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Papers by Alexander Scharf

Research paper thumbnail of Kursbuch Dopplersonographie in Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe

Research paper thumbnail of Contents Vol. 21, 2006

Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Supplementary Figure 4 from Intratumoral Cytokines and Tumor Cell Biology Determine Spontaneous Breast Cancer–Specific Immune Responses and Their Correlation to Prognosis

Supplementary Figure 4 from Intratumoral Cytokines and Tumor Cell Biology Determine Spontaneous B... more Supplementary Figure 4 from Intratumoral Cytokines and Tumor Cell Biology Determine Spontaneous Breast Cancer–Specific Immune Responses and Their Correlation to Prognosis

Research paper thumbnail of Supplementary Figure 5 from Intratumoral Cytokines and Tumor Cell Biology Determine Spontaneous Breast Cancer–Specific Immune Responses and Their Correlation to Prognosis

Supplementary Figure 5 from Intratumoral Cytokines and Tumor Cell Biology Determine Spontaneous B... more Supplementary Figure 5 from Intratumoral Cytokines and Tumor Cell Biology Determine Spontaneous Breast Cancer–Specific Immune Responses and Their Correlation to Prognosis

Research paper thumbnail of Supplementary Table 2 from Intratumoral Cytokines and Tumor Cell Biology Determine Spontaneous Breast Cancer–Specific Immune Responses and Their Correlation to Prognosis

Supplementary Table 2 from Intratumoral Cytokines and Tumor Cell Biology Determine Spontaneous Br... more Supplementary Table 2 from Intratumoral Cytokines and Tumor Cell Biology Determine Spontaneous Breast Cancer–Specific Immune Responses and Their Correlation to Prognosis

Research paper thumbnail of Turner syndrome‐omphalocele association: Incidence, karyotype, phenotype and fetal outcome

Research paper thumbnail of Uterine Dopplersonographie im frühen ersten Trimenon – Ist die Identifikation eines low-risk-Kollektivs für Präeklampsie möglich?

Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Zur Praktikabilität der fetalen Nasal bone-Messung im ersten Trimenon-Eine prospektive Studie

Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Intrauteriner Tod des Feten bei präkonzeptionellem Diabetes, Gestationsdiabetes und Schwangerschaften ohne diabetische Stoffwechsellage. Ergebnisse der Perinatalstatistik Niedersachsen

Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluierung eines automatisierten Brustultraschalls – SomoV®–im Vergleich zum handgeführten US und zur Mammografie anhand von 2252 Fällen

Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Sinn und Nutzen der routinemäßigen Ultraschalluntersuchung in der Schwangerschaft

Die Hebamme, 2007

... Am J Roentgenol 1987; 149: 1181-1186 Odent M.. The Nocebo effect in prenatal care. Primal Hea... more ... Am J Roentgenol 1987; 149: 1181-1186 Odent M.. The Nocebo effect in prenatal care. Primal Heath Research Newsletter 1994; 2 Owen J, Yost N, Berghella V, Thom E, Swain M. et al.. ... Dr. med. Maren Goeckenjan Universitäts-Frauenklinik Heidelberg Voßstr. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Pränatalmedizin. Pränatale Diagnostik von Chromosomenstörungen vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Gesetzgebung

Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Dysfunctions of the fetal non‐adaptive immune system are involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2000

Research paper thumbnail of Is Fetal Hydrops in Turner Syndrome a Risk Factor for the Development of Maternal Mirror Syndrome?

Journal of Clinical Medicine

Mirror syndrome is a rare and serious maternal condition associated with immune and non-immune fe... more Mirror syndrome is a rare and serious maternal condition associated with immune and non-immune fetal hydrops after 16 weeks of gestational age. Subjacent conditions associated with fetal hydrops may carry different risks for Mirror syndrome. Fetuses with Turner syndrome are frequently found to be hydropic on ultrasound. We designed a retrospective multicenter study to evaluate the risk for Mirror syndrome among pregnancies complicated with Turner syndrome and fetal hydrops. Data were extracted from a questionnaire sent to specialists in maternal fetal medicine in Germany. Out of 758 cases, 138 fulfilled our inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Of the included 138, 66 presented with persisting hydrops at or after 16 weeks. The frequency of placental hydrops/placentomegaly was rather low (8.1%). Of note, no Mirror syndrome was observed in our study cohort. We propose that the risk of this pregnancy complication varies according to the subjacent cause of fetal hydrops....

Research paper thumbnail of First trimester screening with biochemical markers and ultrasound in relation to non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT)

Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 2021

Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is often erroneously received as a diagnostic procedure due ... more Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is often erroneously received as a diagnostic procedure due to its high discriminatory power in the field of fetal trisomy 21 diagnosis (wording: “NIPT replaces amniocentesis”). Already a look at the methodology of NIPT (statistical gene dose comparison of a primarily maternofetal DNA mixture information at selected sites of the genome) easily reveals that NIPT cannot match the gold standard offered by cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis procedures from the matrix of the entire human genome (origin: vital fetal cells), neither in diagnostic breadth nor in diagnostic depth. In fact, NIPT in fetal medicine in its current stage of development is a selective genetic search procedure, which can be applied in primary (without indication) or secondary (indication-related) screening. Thus, NIPT competes with established search procedures for this field. Here, the combined nuchal translucency (NT) test according to Nicolaides has become the worldwi...

Research paper thumbnail of Ethische Aspekte zur nicht invasiven Pränataldiagnostik

gynäkologie + geburtshilfe, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of „Verbot des Babykinos“ und Praxisrelevanz ab Januar 2021

Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Gendiagnostik in der Geburtshilfe – klares Konzept, verständliche ärztliche Beratung

Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Einfluss von antenataler Akupunktur auf dopplersonographische und psychometrische Parameter – Eine prospektive Studie

Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Der Echtzeit-Ultraschallsimulator: Eine neue Methode zum Training in der Ultraschalldiagnostik12

Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie, 2001

PURPOSE Although ultrasound examination became almost indispensable in prenatal diagnosis as well... more PURPOSE Although ultrasound examination became almost indispensable in prenatal diagnosis as well as in gynecological examination, there are still a lot of deficits in the quality management of medical education. We present a "ultrasound simulation system", that makes it possible to simulate a complete ultrasound examination. The system is able to simulate all imaginable kinds of ultrasound examination. MATERIAL AND METHODS At the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the "Medizinische Hochschule Hannover" 115 banks of normal and 29 banks of pathologic volumes were scanned and stored into our newly developed "ultrasound simulation system". 7 physicians had to examine 10 "virtual" cases each; we evaluated the incidence of positive and negative results. Furthermore, the physicians had to evaluate the quality of visualization with a score. RESULTS 12 of 14 malformations were identified as "fetal anomalies", whereas 2 fetal anomalies could not be identified correctly. All 56 healthy fetuses could be identified to be normal. The quality of visualization was regarded to be good in 62 cases, sufficient in 6 cases and poor in 2 cases. CONCLUSION The "ultrasound simulation system" enables users to test and improve their levels of skill to detect pathologic findings in gynecological and obstetrical examinations. At the same time the system gives the instructor the possibility to test the quality of medical examinations. The integration of ultrasound training with an ultrasound simulation system into medical education should be discussed to improve the general level of skill in gynecological ultrasound.

Research paper thumbnail of Kursbuch Dopplersonographie in Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe

Research paper thumbnail of Contents Vol. 21, 2006

Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Supplementary Figure 4 from Intratumoral Cytokines and Tumor Cell Biology Determine Spontaneous Breast Cancer–Specific Immune Responses and Their Correlation to Prognosis

Supplementary Figure 4 from Intratumoral Cytokines and Tumor Cell Biology Determine Spontaneous B... more Supplementary Figure 4 from Intratumoral Cytokines and Tumor Cell Biology Determine Spontaneous Breast Cancer–Specific Immune Responses and Their Correlation to Prognosis

Research paper thumbnail of Supplementary Figure 5 from Intratumoral Cytokines and Tumor Cell Biology Determine Spontaneous Breast Cancer–Specific Immune Responses and Their Correlation to Prognosis

Supplementary Figure 5 from Intratumoral Cytokines and Tumor Cell Biology Determine Spontaneous B... more Supplementary Figure 5 from Intratumoral Cytokines and Tumor Cell Biology Determine Spontaneous Breast Cancer–Specific Immune Responses and Their Correlation to Prognosis

Research paper thumbnail of Supplementary Table 2 from Intratumoral Cytokines and Tumor Cell Biology Determine Spontaneous Breast Cancer–Specific Immune Responses and Their Correlation to Prognosis

Supplementary Table 2 from Intratumoral Cytokines and Tumor Cell Biology Determine Spontaneous Br... more Supplementary Table 2 from Intratumoral Cytokines and Tumor Cell Biology Determine Spontaneous Breast Cancer–Specific Immune Responses and Their Correlation to Prognosis

Research paper thumbnail of Turner syndrome‐omphalocele association: Incidence, karyotype, phenotype and fetal outcome

Research paper thumbnail of Uterine Dopplersonographie im frühen ersten Trimenon – Ist die Identifikation eines low-risk-Kollektivs für Präeklampsie möglich?

Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Zur Praktikabilität der fetalen Nasal bone-Messung im ersten Trimenon-Eine prospektive Studie

Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Intrauteriner Tod des Feten bei präkonzeptionellem Diabetes, Gestationsdiabetes und Schwangerschaften ohne diabetische Stoffwechsellage. Ergebnisse der Perinatalstatistik Niedersachsen

Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluierung eines automatisierten Brustultraschalls – SomoV®–im Vergleich zum handgeführten US und zur Mammografie anhand von 2252 Fällen

Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Sinn und Nutzen der routinemäßigen Ultraschalluntersuchung in der Schwangerschaft

Die Hebamme, 2007

... Am J Roentgenol 1987; 149: 1181-1186 Odent M.. The Nocebo effect in prenatal care. Primal Hea... more ... Am J Roentgenol 1987; 149: 1181-1186 Odent M.. The Nocebo effect in prenatal care. Primal Heath Research Newsletter 1994; 2 Owen J, Yost N, Berghella V, Thom E, Swain M. et al.. ... Dr. med. Maren Goeckenjan Universitäts-Frauenklinik Heidelberg Voßstr. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Pränatalmedizin. Pränatale Diagnostik von Chromosomenstörungen vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Gesetzgebung

Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Dysfunctions of the fetal non‐adaptive immune system are involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2000

Research paper thumbnail of Is Fetal Hydrops in Turner Syndrome a Risk Factor for the Development of Maternal Mirror Syndrome?

Journal of Clinical Medicine

Mirror syndrome is a rare and serious maternal condition associated with immune and non-immune fe... more Mirror syndrome is a rare and serious maternal condition associated with immune and non-immune fetal hydrops after 16 weeks of gestational age. Subjacent conditions associated with fetal hydrops may carry different risks for Mirror syndrome. Fetuses with Turner syndrome are frequently found to be hydropic on ultrasound. We designed a retrospective multicenter study to evaluate the risk for Mirror syndrome among pregnancies complicated with Turner syndrome and fetal hydrops. Data were extracted from a questionnaire sent to specialists in maternal fetal medicine in Germany. Out of 758 cases, 138 fulfilled our inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Of the included 138, 66 presented with persisting hydrops at or after 16 weeks. The frequency of placental hydrops/placentomegaly was rather low (8.1%). Of note, no Mirror syndrome was observed in our study cohort. We propose that the risk of this pregnancy complication varies according to the subjacent cause of fetal hydrops....

Research paper thumbnail of First trimester screening with biochemical markers and ultrasound in relation to non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT)

Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 2021

Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is often erroneously received as a diagnostic procedure due ... more Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is often erroneously received as a diagnostic procedure due to its high discriminatory power in the field of fetal trisomy 21 diagnosis (wording: “NIPT replaces amniocentesis”). Already a look at the methodology of NIPT (statistical gene dose comparison of a primarily maternofetal DNA mixture information at selected sites of the genome) easily reveals that NIPT cannot match the gold standard offered by cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis procedures from the matrix of the entire human genome (origin: vital fetal cells), neither in diagnostic breadth nor in diagnostic depth. In fact, NIPT in fetal medicine in its current stage of development is a selective genetic search procedure, which can be applied in primary (without indication) or secondary (indication-related) screening. Thus, NIPT competes with established search procedures for this field. Here, the combined nuchal translucency (NT) test according to Nicolaides has become the worldwi...

Research paper thumbnail of Ethische Aspekte zur nicht invasiven Pränataldiagnostik

gynäkologie + geburtshilfe, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of „Verbot des Babykinos“ und Praxisrelevanz ab Januar 2021

Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Gendiagnostik in der Geburtshilfe – klares Konzept, verständliche ärztliche Beratung

Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Einfluss von antenataler Akupunktur auf dopplersonographische und psychometrische Parameter – Eine prospektive Studie

Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Der Echtzeit-Ultraschallsimulator: Eine neue Methode zum Training in der Ultraschalldiagnostik12

Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie, 2001

PURPOSE Although ultrasound examination became almost indispensable in prenatal diagnosis as well... more PURPOSE Although ultrasound examination became almost indispensable in prenatal diagnosis as well as in gynecological examination, there are still a lot of deficits in the quality management of medical education. We present a "ultrasound simulation system", that makes it possible to simulate a complete ultrasound examination. The system is able to simulate all imaginable kinds of ultrasound examination. MATERIAL AND METHODS At the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the "Medizinische Hochschule Hannover" 115 banks of normal and 29 banks of pathologic volumes were scanned and stored into our newly developed "ultrasound simulation system". 7 physicians had to examine 10 "virtual" cases each; we evaluated the incidence of positive and negative results. Furthermore, the physicians had to evaluate the quality of visualization with a score. RESULTS 12 of 14 malformations were identified as "fetal anomalies", whereas 2 fetal anomalies could not be identified correctly. All 56 healthy fetuses could be identified to be normal. The quality of visualization was regarded to be good in 62 cases, sufficient in 6 cases and poor in 2 cases. CONCLUSION The "ultrasound simulation system" enables users to test and improve their levels of skill to detect pathologic findings in gynecological and obstetrical examinations. At the same time the system gives the instructor the possibility to test the quality of medical examinations. The integration of ultrasound training with an ultrasound simulation system into medical education should be discussed to improve the general level of skill in gynecological ultrasound.