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Papers by Alexandra Espinoza
Research Square (Research Square), Dec 29, 2022
Cells
Dopamine has emerged as an important regulator of immunity. Recent evidence has shown that signal... more Dopamine has emerged as an important regulator of immunity. Recent evidence has shown that signalling through low-affinity dopamine receptors exerts anti-inflammatory effects, whilst stimulation of high-affinity dopamine receptors potentiates immunity in different models. However, the dopaminergic regulation of CD8+ T-cells in anti-tumour immunity remains poorly explored. Here, we studied the role of dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3), which displays the highest affinity for dopamine, in the function of CD8+ T-cells and its consequences in the anti-tumour immune response. We observed that the deficiency of Drd3 (the gene encoding DRD3) in CD8+ T-cells limits their in vivo expansion, leading to an impaired anti-tumour response in a mouse melanoma model. Mechanistic analyses suggest that DRD3 stimulation favours the production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and the surface expression of CD25, the α-chain IL-2 receptor, which are required for expansion and effector differentiation of CD8+ T-cells. T...
Revista chilena de nutrición
2021 IEEE 12th Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON), 2021
Upper-limb exoskeletons have become very important in recent years as an alternative to improve t... more Upper-limb exoskeletons have become very important in recent years as an alternative to improve the quality of life and the rehabilitation of patients with motor problems. In this way, the purpose of this article is to analyze the technological trends of these upper-limb exoskeletons, that contain the movement of the elbow, stated in the different papers collected. First, a range of years (from 2016 to 2021) will be delimited for the data search. This information will be used to make a matrix, from which the similarities and differences shared by the upper limb exoskeletons can be identified. As a result, it can be observed that 100% of the exoskeletons use flexion/extension movement, 30.77% occupy aluminum as the main material, of which 26.94% use it with 3D printing as a complement for their manufacture. In addition, present PID, AC, and IC control algorithms in 46.16% of the exoskeletons, along with 46,15% motors or servomotors applications for the actuators. Finally, the TLR scale was used to observe the technological advance that each exoskeleton reached.
GECONTEC: Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología, 2017
Spanish abstract. Se propone un metodo para analizar el balance entre los componentes del capital... more Spanish abstract. Se propone un metodo para analizar el balance entre los componentes del capital intelectual para su gestion en centros de investigacion cientifica, tomando como caso un instituto de investigaciones cientificas de Venezuela. El fundamento teorico del metodo se encuentra en el modelo Intelect y el metodo propuesto se centra en la determinacion de los aspectos favorables y desfavorables de cada bloque del capital intelectual. La metodologia sugerida es basicamente cualitativa, con investigacion de campo, y diseno de estudio de caso. Se obtuvieron datos mediante aplicacion de entrevistas dirigidas y analisis de documentos. Mediante el metodo disenado se identificaron los factores que condicionan la gestion del conocimiento de la institucion, se evaluo su balance y se diseno un modelo de gestion del capital intelectual, adaptado a las caracteristicas de la institucion. En el modelo de gestion se propone el diseno de ciertas politicas, programas y acciones, enfatizando s...
Revista Electrónica Calidad en la Educación Superior, 2017
Este artículo presenta un estudio realizado en el marco del compromiso de mejoramiento resultante... more Este artículo presenta un estudio realizado en el marco del compromiso de mejoramiento resultante de un proceso de autoevaluación de la carrera de Bachillerato en Francés. El estudio, realizado por docentes de la comisión de autoevaluación de la carrera, contó con la asesoría del Centro de Evaluación Académica e indagó sobre los medios de información y comunicación más utilizados por su estudiantado, con el fin de optimizar la divulgación y la comunicación de temas relativos a la carrera. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan que, posiblemente como resultado del desarrollo tecnológico, las personas universitarias jóvenes privilegian la comunicación de aspectos académicos por medios más dinámicos y que las unidades académicas no utilizan el mismo canal de comunicación que usan y prefieren estos; esta situación supone retos para el diseño de estrategias de divulgación de diversos aspectos académicos derivados de los procesos de calidad y mejora continua de las carreras universitarias, en ...
Tesis previa a la obtención del título de Licenciada en Enfermería
Additional file 1: Figure S1. B-cell infiltration into the CNS correlates with the EAE clinical s... more Additional file 1: Figure S1. B-cell infiltration into the CNS correlates with the EAE clinical score (associated to Fig. 1). EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice (n = 6). A group of control mice were treated only with PBS (n = 2). At day 15 post-induction, mice were killed and the extent of B cells infiltrating the brain was analysed by immunofluorescence. (A) Representative images of immunofluorescence for CD19 in mice displaying clinical score 0 (left panel, healthy control), 2 (middle panel, EAE) and 3 (right panel, EAE). Arrow heads showing some CD19 + cells in the tissue. Bar, 200 µm. Inserts in the down-left corner show some B cells in higher magnification. (B) The number of CD19 + cells per area was quantified in the cortex (n = 3 slides per mouse) and a correlation analysis was performed with the clinical score. The R2 and p value were calculated with Pearson's correlation coefficient. Figure S2. Analysis of DRD3 expression in B cells upon EAE development (associated to Fig....
Background: Recent evidence has shown dopamine as a major regulator of inflammation. Accordingly,... more Background: Recent evidence has shown dopamine as a major regulator of inflammation. Accordingly, dopaminergic regulation of adaptive and innate immune cells plays an important role in the physiopathology of inflammatory disorders. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease involving a CD4+ T-cell-driven autoimmune response to central nervous system (CNS) derived antigens. Evidence from animal models has suggested that B-cells play a fundamental role as antigen-presenting cells (APC) re-stimulating CD4+ T-cells in the CNS as well as regulating T-cell response by mean of inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines. Here we addressed the role of the dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3), which display the highest affinity for dopamine, in B-cells in animal models of MS.Methods: Mice harbouring Drd3-deficient or Drd3-suficient B-cells were generated by bone marrow transplantation into recipient mice devoid of B-cells. In these mice we compare the development of experimental autoimmune en...
Mucosal Immunology, 2020
Evidence from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients and animal models has indicated that gut... more Evidence from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients and animal models has indicated that gut inflammation is driven by effector CD4 + T-cell, including Th1 and Th17. Conversely, Treg seem to be dysfunctional in IBD. Importantly, dopamine, which is abundant in the gut mucosa under homoeostasis, undergoes a sharp reduction upon intestinal inflammation. Here we analysed the role of the high-affinity dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3) in gut inflammation. Our results show that Drd3 deficiency confers a stronger immunosuppressive potency to Treg, attenuating inflammatory colitis manifestation in mice. Mechanistic analyses indicated that DRD3-signalling attenuates IL-10 production and limits the acquisition of gut-tropism. Accordingly, the ex vivo transduction of wildtype Treg with a siRNA for Drd3 induced a potent therapeutic effect abolishing gut inflammation. Thus, our findings show DRD3signalling as a major regulator of Treg upon gut inflammation.
This paper analyzes the management of comments made by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (Ministér... more This paper analyzes the management of comments made by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (Ministério da Saúde) during the video broadcast on Facebook Live for World Food Day 2018. Our review followed the communication interventions of the health workers participating in the video through a qualitative content analysis. The results reveal that it is possible to find traces indicating that this organization is in an ongoing process of professionalization in the digital communication component that translates into the recognition of the existence of these work profiles and the intention to regulate their professional practices within the organization. In addition, its communication actions tacitly rely on behavior change techniques (BCTs) to manage the digital feedback generated by the primary texts used to promote healthy eating.
Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Revista De Lenguas Modernas, Oct 25, 2010
el estado actual de estudios realizados en relación con el tema y la utilización de las Nuevas Te... more el estado actual de estudios realizados en relación con el tema y la utilización de las Nuevas Tecnologías en esta modalidad de enseñanza.
Revista De Lenguas Modernas, 2009
Se analizarán los planteamientos iniciales, la propuesta curricular y el desarrollo de las estrat... more Se analizarán los planteamientos iniciales, la propuesta curricular y el desarrollo de las estrategias didácticas aplicadas en este campo, para determinar los logros obtenidos y las dificultades enfrentadas durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Palabras claves: Francés, competencias orales, enseñanza a distancia, Francés Lengua Extranjera (FLE). Résumé Cet article porte sur le déroulement des cours d'oral dans le cadre des études de l'Enseignement du Français à distance de l'Université du Costa Rica. On analysera les propositions initiales, le cadre curriculaire, le développement des stratégies didactiques appliquées dans ce domaine, afin de déterminer le degré de réussite et les difficultés liées au processus d'enseignement et apprentissage.
Research Square (Research Square), Dec 29, 2022
Cells
Dopamine has emerged as an important regulator of immunity. Recent evidence has shown that signal... more Dopamine has emerged as an important regulator of immunity. Recent evidence has shown that signalling through low-affinity dopamine receptors exerts anti-inflammatory effects, whilst stimulation of high-affinity dopamine receptors potentiates immunity in different models. However, the dopaminergic regulation of CD8+ T-cells in anti-tumour immunity remains poorly explored. Here, we studied the role of dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3), which displays the highest affinity for dopamine, in the function of CD8+ T-cells and its consequences in the anti-tumour immune response. We observed that the deficiency of Drd3 (the gene encoding DRD3) in CD8+ T-cells limits their in vivo expansion, leading to an impaired anti-tumour response in a mouse melanoma model. Mechanistic analyses suggest that DRD3 stimulation favours the production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and the surface expression of CD25, the α-chain IL-2 receptor, which are required for expansion and effector differentiation of CD8+ T-cells. T...
Revista chilena de nutrición
2021 IEEE 12th Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON), 2021
Upper-limb exoskeletons have become very important in recent years as an alternative to improve t... more Upper-limb exoskeletons have become very important in recent years as an alternative to improve the quality of life and the rehabilitation of patients with motor problems. In this way, the purpose of this article is to analyze the technological trends of these upper-limb exoskeletons, that contain the movement of the elbow, stated in the different papers collected. First, a range of years (from 2016 to 2021) will be delimited for the data search. This information will be used to make a matrix, from which the similarities and differences shared by the upper limb exoskeletons can be identified. As a result, it can be observed that 100% of the exoskeletons use flexion/extension movement, 30.77% occupy aluminum as the main material, of which 26.94% use it with 3D printing as a complement for their manufacture. In addition, present PID, AC, and IC control algorithms in 46.16% of the exoskeletons, along with 46,15% motors or servomotors applications for the actuators. Finally, the TLR scale was used to observe the technological advance that each exoskeleton reached.
GECONTEC: Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología, 2017
Spanish abstract. Se propone un metodo para analizar el balance entre los componentes del capital... more Spanish abstract. Se propone un metodo para analizar el balance entre los componentes del capital intelectual para su gestion en centros de investigacion cientifica, tomando como caso un instituto de investigaciones cientificas de Venezuela. El fundamento teorico del metodo se encuentra en el modelo Intelect y el metodo propuesto se centra en la determinacion de los aspectos favorables y desfavorables de cada bloque del capital intelectual. La metodologia sugerida es basicamente cualitativa, con investigacion de campo, y diseno de estudio de caso. Se obtuvieron datos mediante aplicacion de entrevistas dirigidas y analisis de documentos. Mediante el metodo disenado se identificaron los factores que condicionan la gestion del conocimiento de la institucion, se evaluo su balance y se diseno un modelo de gestion del capital intelectual, adaptado a las caracteristicas de la institucion. En el modelo de gestion se propone el diseno de ciertas politicas, programas y acciones, enfatizando s...
Revista Electrónica Calidad en la Educación Superior, 2017
Este artículo presenta un estudio realizado en el marco del compromiso de mejoramiento resultante... more Este artículo presenta un estudio realizado en el marco del compromiso de mejoramiento resultante de un proceso de autoevaluación de la carrera de Bachillerato en Francés. El estudio, realizado por docentes de la comisión de autoevaluación de la carrera, contó con la asesoría del Centro de Evaluación Académica e indagó sobre los medios de información y comunicación más utilizados por su estudiantado, con el fin de optimizar la divulgación y la comunicación de temas relativos a la carrera. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan que, posiblemente como resultado del desarrollo tecnológico, las personas universitarias jóvenes privilegian la comunicación de aspectos académicos por medios más dinámicos y que las unidades académicas no utilizan el mismo canal de comunicación que usan y prefieren estos; esta situación supone retos para el diseño de estrategias de divulgación de diversos aspectos académicos derivados de los procesos de calidad y mejora continua de las carreras universitarias, en ...
Tesis previa a la obtención del título de Licenciada en Enfermería
Additional file 1: Figure S1. B-cell infiltration into the CNS correlates with the EAE clinical s... more Additional file 1: Figure S1. B-cell infiltration into the CNS correlates with the EAE clinical score (associated to Fig. 1). EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice (n = 6). A group of control mice were treated only with PBS (n = 2). At day 15 post-induction, mice were killed and the extent of B cells infiltrating the brain was analysed by immunofluorescence. (A) Representative images of immunofluorescence for CD19 in mice displaying clinical score 0 (left panel, healthy control), 2 (middle panel, EAE) and 3 (right panel, EAE). Arrow heads showing some CD19 + cells in the tissue. Bar, 200 µm. Inserts in the down-left corner show some B cells in higher magnification. (B) The number of CD19 + cells per area was quantified in the cortex (n = 3 slides per mouse) and a correlation analysis was performed with the clinical score. The R2 and p value were calculated with Pearson's correlation coefficient. Figure S2. Analysis of DRD3 expression in B cells upon EAE development (associated to Fig....
Background: Recent evidence has shown dopamine as a major regulator of inflammation. Accordingly,... more Background: Recent evidence has shown dopamine as a major regulator of inflammation. Accordingly, dopaminergic regulation of adaptive and innate immune cells plays an important role in the physiopathology of inflammatory disorders. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease involving a CD4+ T-cell-driven autoimmune response to central nervous system (CNS) derived antigens. Evidence from animal models has suggested that B-cells play a fundamental role as antigen-presenting cells (APC) re-stimulating CD4+ T-cells in the CNS as well as regulating T-cell response by mean of inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines. Here we addressed the role of the dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3), which display the highest affinity for dopamine, in B-cells in animal models of MS.Methods: Mice harbouring Drd3-deficient or Drd3-suficient B-cells were generated by bone marrow transplantation into recipient mice devoid of B-cells. In these mice we compare the development of experimental autoimmune en...
Mucosal Immunology, 2020
Evidence from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients and animal models has indicated that gut... more Evidence from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients and animal models has indicated that gut inflammation is driven by effector CD4 + T-cell, including Th1 and Th17. Conversely, Treg seem to be dysfunctional in IBD. Importantly, dopamine, which is abundant in the gut mucosa under homoeostasis, undergoes a sharp reduction upon intestinal inflammation. Here we analysed the role of the high-affinity dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3) in gut inflammation. Our results show that Drd3 deficiency confers a stronger immunosuppressive potency to Treg, attenuating inflammatory colitis manifestation in mice. Mechanistic analyses indicated that DRD3-signalling attenuates IL-10 production and limits the acquisition of gut-tropism. Accordingly, the ex vivo transduction of wildtype Treg with a siRNA for Drd3 induced a potent therapeutic effect abolishing gut inflammation. Thus, our findings show DRD3signalling as a major regulator of Treg upon gut inflammation.
This paper analyzes the management of comments made by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (Ministér... more This paper analyzes the management of comments made by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (Ministério da Saúde) during the video broadcast on Facebook Live for World Food Day 2018. Our review followed the communication interventions of the health workers participating in the video through a qualitative content analysis. The results reveal that it is possible to find traces indicating that this organization is in an ongoing process of professionalization in the digital communication component that translates into the recognition of the existence of these work profiles and the intention to regulate their professional practices within the organization. In addition, its communication actions tacitly rely on behavior change techniques (BCTs) to manage the digital feedback generated by the primary texts used to promote healthy eating.
Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Revista De Lenguas Modernas, Oct 25, 2010
el estado actual de estudios realizados en relación con el tema y la utilización de las Nuevas Te... more el estado actual de estudios realizados en relación con el tema y la utilización de las Nuevas Tecnologías en esta modalidad de enseñanza.
Revista De Lenguas Modernas, 2009
Se analizarán los planteamientos iniciales, la propuesta curricular y el desarrollo de las estrat... more Se analizarán los planteamientos iniciales, la propuesta curricular y el desarrollo de las estrategias didácticas aplicadas en este campo, para determinar los logros obtenidos y las dificultades enfrentadas durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Palabras claves: Francés, competencias orales, enseñanza a distancia, Francés Lengua Extranjera (FLE). Résumé Cet article porte sur le déroulement des cours d'oral dans le cadre des études de l'Enseignement du Français à distance de l'Université du Costa Rica. On analysera les propositions initiales, le cadre curriculaire, le développement des stratégies didactiques appliquées dans ce domaine, afin de déterminer le degré de réussite et les difficultés liées au processus d'enseignement et apprentissage.