Alfio Parisi - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Alfio Parisi
Annual variation of the angular distribution of the UV beneath
Lower body anatomical distribution of solar ultraviolet radiation on the human form in standing a... more Lower body anatomical distribution of solar ultraviolet radiation on the human form in standing and sitting postures
The costs of excessive solar UV exposures are high with over 1 million nonmelanoma cases and 59,9... more The costs of excessive solar UV exposures are high with over 1 million nonmelanoma cases and 59,940 melanoma cases in the USA during 2007 (American Cancer Society, 2008). In 2007, there were 2,740 deaths from nonmelanoma and 8,110 deaths from
Smartphone applications that predict UV radiation exposure are evolving in ways to assist the use... more Smartphone applications that predict UV radiation exposure are evolving in ways to assist the user in determining how much protection from exposure to UV radiation should or might occur. The usefulness of these apps are apparent, yet many do not harness the entire range of capabilities of a smartphone. Research performed at the University of Southern Queensland has been investigating the use of a smartphone in different ways to support new or improve current applications. Smartphones have been shown to detect UVA radiation, and more recently UVB radiation. A review of the advances, and limitations of smartphones will be presented, including consideration of where to go from here.
Photochemistry and photobiology, Jan 7, 2018
Melanoma skin cancer rates in Queensland exceed the national Australian incidence rate, which tog... more Melanoma skin cancer rates in Queensland exceed the national Australian incidence rate, which together with New Zealand are recognised as the world's highest. Incidence is especially high among younger members of the population. In this study, the sun-protective behaviours of urban Queenslanders (n = 752) going about their day-to-day activities during a mid-week noon time hourly period were observed on a summer's day in central Brisbane (27.47° S, 153.03° E), Australia. Observed sun protection practices were poor, given the time of year and peak solar noon-period of the study. More individuals (n=249; 33.1%) were seen wearing sunglasses than a hat (n=101; 13.4%). Ninety-three individuals were actively engaging with mobile phones (phone in hand). A further 231 individuals (30.7%) were observed with a mobile phone on them. Opportunities to modify group behaviour based on mobile phone sun protection notifications and to engage with 'at risk' members of the Queensland po...
International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 2016
International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 2015
Advances in Global Change Research, 2004
The previous chapter has described the details of the spectrum of diffuse ambient solar UV radiat... more The previous chapter has described the details of the spectrum of diffuse ambient solar UV radiation in a number of different environments. This chapter outlines the broadband erythemal UV, UVA and the visible irradiances in the shade of trees. The percentage of these irradiances in the shade compared to those in the sun may change with season and the time of day due to the relative proportions of the direct to diffuse radiation changing with SZA. Consequently, the data from the measurements presented in this chapter will be for different times of the day in each of the seasons. Additionally, the percentage of diffuse broadband erythemal UV and UVA radiation in both full sun and in the shade of trees is compared. The resulting amount and distribution of the personal solar erythemal UV exposures to humans in the tree shade will be discussed.
Advances in Global Change Research, 2004
Changes in the behavior and activity patterns of humans in today’s modern society have altered th... more Changes in the behavior and activity patterns of humans in today’s modern society have altered the patterns of solar UV exposures to humans. Apart from outdoor workers, we have gone from an agricultural outdoor activity based lifestyle to a way of life that is predominantly indoors and technology driven with the periods outdoors due to work breaks and leisure and recreational activities. As a result, the patterns of human UV exposures are changing. In addition to the solar UV exposures while outdoors, there are solar UV exposures resulting from solar UV filtered through window glass as discussed in the previous chapter. Additionally, the structure of our cities is based on neighborhoods located at a distance from the central business district of the cities. These larger distances from home to office are usually traveled via a motor vehicle or other forms of public transport and which may result in solar UV exposures.
Advances in Global Change Research, 2004
The direct, scattered and filtered solar UV radiation leads to the global UV radiation environmen... more The direct, scattered and filtered solar UV radiation leads to the global UV radiation environment that humans are exposed to being comprised of both the direct and the diffuse components. The diffuse component provides a significant proportion of the human UV exposures as it is incident from all directions and difficult to reduce with the usage of hats, tree shade and shade structures. The anatomical distribution of UV exposures to humans is influenced by the relative proportion of diffuse UV. Additionally, the UV exposure to a surface is influenced by the angle of inclination and orientation of the receiving surface. In shade or under cloud, it may possibly be accompanied by an increase in exposure time to humans because of lower temperatures and reduced thermal discomfort and a possible incorrect perception by the public that there is no UV in shade or under cloud.
Advances in Global Change Research, 2004
In Chapter 4 the effect of clouds on solar U V radiation has been studied. Figure 4–1 illustrated... more In Chapter 4 the effect of clouds on solar U V radiation has been studied. Figure 4–1 illustrated the effect of clouds on UV radiation during 1 year of continuous daily erythemal UV measurements at Toowoomba, Australia (27.6°S, 151.9°E, 693 m above sea level). The effect of clouds could be seen by the general decrease of the UV levels from the clear-sky levels (i.e. the maximum envelope of the data points). It has also been mentioned that since the 1960s the measurement of UV radiation at the surface of the earth during cloudy conditions, has sometimes revealed levels exceeding equivalent clear-sky values under cloudy conditions. This is commonly referred to as cloud enhanced UV, the subject of this chapter, and has been reported over different timescales and for different wavelengths. Figure 5–1 illustrates possible cases of UV enhancement on a daily basis, i.e. those data points shown above the equivalent modeled clear-sky values. Sometimes these data points are not confirmed to be actual cases of enhancement, e.g. Bais et al. (1993) found a slight increase of the UV irradiance during partly cloudy conditions compared to clear-sky conditions, however, they could not confirm if this was actual enhancement as the increase was within the instrument’s uncertainty limits.
Advances in Global Change Research, 2004
Transparent screens such as those in vehicle window glass and windscreens, in office and home win... more Transparent screens such as those in vehicle window glass and windscreens, in office and home window glass and in other structures act as a barrier to some of the shorter solar UV wavelengths. As a result, the spectrum of filtered UV may be substantially different from that of the unfiltered solar UV spectrum and the relative ratio of UVA to UVB irradiances can change. Additionally, the spectral transmission of different types of glasses varies with the type of glass and the angle of transmission of the UV through the glass (Bartels and Loxsom, 1995). These changes in the UV spectrum need to be investigated in terms of the spectral dependence of the action spectrum of the biologically effective process being considered.
Advances in Global Change Research, 2004
In 1801 Johann Ritter discovered non-ionizing, electromagnetic, ultraviolet (UV) radiation (Diffe... more In 1801 Johann Ritter discovered non-ionizing, electromagnetic, ultraviolet (UV) radiation (Diffey, 1982) and the effect of clouds on solar UV radiation has been studied as early as the 1930s (e.g. Buttner, 1938), with the most recently published work based on 2 years of continuous UV measurements in Germany (Schwander et al., 2002). Figure 4–1 illustrates the effect of clouds on UV radiation during 1 year of continuous daily erythemal UV measurements from both satellite and ground-based sensors, in this case the satellite-based total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) and ground-based Biometer instrument, both at Toowoomba, Australia (27.6°S, 151.9°E, 693 m above sea level). The effect of clouds can be seen by the general decrease of the UV levels from the clear-sky levels (i.e. the maximum envelope of the data points). Differences between the effects by clouds on UV levels, as measured by satellite versus ground-based, is discussed later in the chapter.
This research presents a novel methodology for deriving the total daily broadband solar UVA (320–... more This research presents a novel methodology for deriving the total daily broadband solar UVA (320–400 nm) received by school teachers during their working day from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite solar noon UVA irradiance measurements for a Queensland subtropical site (27.5°S, 152°E). Daily UVA exposures are weighted to the anatomical human cheek (anterior infra‐orbital region) for teachers wearing and not wearing broad‐brimmed hats. The method utilizes the OMI UVA irradiance data collected daily at high temporal resolution over 2005 to 2016 to derive the total daily UVA exposure to a horizontal plane. These horizontal plane exposures are scaled by factors to take into account the timing of outdoor activity. The relationship between exposures to a horizontal plane and those to a vertical plane and the protection provided by a broad‐brimmed hat was assessed to evaluate the total daily UVA exposures to the cheek for classroom and physical education teaching staff expected t...
Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 2022
Forecast models of solar radiation incorporating cloud effects are useful tools to evaluate the i... more Forecast models of solar radiation incorporating cloud effects are useful tools to evaluate the impact of stochastic behaviour of cloud movement, real-time integration of photovoltaic energy in power grids, skin cancer and eye disease risk minimisation through solar ultraviolet (UV) index prediction and bio-photosynthetic processes through the modelling of solar photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). This research has developed deep learning hybrid model (i.e., CNN-LSTM) to factor in role of cloud effects integrating the merits of convolutional neural networks with long short-term memory networks to forecast near real-time (i.e., 5-min) PPFD in a sub-tropical region Queensland, Australia. The prescribed CLSTM model is trained with real-time sky images that depict stochastic cloud movements captured through a total sky imager (TSI-440) utilising advanced sky image segmentation to reveal cloud chromatic features into their statistical values, and to purposely factor in the cloud v...
Annual variation of the angular distribution of the UV beneath
Lower body anatomical distribution of solar ultraviolet radiation on the human form in standing a... more Lower body anatomical distribution of solar ultraviolet radiation on the human form in standing and sitting postures
The costs of excessive solar UV exposures are high with over 1 million nonmelanoma cases and 59,9... more The costs of excessive solar UV exposures are high with over 1 million nonmelanoma cases and 59,940 melanoma cases in the USA during 2007 (American Cancer Society, 2008). In 2007, there were 2,740 deaths from nonmelanoma and 8,110 deaths from
Smartphone applications that predict UV radiation exposure are evolving in ways to assist the use... more Smartphone applications that predict UV radiation exposure are evolving in ways to assist the user in determining how much protection from exposure to UV radiation should or might occur. The usefulness of these apps are apparent, yet many do not harness the entire range of capabilities of a smartphone. Research performed at the University of Southern Queensland has been investigating the use of a smartphone in different ways to support new or improve current applications. Smartphones have been shown to detect UVA radiation, and more recently UVB radiation. A review of the advances, and limitations of smartphones will be presented, including consideration of where to go from here.
Photochemistry and photobiology, Jan 7, 2018
Melanoma skin cancer rates in Queensland exceed the national Australian incidence rate, which tog... more Melanoma skin cancer rates in Queensland exceed the national Australian incidence rate, which together with New Zealand are recognised as the world's highest. Incidence is especially high among younger members of the population. In this study, the sun-protective behaviours of urban Queenslanders (n = 752) going about their day-to-day activities during a mid-week noon time hourly period were observed on a summer's day in central Brisbane (27.47° S, 153.03° E), Australia. Observed sun protection practices were poor, given the time of year and peak solar noon-period of the study. More individuals (n=249; 33.1%) were seen wearing sunglasses than a hat (n=101; 13.4%). Ninety-three individuals were actively engaging with mobile phones (phone in hand). A further 231 individuals (30.7%) were observed with a mobile phone on them. Opportunities to modify group behaviour based on mobile phone sun protection notifications and to engage with 'at risk' members of the Queensland po...
International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 2016
International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 2015
Advances in Global Change Research, 2004
The previous chapter has described the details of the spectrum of diffuse ambient solar UV radiat... more The previous chapter has described the details of the spectrum of diffuse ambient solar UV radiation in a number of different environments. This chapter outlines the broadband erythemal UV, UVA and the visible irradiances in the shade of trees. The percentage of these irradiances in the shade compared to those in the sun may change with season and the time of day due to the relative proportions of the direct to diffuse radiation changing with SZA. Consequently, the data from the measurements presented in this chapter will be for different times of the day in each of the seasons. Additionally, the percentage of diffuse broadband erythemal UV and UVA radiation in both full sun and in the shade of trees is compared. The resulting amount and distribution of the personal solar erythemal UV exposures to humans in the tree shade will be discussed.
Advances in Global Change Research, 2004
Changes in the behavior and activity patterns of humans in today’s modern society have altered th... more Changes in the behavior and activity patterns of humans in today’s modern society have altered the patterns of solar UV exposures to humans. Apart from outdoor workers, we have gone from an agricultural outdoor activity based lifestyle to a way of life that is predominantly indoors and technology driven with the periods outdoors due to work breaks and leisure and recreational activities. As a result, the patterns of human UV exposures are changing. In addition to the solar UV exposures while outdoors, there are solar UV exposures resulting from solar UV filtered through window glass as discussed in the previous chapter. Additionally, the structure of our cities is based on neighborhoods located at a distance from the central business district of the cities. These larger distances from home to office are usually traveled via a motor vehicle or other forms of public transport and which may result in solar UV exposures.
Advances in Global Change Research, 2004
The direct, scattered and filtered solar UV radiation leads to the global UV radiation environmen... more The direct, scattered and filtered solar UV radiation leads to the global UV radiation environment that humans are exposed to being comprised of both the direct and the diffuse components. The diffuse component provides a significant proportion of the human UV exposures as it is incident from all directions and difficult to reduce with the usage of hats, tree shade and shade structures. The anatomical distribution of UV exposures to humans is influenced by the relative proportion of diffuse UV. Additionally, the UV exposure to a surface is influenced by the angle of inclination and orientation of the receiving surface. In shade or under cloud, it may possibly be accompanied by an increase in exposure time to humans because of lower temperatures and reduced thermal discomfort and a possible incorrect perception by the public that there is no UV in shade or under cloud.
Advances in Global Change Research, 2004
In Chapter 4 the effect of clouds on solar U V radiation has been studied. Figure 4–1 illustrated... more In Chapter 4 the effect of clouds on solar U V radiation has been studied. Figure 4–1 illustrated the effect of clouds on UV radiation during 1 year of continuous daily erythemal UV measurements at Toowoomba, Australia (27.6°S, 151.9°E, 693 m above sea level). The effect of clouds could be seen by the general decrease of the UV levels from the clear-sky levels (i.e. the maximum envelope of the data points). It has also been mentioned that since the 1960s the measurement of UV radiation at the surface of the earth during cloudy conditions, has sometimes revealed levels exceeding equivalent clear-sky values under cloudy conditions. This is commonly referred to as cloud enhanced UV, the subject of this chapter, and has been reported over different timescales and for different wavelengths. Figure 5–1 illustrates possible cases of UV enhancement on a daily basis, i.e. those data points shown above the equivalent modeled clear-sky values. Sometimes these data points are not confirmed to be actual cases of enhancement, e.g. Bais et al. (1993) found a slight increase of the UV irradiance during partly cloudy conditions compared to clear-sky conditions, however, they could not confirm if this was actual enhancement as the increase was within the instrument’s uncertainty limits.
Advances in Global Change Research, 2004
Transparent screens such as those in vehicle window glass and windscreens, in office and home win... more Transparent screens such as those in vehicle window glass and windscreens, in office and home window glass and in other structures act as a barrier to some of the shorter solar UV wavelengths. As a result, the spectrum of filtered UV may be substantially different from that of the unfiltered solar UV spectrum and the relative ratio of UVA to UVB irradiances can change. Additionally, the spectral transmission of different types of glasses varies with the type of glass and the angle of transmission of the UV through the glass (Bartels and Loxsom, 1995). These changes in the UV spectrum need to be investigated in terms of the spectral dependence of the action spectrum of the biologically effective process being considered.
Advances in Global Change Research, 2004
In 1801 Johann Ritter discovered non-ionizing, electromagnetic, ultraviolet (UV) radiation (Diffe... more In 1801 Johann Ritter discovered non-ionizing, electromagnetic, ultraviolet (UV) radiation (Diffey, 1982) and the effect of clouds on solar UV radiation has been studied as early as the 1930s (e.g. Buttner, 1938), with the most recently published work based on 2 years of continuous UV measurements in Germany (Schwander et al., 2002). Figure 4–1 illustrates the effect of clouds on UV radiation during 1 year of continuous daily erythemal UV measurements from both satellite and ground-based sensors, in this case the satellite-based total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) and ground-based Biometer instrument, both at Toowoomba, Australia (27.6°S, 151.9°E, 693 m above sea level). The effect of clouds can be seen by the general decrease of the UV levels from the clear-sky levels (i.e. the maximum envelope of the data points). Differences between the effects by clouds on UV levels, as measured by satellite versus ground-based, is discussed later in the chapter.
This research presents a novel methodology for deriving the total daily broadband solar UVA (320–... more This research presents a novel methodology for deriving the total daily broadband solar UVA (320–400 nm) received by school teachers during their working day from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite solar noon UVA irradiance measurements for a Queensland subtropical site (27.5°S, 152°E). Daily UVA exposures are weighted to the anatomical human cheek (anterior infra‐orbital region) for teachers wearing and not wearing broad‐brimmed hats. The method utilizes the OMI UVA irradiance data collected daily at high temporal resolution over 2005 to 2016 to derive the total daily UVA exposure to a horizontal plane. These horizontal plane exposures are scaled by factors to take into account the timing of outdoor activity. The relationship between exposures to a horizontal plane and those to a vertical plane and the protection provided by a broad‐brimmed hat was assessed to evaluate the total daily UVA exposures to the cheek for classroom and physical education teaching staff expected t...
Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 2022
Forecast models of solar radiation incorporating cloud effects are useful tools to evaluate the i... more Forecast models of solar radiation incorporating cloud effects are useful tools to evaluate the impact of stochastic behaviour of cloud movement, real-time integration of photovoltaic energy in power grids, skin cancer and eye disease risk minimisation through solar ultraviolet (UV) index prediction and bio-photosynthetic processes through the modelling of solar photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). This research has developed deep learning hybrid model (i.e., CNN-LSTM) to factor in role of cloud effects integrating the merits of convolutional neural networks with long short-term memory networks to forecast near real-time (i.e., 5-min) PPFD in a sub-tropical region Queensland, Australia. The prescribed CLSTM model is trained with real-time sky images that depict stochastic cloud movements captured through a total sky imager (TSI-440) utilising advanced sky image segmentation to reveal cloud chromatic features into their statistical values, and to purposely factor in the cloud v...