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ABSTRACT The paper proposes a framework for more strictly formalized procedure for the functional... more ABSTRACT The paper proposes a framework for more strictly formalized procedure for the functional design of main control room. The approach has been developed on the base of conventional procedure for the functional analysis which is described in the common used standards. This provides a structure for systematization of knowledge acquired during functional and task analysis. All gathered information to be categorized into two classes. Declarative knowledge, such as process parameters, conditions and events describes the plant as a technological system. Procedural knowledge, such as functions, tasks, actions and operations establishes a way to manage the plant. The proposed technique for function and task analysis is aimed at allocation of responsibility among human and machine and at design of operator support system.
Ядерная энергетика, Mar 1, 2016
И з в е с т и я в у з о в • Я д е р н а я э н е р г е т и к а • № 2 • 2 0 1 6 5
AHFE international, 2022
Two alternative interfaces developed for military command and control were evaluated. The theoret... more Two alternative interfaces developed for military command and control were evaluated. The theoretical frameworks and concepts used during their development are discussed, and the findings are related to larger issues in display, interface, and system design. Key aspects of cognitive systems engineering (CSE) and ecological interface design (EID) are discussed. An ecological interface was designed with principles of direct perception, direct manipulation, and visual momentum. An experimental version of an existing interface was also developed. An experiment was conducted with a synthetic task environment that incorporated scenarios of tactical operations. Participants were experienced army officers. Dependent variables included status reports for friendly and enemy resources and activities, subjective workload, and information access. Significant results favoring the ecological interface were obtained for six of seven dependent measures. The ecological interface was easy to learn, easy to use, and dramatically more effective than the existing interface. The results are interpreted from the CSE-EID perspective, but insights from naturalistic decision making and situation awareness are also described. The specific design features of the ecological interface are directly applicable to military command and control and similar domains; the overall CSE-EID approach is applicable to interface design for all work domains.
Advances in intelligent systems and computing, Aug 7, 2018
An approach to prevention of human errors committed by operators during monitoring and control of... more An approach to prevention of human errors committed by operators during monitoring and control of process systems is considered in the present paper. The purpose of the proposed approach is to eliminate the causes of errors and/or to reduce its impact on personnel activity when managing a complex process object. The reports on abnormal events occurred at nuclear power plants were used as a source of information about personnel errors. The events that took place at NPPs in 2009–2016 were analyzed. The events caused by deliberate violation of rules and regulations, lack of training and a poor safety culture were not included in this analysis. In order to categorize human errors, we used two criteria – sequence of operator task performance consisting of five stages and kind of error. These classification criteria form a two-dimensional matrix. Then, twenty-eight typical NPP operator errors extracted from the analysis and publications have been mapped on two-dimensional space. Based on analysis of standards and guidelines in the area of ergonomics and HMI design and taking into account the best practice, the seven principles and methods for error prevention have been proposed. It was shown which kinds of errors can be pre-vented by the use of particular principle. Thus, a set of rules are elaborated that allow HMI designer to choose the way to reduce the risk of human errors.
Вестник кибернетики, 2017
Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal, 2015
Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal, 2017
Taylor & Francis eBooks, Nov 23, 2018
Taylor & Francis eBooks, Jul 24, 2020
Ergonomics design and management, Jun 17, 2009
Ядерная энергетика, Dec 1, 2012
И з в е с т и я в у з о в • Я д е р н а я э н е р г е т и к а • № 4 • 2 0 1 2 4 5
An ergonomics assessment of the control room at Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant has been undertaken... more An ergonomics assessment of the control room at Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant has been undertaken as part of an international project funded by the EU TACIS program. The project was focused on the upgrading of the existing control facilities and the installation of a validation facility to evaluate candidate refurbishment proposals before their implementation at the plant. The ergonomics methodology applied in the investigation was wide ranging and included an analysis of reported events, extensive task analysis (including novel techniques) and validation studies using experienced operators. The paper addresses the potential difficulties for the human operator associated with fully computerized interfaces and shows how the validation facility and the outcomes from ergonomics assessment will be used to minimise any adverse impact on performance that may be caused by proposed control room changes. (authors)
Advances in intelligent systems and computing, Aug 7, 2018
The article covers the issue of information arrangement and presentation in a human–machine inter... more The article covers the issue of information arrangement and presentation in a human–machine interface (HMI) for monitoring and control of complex process systems. Experience shows that there is no universal interface equally efficient in all cases. The article describes the concept of a multi-layered interface with three layers – system, analytical and functional. The same process information may be presented differently in these layers. Each layer is designed to support a certain type of an operator’s cognitive activity: the system layer is meant for control support, the analytical layer – for assistance in the assessment and prediction of situation development, the functional layer – for the support of supervisory activities. Depending on the situation, each layer may be visible, semi-transparent or transparent (disabled). The multi-layered adaptive interface is described with the example of a VDU format for monitoring and control of a coolant circulation loop at a nuclear power plant.
Contemporary Ergonomics 2007
Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 2018
Most publications confirm that an ecological interface is a very efficient tool to supporting ope... more Most publications confirm that an ecological interface is a very efficient tool to supporting operators in recognition of complex and unusual situations and in decision-making. The present article describes the experience of implementation of an ecological interface concept for visualization of material balance in a drum separator of RBMK-type NPPs. Functional analysis of the domain area was carried out and revealed main factors and contributors to the balance. The proposed ecological display was designed to facilitate execution of the most complicated cognitive operations, such as comparison, summarizing, prediction, etc. The experimental series carried out at NPPs demonstrated considerable reduction of operators' mental load, time of reaction, and error rate.
The paper describes categorization of human-system interfaces recently used at nuclear power plan... more The paper describes categorization of human-system interfaces recently used at nuclear power plants. Conventional, ecological, task-based, function-oriented and immersive interface are considered. The relevance of the each type of interface under different operational modes have been evaluated as a result from analysis of the activity to be performed by the operator under normal or abnormal conditions. This provides a conceptual framework of adaptive human-system interface for control of complex industrial systems.
An approach to prevention of human errors committed by operators during monitoring and control of... more An approach to prevention of human errors committed by operators during monitoring and control of process systems is considered in the present paper. The purpose of the proposed approach is to eliminate the causes of errors and/or to reduce its impact on personnel activity when managing a complex process object. The reports on abnormal events occurred at nuclear power plants were used as a source of information about personnel errors. The events that took place at NPPs in 2009–2016 were analyzed. The events caused by deliberate violation of rules and regulations, lack of training and a poor safety culture were not included in this analysis. In order to categorize human errors, we used two criteria – sequence of operator task performance consisting of five stages and kind of error. These classification criteria form a two-dimensional matrix. Then, twenty-eight typical NPP operator errors extracted from the analysis and publications have been mapped on two-dimensional space. Based on ...
ABSTRACT The paper proposes a framework for more strictly formalized procedure for the functional... more ABSTRACT The paper proposes a framework for more strictly formalized procedure for the functional design of main control room. The approach has been developed on the base of conventional procedure for the functional analysis which is described in the common used standards. This provides a structure for systematization of knowledge acquired during functional and task analysis. All gathered information to be categorized into two classes. Declarative knowledge, such as process parameters, conditions and events describes the plant as a technological system. Procedural knowledge, such as functions, tasks, actions and operations establishes a way to manage the plant. The proposed technique for function and task analysis is aimed at allocation of responsibility among human and machine and at design of operator support system.
Ядерная энергетика, Mar 1, 2016
И з в е с т и я в у з о в • Я д е р н а я э н е р г е т и к а • № 2 • 2 0 1 6 5
AHFE international, 2022
Two alternative interfaces developed for military command and control were evaluated. The theoret... more Two alternative interfaces developed for military command and control were evaluated. The theoretical frameworks and concepts used during their development are discussed, and the findings are related to larger issues in display, interface, and system design. Key aspects of cognitive systems engineering (CSE) and ecological interface design (EID) are discussed. An ecological interface was designed with principles of direct perception, direct manipulation, and visual momentum. An experimental version of an existing interface was also developed. An experiment was conducted with a synthetic task environment that incorporated scenarios of tactical operations. Participants were experienced army officers. Dependent variables included status reports for friendly and enemy resources and activities, subjective workload, and information access. Significant results favoring the ecological interface were obtained for six of seven dependent measures. The ecological interface was easy to learn, easy to use, and dramatically more effective than the existing interface. The results are interpreted from the CSE-EID perspective, but insights from naturalistic decision making and situation awareness are also described. The specific design features of the ecological interface are directly applicable to military command and control and similar domains; the overall CSE-EID approach is applicable to interface design for all work domains.
Advances in intelligent systems and computing, Aug 7, 2018
An approach to prevention of human errors committed by operators during monitoring and control of... more An approach to prevention of human errors committed by operators during monitoring and control of process systems is considered in the present paper. The purpose of the proposed approach is to eliminate the causes of errors and/or to reduce its impact on personnel activity when managing a complex process object. The reports on abnormal events occurred at nuclear power plants were used as a source of information about personnel errors. The events that took place at NPPs in 2009–2016 were analyzed. The events caused by deliberate violation of rules and regulations, lack of training and a poor safety culture were not included in this analysis. In order to categorize human errors, we used two criteria – sequence of operator task performance consisting of five stages and kind of error. These classification criteria form a two-dimensional matrix. Then, twenty-eight typical NPP operator errors extracted from the analysis and publications have been mapped on two-dimensional space. Based on analysis of standards and guidelines in the area of ergonomics and HMI design and taking into account the best practice, the seven principles and methods for error prevention have been proposed. It was shown which kinds of errors can be pre-vented by the use of particular principle. Thus, a set of rules are elaborated that allow HMI designer to choose the way to reduce the risk of human errors.
Вестник кибернетики, 2017
Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal, 2015
Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal, 2017
Taylor & Francis eBooks, Nov 23, 2018
Taylor & Francis eBooks, Jul 24, 2020
Ergonomics design and management, Jun 17, 2009
Ядерная энергетика, Dec 1, 2012
И з в е с т и я в у з о в • Я д е р н а я э н е р г е т и к а • № 4 • 2 0 1 2 4 5
An ergonomics assessment of the control room at Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant has been undertaken... more An ergonomics assessment of the control room at Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant has been undertaken as part of an international project funded by the EU TACIS program. The project was focused on the upgrading of the existing control facilities and the installation of a validation facility to evaluate candidate refurbishment proposals before their implementation at the plant. The ergonomics methodology applied in the investigation was wide ranging and included an analysis of reported events, extensive task analysis (including novel techniques) and validation studies using experienced operators. The paper addresses the potential difficulties for the human operator associated with fully computerized interfaces and shows how the validation facility and the outcomes from ergonomics assessment will be used to minimise any adverse impact on performance that may be caused by proposed control room changes. (authors)
Advances in intelligent systems and computing, Aug 7, 2018
The article covers the issue of information arrangement and presentation in a human–machine inter... more The article covers the issue of information arrangement and presentation in a human–machine interface (HMI) for monitoring and control of complex process systems. Experience shows that there is no universal interface equally efficient in all cases. The article describes the concept of a multi-layered interface with three layers – system, analytical and functional. The same process information may be presented differently in these layers. Each layer is designed to support a certain type of an operator’s cognitive activity: the system layer is meant for control support, the analytical layer – for assistance in the assessment and prediction of situation development, the functional layer – for the support of supervisory activities. Depending on the situation, each layer may be visible, semi-transparent or transparent (disabled). The multi-layered adaptive interface is described with the example of a VDU format for monitoring and control of a coolant circulation loop at a nuclear power plant.
Contemporary Ergonomics 2007
Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 2018
Most publications confirm that an ecological interface is a very efficient tool to supporting ope... more Most publications confirm that an ecological interface is a very efficient tool to supporting operators in recognition of complex and unusual situations and in decision-making. The present article describes the experience of implementation of an ecological interface concept for visualization of material balance in a drum separator of RBMK-type NPPs. Functional analysis of the domain area was carried out and revealed main factors and contributors to the balance. The proposed ecological display was designed to facilitate execution of the most complicated cognitive operations, such as comparison, summarizing, prediction, etc. The experimental series carried out at NPPs demonstrated considerable reduction of operators' mental load, time of reaction, and error rate.
The paper describes categorization of human-system interfaces recently used at nuclear power plan... more The paper describes categorization of human-system interfaces recently used at nuclear power plants. Conventional, ecological, task-based, function-oriented and immersive interface are considered. The relevance of the each type of interface under different operational modes have been evaluated as a result from analysis of the activity to be performed by the operator under normal or abnormal conditions. This provides a conceptual framework of adaptive human-system interface for control of complex industrial systems.
An approach to prevention of human errors committed by operators during monitoring and control of... more An approach to prevention of human errors committed by operators during monitoring and control of process systems is considered in the present paper. The purpose of the proposed approach is to eliminate the causes of errors and/or to reduce its impact on personnel activity when managing a complex process object. The reports on abnormal events occurred at nuclear power plants were used as a source of information about personnel errors. The events that took place at NPPs in 2009–2016 were analyzed. The events caused by deliberate violation of rules and regulations, lack of training and a poor safety culture were not included in this analysis. In order to categorize human errors, we used two criteria – sequence of operator task performance consisting of five stages and kind of error. These classification criteria form a two-dimensional matrix. Then, twenty-eight typical NPP operator errors extracted from the analysis and publications have been mapped on two-dimensional space. Based on ...
В учебном пособии описывается сущность структурного подхода к моделированию и разработке автомати... more В учебном пособии описывается сущность структурного подхода к моделированию и разработке автоматизированных систем, рассматриваются методы структурного анализа систем и современный инструментарий для его проведения. Подробно рассматриваются нотации моделирования поведения систем, нотации функционального, информационного и объектно-ориентированного моделирования: IDEF0, IDEF1X, IDEF3, DFD, eEPC, BPMN, Чена, Баркера, Мартина, Бахмана, Петри, UML. Нотации иллюстрируются несколькими сквозными примерами. Пособие предназначено для студентов бакалавриата и магистратуры, обучающихся по направлению «Информатика и вычислительная техника» и изучающих дисциплины «CASE и CALS технология», «Объектно-ориентированное проектирование», «Моделирование и проектирование систем», «Проектирование автоматизированных систем управления».
Атомная станция (АС) рассмотрена как сложная человеко-машинная система. Обсуждаются основные аспе... more Атомная станция (АС) рассмотрена как сложная человеко-машинная система. Обсуждаются основные аспекты обеспечения деятельности оперативного персонала АС, а именно: человеко-машинный интерфейс, рабочая среда, процедуры, обучение и тренировка, средства автоматизации управления АС. Систематизированы основные понятия надежности оператора, выполнен обзор операторских ошибок и их влияния на безопасность АС. Изложены методы моделирования и анализа деятельности оператора. Приведены результаты системного анализа деятельности операторов энергоблока АС с ВВЭР-1000.
Для научных и инженерно-технических работников, специалистов в области человеческого фактора и безопасности в ядерной энергетике и других отраслях промышленности
Рассматриваются методы извлечения, кодирования, обработки и интерпретации экспертных суждений при... more Рассматриваются методы извлечения, кодирования, обработки и интерпретации экспертных суждений применительно к решению задач системного анализа. Выполнена классификация и краткое изложение общеизвестных и оригинальных методик и процедур структурирования и организации экспертиз, анализа согласованности, выделения высокосогласованных групп, представления результатов и др. специальных вопросов. Особое внимание уделено методической проработке материала: даны подробные рекомендации по практическому применению методов; изложение сопровождается примерами и описанием реальных экспертиз по проблемам функционирования атомных станций.
Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов старших курсов факультета кибернетики и физико-энергетического факультета, изучающих дисциплины системного анализа, теории систем, теории принятия решений, управленческого консультирования и др.
В пособии рассматривается эволюция носителей данных, моделей данных и архитектур баз данных. Выпо... more В пособии рассматривается эволюция носителей данных, моделей данных и архитектур баз данных. Выполнен краткий исторический обзор технологий и систем управления базами данных. Представлены современные направления развития баз данных. Описаны основные понятия и разновидности клиент-серверных архитектур. Рассмотрены различные механизмы управления транзакциями.
Для студентов, обучающихся по направлению 230100 «Информатика и вычислительная техника», студентов и аспирантов смежных кибернетических специальностей и направлений, специалистов, занимающихся проектированием и внедрением баз данных.
В пособии излагаются основы технологических и организационно-управленческих аспектов проектирован... more В пособии излагаются основы технологических и организационно-управленческих аспектов проектирования автоматизированных систем обработки информации и управления (АСОИУ). Выполнен обзор понятийного аппарата теории автоматизированного управления. Рассмотрена классификация и структура АСОИУ. Описаны современные концепции жизненного цикла и этапы проектирования АСОИУ. Подробно излагаются методики предпроектного анализа объекта автоматизации. Особое внимание уделяется практическим вопросам решения задач проектирования.
Для студентов, обучающихся по специальности 220200 «Автоматизированные системы обработки информации и управления», студентов и аспирантов смежных кибернетических специальностей и направлений, специалистов, занимающихся проектированием и внедрением АСОИУ.
В пособии излагаются основы управления проектированием автоматизированных систем обработки информ... more В пособии излагаются основы управления проектированием автоматизированных систем обработки информации и управления (АСОИУ). Выполнен обзор основных понятий управления проектами, описан жизненный цикл проекта, рассмотрены фазы планирования и выполнения проекта. Подробно описаны процессы декомпозиции проекта, назначения ресурсов, управления рисками. Даны формальные основы сетевого планирования, приведены методики контроля сроков, затрат и результатов проекта. Большое внимание уделяется специфике проектирования АСОИУ: приводятся нормативы трудоемкости, показана связь между предметно-ориентированными и управленческими процессами, подробно описана инфраструктура проекта, состав и функции исполнителей.
Для студентов, обучающихся по специальности 230102 «Автоматизированные системы обработки информации и управления», студентов и аспирантов смежных кибернетических специальностей и направлений, специалистов, занимающихся проектированием и внедрением АСОИУ.
В пособии излагаются вопросы построения и оформления научно-технических отчетов, содержащих описа... more В пособии излагаются вопросы построения и оформления научно-технических отчетов, содержащих описание проектных решений при создании различных подсистем и видов обеспечения автоматизированных систем. Особое внимание уделяется методам изложения методических аспектов работы, описанию программного и информационно-
го обеспечения. Приводятся структурные схемы и практические рекомендации по выполнению и защите студентами учебных и квалификационных проектных и научно-исследовательских работ. Описываемые в пособии требования к отчетам сформулированы с учетом соответствующих государственных стандартов.
Для студентов, обучающихся по специальностям 220200 Автоматизированные системы обработки информации и управления, 071900 Информационные системы и технологии и направлению 552800 Информатика и вычислительная техника, а также студентов и аспирантов смежных кибернетических специальностей.