Alena Zemplinerova - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
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Papers by Alena Zemplinerova
Social Science Research Network, 2013
ABSTRACT The objective of the paper is to asses the role of foreign enterprises in the Czech econ... more ABSTRACT The objective of the paper is to asses the role of foreign enterprises in the Czech economy and to compare the performance and structure of foreign and domestic firms. The analysis is based on the firm-level data during 2002-2007. It shows that role of foreign enterprises in the Czech economy has been growing however with different intensity as for sectors. Foreign firms have on average higher productivity than domestic firms across all sectors of the economy. The results indicate significant differences in allocation patterns between domestic and foreign firms. While domestic firms are mainly represented in marketing driven industries and in mainstream manufacturing industries, foreign enterprises are strongly represented in and capital intensive industries high-tech industries. The share of foreign firms in labor intensive industries is decreasing over time.
Eastern European Economics, Mar 1, 1995
Politicka Ekonomie, Dec 1, 2010
Czech Journal of Economics and Finance, 1999
vývoz-dovoz, tržní koncentrace, faktorová nároènost, pøímé zahranièní investice
Eastern European Economics, Mar 1, 2012
In this paper, the trends and the geographic and sectoral structure of Czech outward foreign dire... more In this paper, the trends and the geographic and sectoral structure of Czech outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) are analyzed. OFDI flows out of the Czech Republic accelerated in 2009 and 2010, and OFDI stock reached EUR 11 billion. The sectoral breakdown of OFDI broadened to include energy and services, in addition to manufacturing and sales activities. Geographically, domestic investors maintained their traditional link with neighboring Slovakia and invested in countries with a favorable business environment, but they also focused on countries with a large market potential. To date, the largest OFDI has been the investment of Zentiva in 2007 in the Turkish pharmaceutical company Eczacibaşi Generic Pharmaceuticals. Zentiva paid about EUR 460 million for 75 percent of the shares of the Turkish company. The second-largest investment in the history of Czech OFDI was made by Czech energy company CEZ, which invested about EUR 270 million in two Polish power stations. These cases are described in more detail in the second part of the paper, along with the OFDI of Škoda Auto car factory, the most important manufacturing firm in the Czech Republic.
Politicka Ekonomie, 2006
The aim of the article is to describe theoretical concepts related to the effects of state subsid... more The aim of the article is to describe theoretical concepts related to the effects of state subsidies on enterprises and to discuss the magnitude and effect of state aid on enterprises during the transformation of the Czech economy. Subsidies to enterprises during transformation were high, often transparent, and above the European Union average. During 1997-2003 registered state aid reached 362 bn. CZK. More than 90 percent of the total registered state aid went to awards the rescue and restructuring of enterprises. It can be roughly estimated that during 1997-2000 state aid was twice as high as officially registered. Share of state aid to enterprises in public debt increased and reached 70 percent by 2003. Non-transparent channels of state aid distribution decrease the efficiency of state aid, as they distort market signals and decrease motivation for fair competition.
Politicka Ekonomie, Feb 1, 2004
Prague Economic Papers, 1998
Social Science Research Network, 1994
Transfer, Aug 1, 2004
The author has analysed the phenomenon of ‘self-regulation’ by establishing corporate codes as an... more The author has analysed the phenomenon of ‘self-regulation’ by establishing corporate codes as an aspect of ‘enforcement and implementation’ of human rights obligations through non-judicial supervision. The approach is awkward. Self-regulation is not about enforcement, but rather about the creation of legal norms. She argues that most codes are restricted to corporations producing consumer products, acting under public pressure. The effectiveness of codes of conduct for industries unaffected by public pressure is doubtful.
Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks, 2003
The politicians’ decisions on privatisation in terms of selection of privatisation method, extent... more The politicians’ decisions on privatisation in terms of selection of privatisation method, extent, and timing are influenced by the macro-economic situation. In the Czech Republic, initial macroeconomic conditions at the start of transition were good when compared to conditions in other transition countries and provided a broader scope of privatisation decisions. Privatisation was expected to improve the performance of enterprises. Contrary to these expectations, following the completion of the privatisation programme during 1991–95, the Czech economy experienced a recession during 1997–99. The economic recession revealed the weaknesses of privatisation — inappropriate legal institutions, lack of systematic restructuring of large firms. Worsening of the macroeconomic situation in turn accelerated the delayed privatisation of residual state stakes in banks and network industries to strategic foreign investors during 1999–2002.
![Research paper thumbnail of Státní podpora podniků a konkurenceschopnost odvětví [Competitiveness and state aid to enterprises]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113178423/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Politicka Ekonomie, 1999
N/A
Politicka Ekonomie, Apr 1, 2008
Politicka Ekonomie, Apr 1, 2006
Prague Economic Papers, 2005
This monograph presents results of empirical research based on the analysis of firm data and atte... more This monograph presents results of empirical research based on the analysis of firm data and attempts to provide some background for the ongoing debate on the reform of competition policy.
Politicka Ekonomie, 2004
This study provides information on trends and role of the Czech outward foreign direct investment... more This study provides information on trends and role of the Czech outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and evaluates the effects of the OFDI on parent companies. The analysis of trends is based on Czech National Bank data; the effects are evaluated through a unique set of data gathered through a sample survey. The stock of OFDI has grown slowly but steadily between 1993 and 2002. To date, about 80 per cent of OFDI is located in services and about 40 per cent in Central and East European countries (CEECs). The nature of OFDI in the EU is trade facilitating while the nature of OFDI in CEECs is tilted toward manufacturing. Much OFDI aims at avoiding a specific regulation in the home country or takes advantage of financial incentives in host countries. Our results indicate that OFDI is often related to parent company restructuring and is a precondition for maintenance and improvement of competitiveness.
This report has been prepared in the framework of the project “Transfer of know-how to small and ... more This report has been prepared in the framework of the project “Transfer of know-how to small and mid-size businesses” of the International Visegrad Fund (IVF) and USAID. It summarizes the conditions of the SME sector (small and medium size enterprises) in Georgia, identifies the main problems in their development and provides recommendations for further interventions based on the Czech experience, existing literature and a survey implemented among SME stakeholders.Georgia generally receives favorable evaluations of its business environment. It ranks high in indices of economic freedom and is among the top countries with respect to ease of starting and doing business. On the other hand, the SME sector suffers from several problems. The most serious obstacle to SME development seems to be in the area of finance; access to finance is difficult for SMEs and the cost of credit is high. Human capital and innovations are among the weak points of Georgian SMEs as well.The different shortcomings of the environment and markets call for different interventions. The paper is roadmap of concrete activities – it contains a set of recommendations to support SMEs development drawn on three different sources: first, the theoretical foundations of entrepreneurship policy, second, the Czech experience and know-how in the SME sector, and finally, the ideas of local experts and stakeholders generated during interviews and workshops.Activities and recommendations have been divided into “generic,” which relate to a particular determinant of business environment and have an impact across industries and sectors such as access to financing, education, developing skills training, R&D, innovation, export strategy, start-ups, and those which are “sector-specific,” such as banking, health and agriculture. Political stability, the main problem in Georgia, is beyond the scope of possible interventions.
Social Science Research Network, 2013
ABSTRACT The objective of the paper is to asses the role of foreign enterprises in the Czech econ... more ABSTRACT The objective of the paper is to asses the role of foreign enterprises in the Czech economy and to compare the performance and structure of foreign and domestic firms. The analysis is based on the firm-level data during 2002-2007. It shows that role of foreign enterprises in the Czech economy has been growing however with different intensity as for sectors. Foreign firms have on average higher productivity than domestic firms across all sectors of the economy. The results indicate significant differences in allocation patterns between domestic and foreign firms. While domestic firms are mainly represented in marketing driven industries and in mainstream manufacturing industries, foreign enterprises are strongly represented in and capital intensive industries high-tech industries. The share of foreign firms in labor intensive industries is decreasing over time.
Eastern European Economics, Mar 1, 1995
Politicka Ekonomie, Dec 1, 2010
Czech Journal of Economics and Finance, 1999
vývoz-dovoz, tržní koncentrace, faktorová nároènost, pøímé zahranièní investice
Eastern European Economics, Mar 1, 2012
In this paper, the trends and the geographic and sectoral structure of Czech outward foreign dire... more In this paper, the trends and the geographic and sectoral structure of Czech outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) are analyzed. OFDI flows out of the Czech Republic accelerated in 2009 and 2010, and OFDI stock reached EUR 11 billion. The sectoral breakdown of OFDI broadened to include energy and services, in addition to manufacturing and sales activities. Geographically, domestic investors maintained their traditional link with neighboring Slovakia and invested in countries with a favorable business environment, but they also focused on countries with a large market potential. To date, the largest OFDI has been the investment of Zentiva in 2007 in the Turkish pharmaceutical company Eczacibaşi Generic Pharmaceuticals. Zentiva paid about EUR 460 million for 75 percent of the shares of the Turkish company. The second-largest investment in the history of Czech OFDI was made by Czech energy company CEZ, which invested about EUR 270 million in two Polish power stations. These cases are described in more detail in the second part of the paper, along with the OFDI of Škoda Auto car factory, the most important manufacturing firm in the Czech Republic.
Politicka Ekonomie, 2006
The aim of the article is to describe theoretical concepts related to the effects of state subsid... more The aim of the article is to describe theoretical concepts related to the effects of state subsidies on enterprises and to discuss the magnitude and effect of state aid on enterprises during the transformation of the Czech economy. Subsidies to enterprises during transformation were high, often transparent, and above the European Union average. During 1997-2003 registered state aid reached 362 bn. CZK. More than 90 percent of the total registered state aid went to awards the rescue and restructuring of enterprises. It can be roughly estimated that during 1997-2000 state aid was twice as high as officially registered. Share of state aid to enterprises in public debt increased and reached 70 percent by 2003. Non-transparent channels of state aid distribution decrease the efficiency of state aid, as they distort market signals and decrease motivation for fair competition.
Politicka Ekonomie, Feb 1, 2004
Prague Economic Papers, 1998
Social Science Research Network, 1994
Transfer, Aug 1, 2004
The author has analysed the phenomenon of ‘self-regulation’ by establishing corporate codes as an... more The author has analysed the phenomenon of ‘self-regulation’ by establishing corporate codes as an aspect of ‘enforcement and implementation’ of human rights obligations through non-judicial supervision. The approach is awkward. Self-regulation is not about enforcement, but rather about the creation of legal norms. She argues that most codes are restricted to corporations producing consumer products, acting under public pressure. The effectiveness of codes of conduct for industries unaffected by public pressure is doubtful.
Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks, 2003
The politicians’ decisions on privatisation in terms of selection of privatisation method, extent... more The politicians’ decisions on privatisation in terms of selection of privatisation method, extent, and timing are influenced by the macro-economic situation. In the Czech Republic, initial macroeconomic conditions at the start of transition were good when compared to conditions in other transition countries and provided a broader scope of privatisation decisions. Privatisation was expected to improve the performance of enterprises. Contrary to these expectations, following the completion of the privatisation programme during 1991–95, the Czech economy experienced a recession during 1997–99. The economic recession revealed the weaknesses of privatisation — inappropriate legal institutions, lack of systematic restructuring of large firms. Worsening of the macroeconomic situation in turn accelerated the delayed privatisation of residual state stakes in banks and network industries to strategic foreign investors during 1999–2002.
Politicka Ekonomie, 1999
N/A
Politicka Ekonomie, Apr 1, 2008
Politicka Ekonomie, Apr 1, 2006
Prague Economic Papers, 2005
This monograph presents results of empirical research based on the analysis of firm data and atte... more This monograph presents results of empirical research based on the analysis of firm data and attempts to provide some background for the ongoing debate on the reform of competition policy.
Politicka Ekonomie, 2004
This study provides information on trends and role of the Czech outward foreign direct investment... more This study provides information on trends and role of the Czech outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and evaluates the effects of the OFDI on parent companies. The analysis of trends is based on Czech National Bank data; the effects are evaluated through a unique set of data gathered through a sample survey. The stock of OFDI has grown slowly but steadily between 1993 and 2002. To date, about 80 per cent of OFDI is located in services and about 40 per cent in Central and East European countries (CEECs). The nature of OFDI in the EU is trade facilitating while the nature of OFDI in CEECs is tilted toward manufacturing. Much OFDI aims at avoiding a specific regulation in the home country or takes advantage of financial incentives in host countries. Our results indicate that OFDI is often related to parent company restructuring and is a precondition for maintenance and improvement of competitiveness.
This report has been prepared in the framework of the project “Transfer of know-how to small and ... more This report has been prepared in the framework of the project “Transfer of know-how to small and mid-size businesses” of the International Visegrad Fund (IVF) and USAID. It summarizes the conditions of the SME sector (small and medium size enterprises) in Georgia, identifies the main problems in their development and provides recommendations for further interventions based on the Czech experience, existing literature and a survey implemented among SME stakeholders.Georgia generally receives favorable evaluations of its business environment. It ranks high in indices of economic freedom and is among the top countries with respect to ease of starting and doing business. On the other hand, the SME sector suffers from several problems. The most serious obstacle to SME development seems to be in the area of finance; access to finance is difficult for SMEs and the cost of credit is high. Human capital and innovations are among the weak points of Georgian SMEs as well.The different shortcomings of the environment and markets call for different interventions. The paper is roadmap of concrete activities – it contains a set of recommendations to support SMEs development drawn on three different sources: first, the theoretical foundations of entrepreneurship policy, second, the Czech experience and know-how in the SME sector, and finally, the ideas of local experts and stakeholders generated during interviews and workshops.Activities and recommendations have been divided into “generic,” which relate to a particular determinant of business environment and have an impact across industries and sectors such as access to financing, education, developing skills training, R&D, innovation, export strategy, start-ups, and those which are “sector-specific,” such as banking, health and agriculture. Political stability, the main problem in Georgia, is beyond the scope of possible interventions.