructose (39%), and sucrose (18 %). This ratio was the same in nectar from M 1 , M 2 , and F 'Mauritius' flowers.