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Papers by Alfredo Salmaso

Research paper thumbnail of CV - ALFREDO SALMASO

Thesis Chapters by Alfredo Salmaso

Research paper thumbnail of A SOFT BREXIT_Alfredo Salmaso

Table of Contents Chapter I - Towards the referendum 1. A special membership 2. The UKIP struggl... more Table of Contents
Chapter I - Towards the referendum
1. A special membership
2. The UKIP struggle
3. The new Tories: David Cameron & Boris Johnson
4. The age of referendum

Chapter II - The Brexit referendum
1. The commitment for a Brexit referendum
2. The main issues of the referendum
3. Negotiations ahead of the UK's EU referendum
4. Overviews of the campaigns

Chapter III – The day after
1. The result of the referendum
2. The European reaction to Brexit
3. A sociological explanation to Brexit

Chapter IV - The legal route to Brexit
1. The Half-membership
2. The Greenland case
3. Analysis of the Article 50 TEU

Chapter V – The current situation
1. A new Government for the UK
2. The divisions inside the EU

Chapter VI – The possible scenarios
1. Comeback to the WTO tariffs
2. Set a Free Trade Agreement
3. Join the EFTA
4. A continental partnership
5. A Soft Brexit

Introduction – the methodological approach
At the time this publication was written the British referendum on the European Union membership has outlined the intention of the United Kingdom to leave the Union. The most important event of European Integration (or disintegration) happened totally unexpected, leaving stunned, a lot of experts and politicians. However, with the in hindsight, the outcome of the vote has a deep root in the process of European integration of the United Kingdom.
Analyzing the history during its current evolution, this publication will be based more on information coming from the main European newspapers (Politico, Euractiv, EUObserver, The Guardian, The Express, the Independent, The Express, The Mirror, La Repubblica, Le Monde, Der Spiegel) and publications from the National and European Institution (the UK Parliament, the Scottish Parliament, the UK Electoral Commission, the European Council, the European Commission, the European Parliament, Eurobarometer) such as briefing, in-deep analysis and studies. Textbooks (like “Come Uscire dall Globalizzazione”, “Diritto dell'Unione Europea Manuale di diritto privato europeo”, “Diritto privato dell'Unione Europea”) were used as basis to develop deeper review of the sociological, political and legal challenge of the issue.
The first part of this publication will trace the history of this path, starting from the early disputes over the European Community membership, which leaded the UK to have a special membership within the Community. An open wound at the heart of Europe, ignored for a long time. Then, this publication will give an overview of the process of growth of the British Eurosceptic parties from the ’80 until now. Crossing the Cameron Conservatives Governments, it will be clear how the claims of independence from the European bloc have passed from a radical opposition to the mainstream. After the Lisbon process, they have been slowly absorbed by the Tory Party, obliging the UK Premier to hold a referendum to avoid the split of the party and then to lose the general election. The inexorable fate will fall over the British PM, even its attempt to make an agreement with the EU to gain the favor of the voters. The public opinion remained spellbound by the fairy tales told by Farage and Johnson (leaders of the Leave campaign). Using a coarse language and frightening statistics (generally counterfeit) they captivated audiences as the bad guys of a reality show. The clumsy attempts of Cameron to oppose to them using economic and political reasons were simply useless. The analysis of the referendum outcome will be the cue for the final conclusion on the sociological process which led to Brexit.
The second part will address the current political challenges to find the most suitable agreement for the UK after it will have left the Union. The starting point will be the legal route to leave the EU. As no other countries have ever exited the bloc, there is uncertainty over the outcome. Some experts wrongly decided to use the Article 48 TEU (revision of the treaties) instead of the exit clause designed by Article 50 TEU. The history of Greenland, the only country (but not Member State) which has left the bloc, will introduce the political and legislative challenges to it. The new UK Government of Theresa May committed to create a new Global Britain after a Hard Brexit, coming back to the WTO tariffs. On the European side, divisions between and within the Member States and the Institutions on the future of Europe are seriously harming the future of the Union itself, letting the populist and Eurosceptic movements grow undisturbed. A deep analysis of the main possible scenarios for the UK out of the Union, led to the conclusion that the only one which could address both the demands of the UK and the EU is a Soft-Brexit. This would be reached with a permission to the UK to join the EFTA, the smaller twin of the European Union. This will allow the UK to have a safe international environment inside which it could realize a transition, after the leave. The relationships with the rest of the Union will be organized under specific sectorial agreements, as it stands now for the Swiss. In parallel to the negotiation process (which will also be pictured until the beginning of October 2016), the European Union should start the discussion over its future. Because Brexit is not only a matter of the English people, but it goes far beyond the purpose of this publication.

Research paper thumbnail of A SOFT BREXIT_Alfredo Salmaso

Table of Contents Chapter I - Towards the referendum 1. A special membership 2. The UKIP struggl... more Table of Contents
Chapter I - Towards the referendum
1. A special membership
2. The UKIP struggle
3. The new Tories: David Cameron & Boris Johnson
4. The age of referendum

Chapter II - The Brexit referendum
1. The commitment for a Brexit referendum
2. The main issues of the referendum
3. Negotiations ahead of the UK's EU referendum
4. Overviews of the campaigns

Chapter III – The day after
1. The result of the referendum
2. The European reaction to Brexit
3. A sociological explanation to Brexit

Chapter IV - The legal route to Brexit
1. The Half-membership
2. The Greenland case
3. Analysis of the Article 50 TEU

Chapter V – The current situation
1. A new Government for the UK
2. The divisions inside the EU

Chapter VI – The possible scenarios
1. Comeback to the WTO tariffs
2. Set a Free Trade Agreement
3. Join the EFTA
4. A continental partnership
5. A Soft Brexit

Introduction – the methodological approach
At the time this publication was written the British referendum on the European Union membership has outlined the intention of the United Kingdom to leave the Union. The most important event of European Integration (or disintegration) happened totally unexpected, leaving stunned, a lot of experts and politicians. However, with the in hindsight, the outcome of the vote has a deep root in the process of European integration of the United Kingdom.
Analyzing the history during its current evolution, this publication will be based more on information coming from the main European newspapers (Politico, Euractiv, EUObserver, The Guardian, The Express, the Independent, The Express, The Mirror, La Repubblica, Le Monde, Der Spiegel) and publications from the National and European Institution (the UK Parliament, the Scottish Parliament, the UK Electoral Commission, the European Council, the European Commission, the European Parliament, Eurobarometer) such as briefing, in-deep analysis and studies. Textbooks (like “Come Uscire dall Globalizzazione”, “Diritto dell'Unione Europea Manuale di diritto privato europeo”, “Diritto privato dell'Unione Europea”) were used as basis to develop deeper review of the sociological, political and legal challenge of the issue.
The first part of this publication will trace the history of this path, starting from the early disputes over the European Community membership, which leaded the UK to have a special membership within the Community. An open wound at the heart of Europe, ignored for a long time. Then, this publication will give an overview of the process of growth of the British Eurosceptic parties from the ’80 until now. Crossing the Cameron Conservatives Governments, it will be clear how the claims of independence from the European bloc have passed from a radical opposition to the mainstream. After the Lisbon process, they have been slowly absorbed by the Tory Party, obliging the UK Premier to hold a referendum to avoid the split of the party and then to lose the general election. The inexorable fate will fall over the British PM, even its attempt to make an agreement with the EU to gain the favor of the voters. The public opinion remained spellbound by the fairy tales told by Farage and Johnson (leaders of the Leave campaign). Using a coarse language and frightening statistics (generally counterfeit) they captivated audiences as the bad guys of a reality show. The clumsy attempts of Cameron to oppose to them using economic and political reasons were simply useless. The analysis of the referendum outcome will be the cue for the final conclusion on the sociological process which led to Brexit.
The second part will address the current political challenges to find the most suitable agreement for the UK after it will have left the Union. The starting point will be the legal route to leave the EU. As no other countries have ever exited the bloc, there is uncertainty over the outcome. Some experts wrongly decided to use the Article 48 TEU (revision of the treaties) instead of the exit clause designed by Article 50 TEU. The history of Greenland, the only country (but not Member State) which has left the bloc, will introduce the political and legislative challenges to it. The new UK Government of Theresa May committed to create a new Global Britain after a Hard Brexit, coming back to the WTO tariffs. On the European side, divisions between and within the Member States and the Institutions on the future of Europe are seriously harming the future of the Union itself, letting the populist and Eurosceptic movements grow undisturbed. A deep analysis of the main possible scenarios for the UK out of the Union, led to the conclusion that the only one which could address both the demands of the UK and the EU is a Soft-Brexit. This would be reached with a permission to the UK to join the EFTA, the smaller twin of the European Union. This will allow the UK to have a safe international environment inside which it could realize a transition, after the leave. The relationships with the rest of the Union will be organized under specific sectorial agreements, as it stands now for the Swiss. In parallel to the negotiation process (which will also be pictured until the beginning of October 2016), the European Union should start the discussion over its future. Because Brexit is not only a matter of the English people, but it goes far beyond the purpose of this publication.