Alemka Markotić - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Alemka Markotić

Leptospiroza i hemoragijska vrućica s bubrežnim sindromom (HVBS) su zoonoze rasprostranjene širom... more Leptospiroza i hemoragijska vrućica s bubrežnim sindromom (HVBS) su zoonoze rasprostranjene širom svijeta te je gotovo cijela Hrvatska, osim otoka i priobalja, endemsko područje za obje bolesti. Cilj našeg istraživanja bio je prikazati dolazi li pri akutnoj infekciji leptospirama do izlučivanja interleukina-8 (IL-8), monocitnog kemotaktičnog proteina-1 (MCP-1) i interleukina-10 (IL-10) te postoji li razlika u dinamici njihovog izlučivanja tijekom razvoja bolesti. Ujedno smo planirali prikazati dolazi li do izlučivanja ovih citokina u bolesnika s dokazanim akutnim HVBS-om te postoji li razlika u njihovoj razini u odnosu na bolesnike s leptospirozom. Razine IL-8 i MCP-1 su bile statistički značajno povišene u bolesnika s leptospirozom u odnosu na zdrave kontrole, a razina im se održavala u istim granicama tijekom cijelog trajanja bolesti. Razine IL-8 i MCP-1 su bile povišene i u bolesnika s HVBS-om, međutim nije bilo značajnih razlika u razini testiranih citokina između bolesnika s le...

Akutne respiratorne infekcije najčešće su infektivne bolesti i razlog najčešćih posjeta ordinacij... more Akutne respiratorne infekcije najčešće su infektivne bolesti i razlog najčešćih posjeta ordinacijama opće prakse. Za azitromicin je poznato da ima širok spektar djelovanja na većinu uzročnika pneumonija uključujući gram-pozitivne, gram-negativne i atipične mikroorganizme s dobrom kliničkom učinkovitosti pri peroralnoj primjeni, što omogućava ambulantno liječenje bolesnika mlađih od 65 godina bez kroničnih bolesti. Danas je poznato da azitromicin osim antimikrobnog ima i znatno imunomodulatorno i u okviru toga protuupalno djelovanje. Ovdje ce biti prikazano u prvom redu potencijalno protuupalno djelovanje azitromicina u infekcijama respiratornog trakta.Acute respiratory infections are the most common infectious diseases and the most common reason for visiting a general practitioner clinic. Azithromycin is known to have a broad spectrum of action against most causes of pneumonia, including Gram-positive, Gram-negative and atypical microorganisms. Its clinical efficacy in oral administ...

Hemoragijska vrućica s bubrežnim sindromom (HVBS) i leptospiroza su zoonoze i važne javno-zdravst... more Hemoragijska vrućica s bubrežnim sindromom (HVBS) i leptospiroza su zoonoze i važne javno-zdravstvene zarazne bolesti. Još uvijek postoje brojni dijagnostički problemi u diferencijaciji HVBS-a i leptospiroze, kako na kliničkoj, tako i laboratorijskoj razini, osobito na samom početku bolesti kada su kliničke slike gotovo identične, a u rutinskim dijagnostičkim testovima za specifično dokazivanje ovih patogena također povremeno dolazi do pojave nespecifičnih reakcija. Unutar T-limfocitne populacije, našli smo statistički značajan porast (p = 0,001) postotka ukupno aktiviranih T-limfocita (TCR+HLA-DR+) u bolesnika s HVBS-om u usporedbi s bolesnicima s leptospirozom ili kontrolnom skupinom. Daljnjom analizom ranih aktivacijskih biljega na T-limfocitnoj subpopulaciji nalazimo značajan porast postotka (p = 0,003) aktiviranih citotoksičnih (CD8+CD71+), kao i postotka (p = 0,005) pomoćničkih (CD4+CD25+) limfocita u bolesnika s HVBS-om u odnosu na bolesnike s leptospirozom ili kontrolnu skup...

Ovaj broj Infektolo{kog glasnika posve}en je tematici "Jedno zdravlje" ("One Health Initiative").... more Ovaj broj Infektolo{kog glasnika posve}en je tematici "Jedno zdravlje" ("One Health Initiative"). Ova inicijativa koja je posljednjih godina ponovno dobila na svojoj va`nosti u stvari ima duboke korijene u praksi hrvatskih stru~njaka koji se bave zaraznim bolestima u prvom redu zoonozama, a svoj osvrt o ovoj inicijativi kao gosti urednici dali su njezini uva`eni ~lanovi (Conti L. i Rabinowitz P. s presti`nih institucija u Sjedinjenim Ameri~kim Dr`avama). Jedno zdravlje pretpostavlja interdisciplinarni pristup lije~enju i sprjeavanju zoonoza s intencijom uske suradnje lije~nika i veterinara te drugih struka koje svojim djelovanjem mogu sudjelovati u unaprje|enju zdravlja ljudi i `ivotinja i sprje~avanju {irenja zoonoza. U Hrvatskoj je godinama postojala izvrsna praksa zajedni~ke suradnje razli~itih struka, a u prvom redu lije~nika i veterinara u dijagnostici i sprje~avanju zoonoza. Uzro~nici novih zoonoza sve ~e{}e preska~u zapreke me|u vrstama (`ivotinje-ljudi) i postaju rastu}i zdravstveni problem {irom svijeta, te se ponekad gotovo nemogu}im ~ini njihovo predvi|anje i u~inkovita prevencija. Nemogu}e je predvidjeti kada i gdje }e se pojaviti novi uzro~nik zoonoza koji }e se nametnuti svojom va`no{}u. Nije pravo pitanje 'ho}e li' nego 'kada }e' nas iznenaditi neka nova zoonoza, mogu}e i epidemijskih razmjera. Porastu incidencije novih (emergentnih) bolesti pogodovalo je vi{e ~imbenika, kao {to su: ekolo{ke promjene, globalizacija, migracije, porast svjetske populacije, promjene u virulenciji uzro~nika, te promjene u socijalnom pona{anju ljudi. Porast emergentnih infekcija o~ekuje se i u budu}nosti kao i njihovo brzo zemljopisno {irenje. Pogre{no se vjerovalo da su emergentne zarazne bolesti stavljene pod kontrolu ili eliminirane. One danas mijenjaju svoju epidemiologiju, ovisno o otkrivanju njihovih uzro~nika, rezervoara i vektora, postaju sve rasprostranjenije i otpornije na klasi~ne oblike lije~enja, a prognozu im pogor{ava porast broja imunokompromitiranih ljudi. Jasno je da }e ove bolesti u budu}nosti i dalje predstavljati izazov pred lije~nike, veterinare i srodne struke, a interdisciplinarni pristup rje{avanju ovih bolesti koje nudi inicijativa "Jedno zdravlje" mo`e bitno pomo}i za uspjeh u borbi protiv ovih nerijetko opasnih uzro~nika.

Šumarski list, 2018

Francisella tularensisis uzročnik je zoonoze tularemije, koja ima široki raspon domaćina, uključu... more Francisella tularensisis uzročnik je zoonoze tularemije, koja ima široki raspon domaćina, uključujući člankonošce, sisavce i ptice. Dvije podvrste F. tularensis, subsp. tularensis (Tip A) i subsp. holartica (Tip B), opisane su kao najčešći uzročnici bolesti u ljudi (Kingry and Petersen, 2014; Kuehn et al., 2013). Tip A i Tip B razlikuju se po svojim biokemijskim značajkama, patogenosti, ekologiji, epidemiologiji te geografskoj rasprostranjenosti. Rasprostranjenost Tipa A uglavnom je ograničena na sjevernoamerički kontinent, za razliku od Tipa B, koji se javlja duž cijele sjeverne polutke, a ujedno je i najčešći uzročnik tularemije u Europi(Keim et al., 2007; Kuehn et al., 2013). No ekologija i kruženje ove bakterije u prirodi do danas još nisu u potpunosti razjašnjeni. Različiti glodavci (voluharice, miševi, tekunice, bizantski štakori, dabrovi) te dvojezupci (kunić i zec) opisani su kao mogući rezervoari F.tularensis. Zadnja epidemiološka i epizootiološka istraživanja tularemije u ...

The Medicus, 2016

Pneumonije / Pneumonia Uvod Pneumonija je najvažnija upalna bolest u dišnom sustavu iako sudjeluj... more Pneumonije / Pneumonia Uvod Pneumonija je najvažnija upalna bolest u dišnom sustavu iako sudjeluje samo jednim postotkom u svim akutnim infekcijama dišnog sustava. Ima veliko povijesno značenje jer je u predantibiotskoj eri bila glavni uzrok smrtnosti u ljudi (1-3). Prema mjestu nastanka, pneumonije dijelimo na one koje nastaju u općoj populaciji i one koje nastaju u bolničkoj sredini. Ako su uzrokovane izravnom infekcijom različitim mikroorganizmima, nazivamo ih primarnim pneumonijama, dok su sekundarne pneumonije one koje nastaju zbog drugih patoloških procesa na plućima koji pogoduju infekcijama kao npr.: bronhiektazije, opstrukcija, aspiracija i sl. (2, 3). U kliničkoj podjeli pneumonija baziranoj na etiologiji dijelimo ih na bakterijske (alveolarne) i atipične (intersticijske) pneumonije. Ova vrsta podjele pneumonija ima praktičnu važnost zbog različitoga terapijskog pristupa njihovu liječenju. Brojni mikroorganizmi mogu uzrokovati infekcije respiratornog sustava pa tako i pneumonije: bakterije, virusi, gljive. Nerijetko pneumonije uzrokuju i mikoplazme, klamidije, rikecije, mikobakterije i paraziti. Najčešći uzročnici bakterijskih infekcija jesu: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Hemophilus infl uenzae, anaerobne bakterije (npr. Bacteroides spp., Peptococcus sp. i dr.), Enterobacteriaceae (npr. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia i dr.), zatim Pseudomonas aeruginosa i Legionella pneumophila, p Imunopatogeneza pneumonija Immunopathogenesis of Pneumonia ALEMKA MARKOTIĆ Znanstvena jedinica, Klinika za infektivne bolesti "Dr. Fran Mihaljević", Zagreb, Mirogojska 8 SAŽETAK Pneumonija je najvažnija upalna bolest u dišnom sustavu iako sudjeluje samo jednim postotkom u svim akutnim infekcijama dišnog sustava. Kao i u većini drugih organa i sustava organa, imunosni obrambeni mehanizmi u plućima baziraju se na mehanizmima specifi čne i nespecifi čne imunosti i njihovim komponentama koje uključuju anatomske barijere te staničnu i humoralnu imunost. Prvu liniju obrane od infekcija donjega respiratornog sustava čine elementi nespecifi čne imunosti, među kojima najvažniju ulogu imaju epitelne stanice i makrofagi. Mehanizmi specifi čne imunosti imaju snažnu ulogu u obrani od različitih patogena, visoko su sofi sticirani i ovise o prepoznavanju specifi čnih antigena na površini mikroorganizama te tvore snažnu obranu protiv različitih patogena koji uzrokuju pneumonije. Međutim, za razliku od nespecifi čne imunosti, indukcija i razvoj imunoreakcija koje sudjeluju u specifi čnoj imunosti mogu trajati danima i tjednima nakon ekspozicije patogenu, a važna komponenta tog procesa jest i stvaranje memorijskih stanica koje sudjeluju u snažnoj obrani pri ponovnim susretima s istim patogenima. Mehanizmi nespecifi čne i specifi čne imunosti u pneumonijama jesu kompleksni i bit će potrebna još brojna istraživanja da bi se bolje shvatili i rabili u kreiranju novih lijekova i cjepiva te bolje primijenili u uporabi postojećih lijekova. Osim važnog antimikrobnog djelovanja antibiotika ne smijemo nikako zanemariti ni njihovo protuupalno i imunomodulatorno djelovanje koje može pomoći u racionalnijem pristupu liječenju pneumonija. KLJUČNE RIJEČI: pneumonija, nespecifi čna imunost, specifi čna imunost, imunomodulatorno djelovanje antibiotika SUMMARY Pneumonia is the most important infl ammatory disease of the respiratory system, although it represents only one percent of all acute respiratory infections. As in most other organs and systems of the body, immune defence mechanisms in lungs are based on the mechanisms of specifi c and non-specifi c immunity and their components that include anatomical barriers, and cellular and humoral immunity. The fi rst line of defence against infections of the lower respiratory system consists of the elements of non-specifi c immunity, among which epithelial cells and macrophages have the most important role. The mechanisms of specifi c immunity play an important role in the defence against a variety of pathogens, they are highly sophisticated and depend on the recognition of specifi c antigens on the surface of microorganisms. They also provide a strong defence against a variety of pathogens that cause pneumonia. Unlike the nonspecifi c immunity, the induction and development of immune reactions involved in specifi c immunity can last for days and weeks after the exposure to the pathogen. An important component of this process is the creation of memory cells that participate in a strong immune defence to the reinfections with the same pathogens. The mechanisms of nonspecifi c and specifi c immunity to pneumonia are complex and will require more studies for better understanding and their use in the creation of new drugs and vaccines, as well as a better use of the existing drugs. In addition to an important antimicrobial eff ect of antibiotics, we must not disregard their anti-infl ammatory and immunomodulatory eff ects that can help us take a more rational approach to treating pneumonia.

The Medicus, 2012

Although there are numerous articles on the immune response to prostate cancer, yet very little i... more Although there are numerous articles on the immune response to prostate cancer, yet very little is known about the immunopathogenesis and inflammatory factors involved in the immune reactions in the development of chronic prostatitis syndrome. Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, notably IL-6 and CXCL8, have an important role in the development and maintenance of inflammatory processes. While there is limited research on the role of proinflam-matory cytokines and Toll-like receptors (TLR4) in the immu-nopathogenesis of chronic prostatitis syndrome, almost nothing is known about other factors (e.g. metalloproteinases) that could affect the development of chronic inflammation and consequent development of cancer. There are neither any studies to demonstrate immunomodulatory effects of antibiotics (mac-rolides, quinolones, tetracyclines) that we use in the treatment of chronic prostatitis syndrome, and we know from other studies that they may have an important immunomodulatory rol...

croatian journal of infection, 2009

Klini~ka slika HVBS-a u me|uepidemijskom razdoblju Gorana D@EPINA, dr. med. Lidija CVETKO KRAJINO... more Klini~ka slika HVBS-a u me|uepidemijskom razdoblju Gorana D@EPINA, dr. med. Lidija CVETKO KRAJINOVI], dipl. ing. biol. Alemka MARKOTI] 2) , prof. dr. sc.

eLife, 2020

Horizon scanning is intended to identify the opportunities and threats associated with technologi... more Horizon scanning is intended to identify the opportunities and threats associated with technological, regulatory and social change. In 2017 some of the present authors conducted a horizon scan for bioengineering (Wintle et al., 2017). Here we report the results of a new horizon scan that is based on inputs from a larger and more international group of 38 participants. The final list of 20 issues includes topics spanning from the political (the regulation of genomic data, increased philanthropic funding and malicious uses of neurochemicals) to the environmental (crops for changing climates and agricultural gene drives). The early identification of such issues is relevant to researchers, policy-makers and the wider public.

Journal of Global Health, 2020

Rad Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti. Medicinske znanosti, 2019

Sweet's syndrome (SS) is a rare inflammatory condition presented with fever, leukocytosis, erythe... more Sweet's syndrome (SS) is a rare inflammatory condition presented with fever, leukocytosis, erythematous, tender plaques and histology evidence of dense neutrophilic infiltration in the dermis. It appears mostly in women between age 30-60 years. Erythema nodosum (EN), a form of panniculitis, is manifested as erythematous painful rounded lumps and occurs 3-5 times more often in female patients in all age groups, but mostly between the second and the fourth decades of life. Although rare, concurrent occurrence of Sweet's syndrome and erythema nodosum is described and may be associated with autoimmune disorders, certain malignancies, gastrointestinal disease or upper respiratory tract infections. Here, we described 34-year-old saleswoman who developed concurrent Sweet's syndrome and erythema nodosum seven days after upper respiratory tract infection onset. During upper respiratory infection, she was treated with three-days azithromycin therapy, together with ibuprofen and paracetamol. Later, when she developed concurrent SS and EN, she was treated initially with clindamycin and prednisone 40 mg, followed by 60 mg of prednisone after which the patient becomes afebrile with gradual rash regression. There is limited knowledge on concurrent SS and EN, their etiopathogenesis and association with different diseases, infections and /or medications. Concurrent SS and EN in our patient was probably triggered by the upper respiratory tract infection. Although, there is no evidence that azithromycin may induce SS or EN or both, it could be considered as a possible trigger alone or together with the upper respiratory tract infection.

Rad Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti. Medicinske znanosti, 2019

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is widely distributed in Europe and caused mostly by... more Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is widely distributed in Europe and caused mostly by two different orthohantaviruses: Puumala virus (PUUV) and Dobrava virus (DOBV). Several studies have implicated that HFRS is an immunologically mediated disease and that the proinflammatory cytokines may have a role in the immunopathogenesis of HFRS. In this study, we have detected: IL-2; IL-6; their soluble receptors (sIL-2R, sIL-6R); TNF-alpha; sCD23; and total IgE in two consecutive sera of HFRS patients, and have looked for their possible relation with the main blood and biochemical findings in order to determine their possible role in disease progression. The differences in the level of measured parameters between PUUV-and DOBV-infected patients were also observed. The sIL-2R, sIL-6R and sCD23 levels were elevated in all HFRS patients, but we did not find any statistical difference between 1st and 2nd sera. The total IgE was elevated in about 1/3 of HFRS patients in both sera. We detected higher IL-6, sIL-2R and sCD23 levels in the sera of patients with DOBV infection than in patients with PUUV infection, with no statistically significant difference. The total IgE level was elevated in five of the six tested patients with DOBV infection, and they had a statistically higher level of total IgE than patients with PUUV infection. Almost all the listed biochemical and blood parameters in HFRS patients stand either in positive or in negative correlation with sIL-2Rapha. The levels of urea and creatinine, which are the hallmarks of HFRS severity, stand in positive correlation with sIL-2Rapha, IL-6, sIL-6R and sCD23. The level of the total IgE stands either in positive or in negative correlation with proteins and parameters of the liver function. We have also found a high positive correlation between the total IgE level and basophile count.

Šumarski list, 2016

Obična bukva (Fagus sylvatica L.) u Hrvatskoj ima najveći areal, najzastupljenija je vrsta na obr... more Obična bukva (Fagus sylvatica L.) u Hrvatskoj ima najveći areal, najzastupljenija je vrsta na obraslom šumskom zemljištu i pojavljuje se u velikom broju šumskih zajednica. Urod bukvice bilježi se kao bitan faktor porasta populacije sitnih glodavaca, koji su poznati prijenosnici niza zaraznih bolesti opasnih za čovjeka. Cilj ovog istraživanja je praćenje populacija sitnih glodavaca i hantavirusa u bukovim šumama. U okviru rada obavljen je izlov u periodu od 2011. do 2014. godine na ukupno 7 lovnih ploha raspoređenih na dva lokaliteta (NP Plitvička jezera i PP Medvednica). Ulovljene jedinke obrađene su na prisutnost hantavirusa. Na lovnim plohama u NP Plitvička jezera mjeren je i urod bukvice. Rezultati ovoga rada pokazali su da u bukovim šumama dominiraju žutogrli šumski miš i šumska voluharica te zajedno čine 99 % ulova. Brojnost sitnih glodavaca karakterizirale su povišene vrijednosti u 2012. godini i visoka brojnost („mišja godina“) u 2014. godini, dok je 2011. i 2013. godinu kara...

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, Jan 28, 2015

Croatia is a focus for many rodent-borne zoonosis. Here, we report a survey of 242 rodents and sm... more Croatia is a focus for many rodent-borne zoonosis. Here, we report a survey of 242 rodents and small mammals, including 43 Myodes glareolus, 131 Apodemus flavicollis, 53 Apodemus agrarius, three Apodemus sylvaticus, six Sorex araneus, four Microtus arvalis, one Microtus agrestis, and one Muscardinus avellanarius, collected at eight sites in Croatia over an 8-year period. Multiplex MassTag polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detection of Borrelia, Rickettsia, Bartonella, Babesia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Francisella tularensis, and Coxiella burnetii. Individual PCR assays were used for detection of Leptospira, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, orthopoxviruses, flaviviruses, hantaviruses, and Toxoplasma gondii. Of the rodents, 52 (21.5%) were infected with Leptospira, 9 (3.7%) with Borrelia miyamotoi, 5 (2%) with Borrelia afzelii, 29 (12.0%) with Bartonella, 8 (3.3%) with Babesia microti, 2 (0.8%) with Ehrlichia, 4 (1.7%) with Anaplasma, 2 (0.8%) with F. tularensis, 43 (17.8%)...

We determined levels of sFas (signal receptor molecule released during apoptosis in a soluble cir... more We determined levels of sFas (signal receptor molecule released during apoptosis in a soluble circulating form) and TGF-β2 (multifunctional cytokine) in patients with different zoonoses. Serum samples were obtained from patients hospitalized at the University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia with diagnoses of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome – HFRS, (n=20), leptospirosis (n=9), Lyme borreliosis (n=7), or tick-borne encephalitis – TBE (n=7). In all sera samples the levels of sFAS or TGF-β2 levels were measured using ELISAkits according to the manufacturer's protocol. Significant increase in the levels of sFas was found in all patients. However, the patients with TBE or Lyme borreliosis had significantly lower levels than patients with leptospirosis. In contrary, patients with TBE or Lyme borreliosis had significantly higher levels of TGF-β2 than healthy controls. Our preliminary data indicate that an increase of sFas and TGF-β2 levels may have a role in the ...

Infektoloski Glasnik

87 Znanstveni ~lanak Krpeljni meningoencefalitis (KME) je zoonoza od koje godi{nje oboli preko 10... more 87 Znanstveni ~lanak Krpeljni meningoencefalitis (KME) je zoonoza od koje godi{nje oboli preko 10 000 ljudi u Europi i Aziji. U nas je endemi~an u sjeverozapadnoj Hrvatskoj i Gorskom kotaru. Cilj ovog istra`ivanja bio je ispitati prevalenciju KME u {umskih radnika hrvatske srednje Posavine i anketiranjem odrediti rizi~ne ~imbenike infekcije. Specifi~na IgG protutijela protiv virusa KME testirali smo u serumima 295 {umskih radnika i 60 zdravih dobrovoljaca. Trinaest {umskih radnika (4,41 %) imalo je specifi~na IgG protutijela na virus KME, dok u kontrolnoj skupini nisu dokazana. Statisti~ki nije pokazana razlika u distribuciji frekvencija infekcije virusom KME u pojedinim {umarijama, a nisu utvr|eni ni ~imbenici rizika vjerojatno zbog malog broja pozitivnih ispitanika. Ipak, za pojedine ~imbenike s vi{im OR (od eng. odds ratio) (npr. sje~a drve}a u {umi, po{umljavanje, kontakt s divljim `ivotinjama, lov, slu`enje vojnog roka) mo`e se pretpostaviti da predstavljaju ~imbenike rizika koje treba uzeti u obzir u planiranju mjera za{tite.

West Nile encephalitis is a disease transmitted by mosquitoes and is widely distributed in the ea... more West Nile encephalitis is a disease transmitted by mosquitoes and is widely distributed in the eastern hemisphere. It is native to Africa, the Middle East, Southwest Asia, Europe and Australia. West Nile virus is known to cause an acute febrile illness with rash, poliarthropathy, lymphadenopathy and encephalitis sometimes accompanied by inflammation of the liver or pancreas. Infection of humans is usually subclinical. Twice as frequent are subclinical versus clinical manifestations, and meningoencephalitis occurs in only 0.7 % infected people. The greatest risk factor for severe neurological problems and death is older age (over 70 years) and immunocompromised state. The virus normally circulates between mosquitoes and migratory birds, and is accidentally transferred to humans and horses. Occasionally or seasonally, the disease can occur in an epidemic form outside its natural foci, and the agent then crosses intercontinental barriers by routes of migratory birds and/or vector mosqu...

Veterinaria italiana

Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases create constant and serious concerns for public heal... more Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases create constant and serious concerns for public health. The majority of emerging infectious diseases (EID) are wildlife zoonotic diseases and vector-borne diseases. Croatia has a long tradition in the control, management and research of EID zoonotic diseases and vector-borne diseases. There has also been a long and advantageous tradition in the collaboration of different experts and professionals in EID research in Croatia involving physician clinicians in infectious diseases, microbiologists, pathologists, veterinarians and animal scientists, ecologists, forestry experts, wildlife scientists, public health specialists and epidemiologists and laboratory scientists. The University Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Zagreb established the Centre for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in liaison with national and international partners from Europe and the United States. This Centre is working in line with the 'One Health initi...

Šumarski list, 2018

The Medicus, 2016

The Medicus, 2012

croatian journal of infection, 2009

eLife, 2020

Journal of Global Health, 2020

Rad Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti. Medicinske znanosti, 2019

Šumarski list, 2016

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, Jan 28, 2015

Infektoloski Glasnik

Veterinaria italiana