Alexandre Heideker - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Alexandre Heideker

Anais do XXVII Workshop de Gerência e Operação de Redes e Serviços (WGRS 2022)

Ambientes de IoT são complexos, com muitas partes móveis e quantidades significativas de dados. A... more Ambientes de IoT são complexos, com muitas partes móveis e quantidades significativas de dados. Abordagens de monitoramento tradicionais ou domésticas podem não ser escaláveis, ou fornecer entendimento destes ambientes, não provendo observabilidade do sistema. Neste artigo analisamos qualitativamente ferramentas de monitoramento bem conhecidas e estabelecidas em termos de suporte à IoT. Este artigo também propõe uma nova ferramenta de monitoramento de IoT denominada IoTMan Agent, explicando como a ferramenta pode atender demandas específicas de IoT e fornecer o entendimento necessário para gerenciar a complexidade de uma solução de IoT considerando a heterogeneidade e natureza distribuída de tais sistemas.

IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management

Workshop em Clouds e Aplicações, 2019

LoRaWAN is a new technology that has been consolidating as a key data communication component to ... more LoRaWAN is a new technology that has been consolidating as a key data communication component to send data in IoT-based systems, due to its ability to send data over long distances with low energy costs. However, literature considers only wireless aspects, disregarding its computational aspects and its integration with IoT platforms, as well as ignoring the deployment possibilities that involve cloud and fog computing. In order to understand the computational impacts of the LoRa architecture we performed a careful performance evaluation study in a complex IoT scenario, exploring cloud and fog computing scenarios and integrating with the IoT FIWARE platform. The results show that the LoRaWAN architecture is scalable, but it has impacts on system performance.

Multi-Agent Systems - Modeling, Control, Programming, Simulations and Applications, 2011

Anais Estendidos do Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos (SBRC), 2019

The concept of Internet of Things (IoT) comes with a large number of devices linked to the Intern... more The concept of Internet of Things (IoT) comes with a large number of devices linked to the Internet, including urban, industrial and agriculture environment. Managing and monitoring these devices, whether virtual or physical, across multiple hardware and software platforms, is a major challenge. There are market solutions but for specific domain and platforms, overall closed and not customizable. We introduce the IMAIoT, an infrastructure monitoring tool that uses the high scalable IoT's protocol and architecture to publish its metrics. The tools versatility allows to monitor from physical machines in a datacenter to small devices such as fog computing node.

Journal of Network and Systems Management

IoT platforms manage distributed sensors, actuators and data, connecting heterogeneous devices wi... more IoT platforms manage distributed sensors, actuators and data, connecting heterogeneous devices with applications that add value to the collected data. Although there are several IoT platforms, many are complex, unversatile and expensive, still lacking information about their performance and scalability, impairing a direct comparison between them. This article evaluates and compares three open source IoT platforms FIWARE, Konker and ThingsBoard through quantitative metrics to understand their operation, scalability, reliability and hardware resources needed for its operation in city and health scenarios. The results show that greater computational power directly affects the scalability of each platform, but does not directly interfere with the processing time of each message. The results also show that, although the platforms evaluated have similar structures and proposals, their performances are very different, showing that each platform is suitable for a different solution. Resumo....

2018 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), 2018

The concepts of Software Defined Networks (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) have pr... more The concepts of Software Defined Networks (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) have promoted network chaining, or Service Function Chain (SFC), quickly and simply. In dynamic infrastructure scenarios, the management of SFC introduces challenges both for the connection of these elements and for understanding their behavior when automatic elasticity is required. Currently, most existing approaches have addressed this challenge with probabilistic heuristics or AI-based techniques, considering only static management. This paper presents an approach for profiling SFC that can be used for predictive NFV orchestration purposes. We conducted a performance evaluation study based on testbed experimentation and queueing modeling. Our results confirm that an analytical model can be used for managing SFC orchestration, not only as a validation technique for NFV, but also as a heuristic for predictive resource allocation in production environments.

2020 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)

As LoRaWAN has been increasingly used in the Internet of Things (IoT) smart agriculture, efficaci... more As LoRaWAN has been increasingly used in the Internet of Things (IoT) smart agriculture, efficacious deployments of this technology need a clear understanding of its performance and scalability tradeoffs. This paper proposes a two-step methodology to evaluate the performance of LoRaWAN based on simulation for understanding the behavior of the air interface and measurement for understanding the behavior of the IoT Platform. We conducted a performance analysis study in a smart irrigation scenario, varying the distance from sensors to the gateway, the sensor density (number of sensors), and the LoRaWAN spreading factor. Our results show that the LoRa air interface poses the most stringent scalability limits, mainly related to the number of sensors actively transmitting from a farm parcel to the gateway. The IoT Platform adds some delay but does not notably interfere with the overall performance of the solution.

Anais do XXV Workshop de Gerência e Operação de Redes e Serviços (WGRS 2020)

A Virtualização de Funções de Rede (NFV) e o Encadeamento de Funções de Serviço (SFC) fornecem fe... more A Virtualização de Funções de Rede (NFV) e o Encadeamento de Funções de Serviço (SFC) fornecem ferramentas essenciais para a ampla adoção da computação em nuvem, reduzindo o CAPEX e OPEX e possibilitando o gerenciamento autônomo e elástico de serviços. Tradicionalmente as métricas de CPU e Memória são utilizadas para promover a elasticidade, por vezes produzindo equívocos na avaliação da carga destes recursos. Este artigo caracteriza o comportamento de funções de rede e aplicação virtualizadas, explorando novas métricas em experimentos com Firewall, DPI, Proxy, servidor Web e Context Broker de IoT, assim como suas respectivas composições em SFC. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a avaliação das filas TCP permitem uma melhor compreensão do comportamento destas funções, identificando claramente não só o estado atual como a tendência de seu comportamento diante do crescimento no tráfego.

2018 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is getting momentum, which drives us to design solutions able to dea... more The Internet of Things (IoT) is getting momentum, which drives us to design solutions able to deal with huge amounts of data coming from different sorts of sensors in order to make decisions to adapt system behavior automatically. While in recent years many IoT-based reasoning systems have already been proposed, there are no comprehensive results reporting their performance, particularly in complex environments. As an answer to that challenge, developers often choose an architecture design based on previous experience that have an impact on the system performance and scalability. This paper shows experimental results of a performance analysis study of different implementations of context-aware management architectures for IoT-based smart cities. Results show that different architectural choices affect system scalability and that automatic real time decision-making is feasible in an environment composed of dozens of thousands of sensors continuously transmitting data.

2021 IEEE 18th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)

With the increasing adoption of cloud computing, microservice architecture, and network function ... more With the increasing adoption of cloud computing, microservice architecture, and network function virtualization (NFV), addressing scalability and elasticity management becomes essential. The high demand for these services challenges the research community to create new automated management techniques, from which an essential part is the detection of bottlenecks in infrastructures and application boxes. The traditional approach based on hardware resource metrics (CPU and RAM) is the most straightforward strategy, providing independence from particular applications but may not capture the application's behavior in terms of workload variations. On the other hand, using an application-oriented approach provides a significant correlation with the end-user quality of experience but needs to be tailored for each case. We propose the Network Queuing Assessment (NQA) that breaks away with this tradeoff, capturing the application's workload variations and providing a significant correlation with the end-user quality of experience. Also, similarly to CPU and RAM, it is independent of particular applications. Our performance analysis results for CPU, RAM, and NQA metrics using virtualized applications and network functions in a cloud environment confirm this approach's usefulness.

2021 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP)

2018 23rd Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT)

2020 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)

Anais do Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Ubíqua e Pervasiva (SBCUP)

Context-Aware Management Systems have been proposed in the last years to perform automatic decisi... more Context-Aware Management Systems have been proposed in the last years to perform automatic decision making for the Internet of Things. Although scalability is an indispensable feature for those systems, there are no comprehensive results reporting their performance. This paper shows results of a performance analysis study of different context-aware architectures and introduces the SenSE platform for generating sensor synthetic data. Results show that different architectural choices impact system scalability and that automatic real time decision-making is feasible in an environment composed of dozens of thousands of sensors that continuously transmit data.

Sensors

Layered internet of things (IoT) architectures have been proposed over the last years as they fac... more Layered internet of things (IoT) architectures have been proposed over the last years as they facilitate understanding the roles of different networking, hardware, and software components of smart applications. These are inherently distributed, spanning from devices installed in the field up to a cloud datacenter and further to a user smartphone, passing by intermediary stages at different levels of fog computing infrastructure. However, IoT architectures provide almost no hints on where components should be deployed. IoT Software Platforms derived from the layered architectures are expected to adapt to scenarios with different characteristics, requirements, and constraints from stakeholders and applications. In such a complex environment, a one-size-fits-all approach does not adapt well to varying demands and may hinder the adoption of IoT Smart Applications. In this paper, we propose a 5-layer IoT Architecture and a 5-stage IoT Computing Continuum, as well as provide insights on t...

Sensors

Layered internet of things (IoT) architectures have been proposed over the last years as they fac... more Layered internet of things (IoT) architectures have been proposed over the last years as they facilitate understanding the roles of different networking, hardware, and software components of smart applications. These are inherently distributed, spanning from devices installed in the field up to a cloud datacenter and further to a user smartphone, passing by intermediary stages at different levels of fog computing infrastructure. However, IoT architectures provide almost no hints on where components should be deployed. IoT Software Platforms derived from the layered architectures are expected to adapt to scenarios with different characteristics, requirements, and constraints from stakeholders and applications. In such a complex environment, a one-size-fits-all approach does not adapt well to varying demands and may hinder the adoption of IoT Smart Applications. In this paper, we propose a 5-layer IoT Architecture and a 5-stage IoT Computing Continuum, as well as provide insights on t...

Anais do XXVII Workshop de Gerência e Operação de Redes e Serviços (WGRS 2022)

Ambientes de IoT são complexos, com muitas partes móveis e quantidades significativas de dados. A... more Ambientes de IoT são complexos, com muitas partes móveis e quantidades significativas de dados. Abordagens de monitoramento tradicionais ou domésticas podem não ser escaláveis, ou fornecer entendimento destes ambientes, não provendo observabilidade do sistema. Neste artigo analisamos qualitativamente ferramentas de monitoramento bem conhecidas e estabelecidas em termos de suporte à IoT. Este artigo também propõe uma nova ferramenta de monitoramento de IoT denominada IoTMan Agent, explicando como a ferramenta pode atender demandas específicas de IoT e fornecer o entendimento necessário para gerenciar a complexidade de uma solução de IoT considerando a heterogeneidade e natureza distribuída de tais sistemas.

IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management

Workshop em Clouds e Aplicações, 2019

LoRaWAN is a new technology that has been consolidating as a key data communication component to ... more LoRaWAN is a new technology that has been consolidating as a key data communication component to send data in IoT-based systems, due to its ability to send data over long distances with low energy costs. However, literature considers only wireless aspects, disregarding its computational aspects and its integration with IoT platforms, as well as ignoring the deployment possibilities that involve cloud and fog computing. In order to understand the computational impacts of the LoRa architecture we performed a careful performance evaluation study in a complex IoT scenario, exploring cloud and fog computing scenarios and integrating with the IoT FIWARE platform. The results show that the LoRaWAN architecture is scalable, but it has impacts on system performance.

Multi-Agent Systems - Modeling, Control, Programming, Simulations and Applications, 2011

Anais Estendidos do Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos (SBRC), 2019

The concept of Internet of Things (IoT) comes with a large number of devices linked to the Intern... more The concept of Internet of Things (IoT) comes with a large number of devices linked to the Internet, including urban, industrial and agriculture environment. Managing and monitoring these devices, whether virtual or physical, across multiple hardware and software platforms, is a major challenge. There are market solutions but for specific domain and platforms, overall closed and not customizable. We introduce the IMAIoT, an infrastructure monitoring tool that uses the high scalable IoT's protocol and architecture to publish its metrics. The tools versatility allows to monitor from physical machines in a datacenter to small devices such as fog computing node.

Journal of Network and Systems Management

IoT platforms manage distributed sensors, actuators and data, connecting heterogeneous devices wi... more IoT platforms manage distributed sensors, actuators and data, connecting heterogeneous devices with applications that add value to the collected data. Although there are several IoT platforms, many are complex, unversatile and expensive, still lacking information about their performance and scalability, impairing a direct comparison between them. This article evaluates and compares three open source IoT platforms FIWARE, Konker and ThingsBoard through quantitative metrics to understand their operation, scalability, reliability and hardware resources needed for its operation in city and health scenarios. The results show that greater computational power directly affects the scalability of each platform, but does not directly interfere with the processing time of each message. The results also show that, although the platforms evaluated have similar structures and proposals, their performances are very different, showing that each platform is suitable for a different solution. Resumo....

2018 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), 2018

The concepts of Software Defined Networks (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) have pr... more The concepts of Software Defined Networks (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) have promoted network chaining, or Service Function Chain (SFC), quickly and simply. In dynamic infrastructure scenarios, the management of SFC introduces challenges both for the connection of these elements and for understanding their behavior when automatic elasticity is required. Currently, most existing approaches have addressed this challenge with probabilistic heuristics or AI-based techniques, considering only static management. This paper presents an approach for profiling SFC that can be used for predictive NFV orchestration purposes. We conducted a performance evaluation study based on testbed experimentation and queueing modeling. Our results confirm that an analytical model can be used for managing SFC orchestration, not only as a validation technique for NFV, but also as a heuristic for predictive resource allocation in production environments.

2020 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)

As LoRaWAN has been increasingly used in the Internet of Things (IoT) smart agriculture, efficaci... more As LoRaWAN has been increasingly used in the Internet of Things (IoT) smart agriculture, efficacious deployments of this technology need a clear understanding of its performance and scalability tradeoffs. This paper proposes a two-step methodology to evaluate the performance of LoRaWAN based on simulation for understanding the behavior of the air interface and measurement for understanding the behavior of the IoT Platform. We conducted a performance analysis study in a smart irrigation scenario, varying the distance from sensors to the gateway, the sensor density (number of sensors), and the LoRaWAN spreading factor. Our results show that the LoRa air interface poses the most stringent scalability limits, mainly related to the number of sensors actively transmitting from a farm parcel to the gateway. The IoT Platform adds some delay but does not notably interfere with the overall performance of the solution.

Anais do XXV Workshop de Gerência e Operação de Redes e Serviços (WGRS 2020)

A Virtualização de Funções de Rede (NFV) e o Encadeamento de Funções de Serviço (SFC) fornecem fe... more A Virtualização de Funções de Rede (NFV) e o Encadeamento de Funções de Serviço (SFC) fornecem ferramentas essenciais para a ampla adoção da computação em nuvem, reduzindo o CAPEX e OPEX e possibilitando o gerenciamento autônomo e elástico de serviços. Tradicionalmente as métricas de CPU e Memória são utilizadas para promover a elasticidade, por vezes produzindo equívocos na avaliação da carga destes recursos. Este artigo caracteriza o comportamento de funções de rede e aplicação virtualizadas, explorando novas métricas em experimentos com Firewall, DPI, Proxy, servidor Web e Context Broker de IoT, assim como suas respectivas composições em SFC. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a avaliação das filas TCP permitem uma melhor compreensão do comportamento destas funções, identificando claramente não só o estado atual como a tendência de seu comportamento diante do crescimento no tráfego.

2018 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is getting momentum, which drives us to design solutions able to dea... more The Internet of Things (IoT) is getting momentum, which drives us to design solutions able to deal with huge amounts of data coming from different sorts of sensors in order to make decisions to adapt system behavior automatically. While in recent years many IoT-based reasoning systems have already been proposed, there are no comprehensive results reporting their performance, particularly in complex environments. As an answer to that challenge, developers often choose an architecture design based on previous experience that have an impact on the system performance and scalability. This paper shows experimental results of a performance analysis study of different implementations of context-aware management architectures for IoT-based smart cities. Results show that different architectural choices affect system scalability and that automatic real time decision-making is feasible in an environment composed of dozens of thousands of sensors continuously transmitting data.

2021 IEEE 18th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)

With the increasing adoption of cloud computing, microservice architecture, and network function ... more With the increasing adoption of cloud computing, microservice architecture, and network function virtualization (NFV), addressing scalability and elasticity management becomes essential. The high demand for these services challenges the research community to create new automated management techniques, from which an essential part is the detection of bottlenecks in infrastructures and application boxes. The traditional approach based on hardware resource metrics (CPU and RAM) is the most straightforward strategy, providing independence from particular applications but may not capture the application's behavior in terms of workload variations. On the other hand, using an application-oriented approach provides a significant correlation with the end-user quality of experience but needs to be tailored for each case. We propose the Network Queuing Assessment (NQA) that breaks away with this tradeoff, capturing the application's workload variations and providing a significant correlation with the end-user quality of experience. Also, similarly to CPU and RAM, it is independent of particular applications. Our performance analysis results for CPU, RAM, and NQA metrics using virtualized applications and network functions in a cloud environment confirm this approach's usefulness.

2021 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP)

2018 23rd Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT)

2020 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)

Anais do Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Ubíqua e Pervasiva (SBCUP)

Context-Aware Management Systems have been proposed in the last years to perform automatic decisi... more Context-Aware Management Systems have been proposed in the last years to perform automatic decision making for the Internet of Things. Although scalability is an indispensable feature for those systems, there are no comprehensive results reporting their performance. This paper shows results of a performance analysis study of different context-aware architectures and introduces the SenSE platform for generating sensor synthetic data. Results show that different architectural choices impact system scalability and that automatic real time decision-making is feasible in an environment composed of dozens of thousands of sensors that continuously transmit data.

Sensors

Layered internet of things (IoT) architectures have been proposed over the last years as they fac... more Layered internet of things (IoT) architectures have been proposed over the last years as they facilitate understanding the roles of different networking, hardware, and software components of smart applications. These are inherently distributed, spanning from devices installed in the field up to a cloud datacenter and further to a user smartphone, passing by intermediary stages at different levels of fog computing infrastructure. However, IoT architectures provide almost no hints on where components should be deployed. IoT Software Platforms derived from the layered architectures are expected to adapt to scenarios with different characteristics, requirements, and constraints from stakeholders and applications. In such a complex environment, a one-size-fits-all approach does not adapt well to varying demands and may hinder the adoption of IoT Smart Applications. In this paper, we propose a 5-layer IoT Architecture and a 5-stage IoT Computing Continuum, as well as provide insights on t...

Sensors

Layered internet of things (IoT) architectures have been proposed over the last years as they fac... more Layered internet of things (IoT) architectures have been proposed over the last years as they facilitate understanding the roles of different networking, hardware, and software components of smart applications. These are inherently distributed, spanning from devices installed in the field up to a cloud datacenter and further to a user smartphone, passing by intermediary stages at different levels of fog computing infrastructure. However, IoT architectures provide almost no hints on where components should be deployed. IoT Software Platforms derived from the layered architectures are expected to adapt to scenarios with different characteristics, requirements, and constraints from stakeholders and applications. In such a complex environment, a one-size-fits-all approach does not adapt well to varying demands and may hinder the adoption of IoT Smart Applications. In this paper, we propose a 5-layer IoT Architecture and a 5-stage IoT Computing Continuum, as well as provide insights on t...