Ali Farooq Al-Mayoof - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ali Farooq Al-Mayoof

Research paper thumbnail of Late onset Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports, 2018

Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (IHPS) is one of the most common surgical conditions of t... more Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (IHPS) is one of the most common surgical conditions of the newborn. It occurs at a rate of 1-4 per 1000 live births. Males are affected more often with a 4:1 male-to-female ratio. Risk factors for IHPS include family history, gender, younger maternal age, being a first-born infant, and maternal feeding patterns. The classic presentation of IHPS is nonbilious, projectile vomiting in a full-term neonate who is between 2 and 8 weeks old. Premature infants are diagnosed with IHPS later than term or post-term infants. The authors are reporting a case of IHPS in a 7 month old female baby weighing 3.8 kg presented with nonbilious vomiting, where history, examination and investigations support the diagnosis and Ramstedt's pyloromyotomy was performed. The case history is presented and discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

The Lancet, 2021

Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than... more Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung's disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung's disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58•0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36-39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2•8 kg (2•3-3•3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39•8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20•4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5•6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0•0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90•0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31•9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1•4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0•0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2•78 [95% CI 1•88-4•11], p<0•0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2•11 [1•59-2•79], p<0•0001), sepsis at presentation (1•20 [1•04-1•40], p=0•016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4-5 vs ASA 1-2, 1•82 [1•40-2•35], p<0•0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1-2, 1•58, [1•30-1•92], p<0•0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1•39 [1•02-1•90], p=0•035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1•96, [1•41-2•71], p=0•0001; parenteral nutrition 1•35, [1•05-1•74], p=0•018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0•61, [0•47-0•79], p=0•0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0•65 [0•50-0•86], p=0•0024) or percutaneous central line (0•69 [0•48-1•00], p=0•049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030. Funding Wellcome Trust.

Research paper thumbnail of Propranolol therapy in infantile hemangioma: correlation of age and duration of treatment to the outcomes

Annals of Pediatric Surgery, 2019

Background Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the commonest vascular tumor affecting children that appe... more Background Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the commonest vascular tumor affecting children that appears in the first 2 weeks of life and follows a proliferative phase that continues during the first year of life. After then, it undergoes involution, which lasts for several months or years depending on the size, site, gender, and development of complications. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the correlation of age and duration of propranolol therapy to the outcomes of infantile hemangioma. Methods A prospective study included 28 patients with IH in which the propranolol therapy was initiated in a dose of 3 mg/kg/day divided into two to three doses. The surface area of IH was calculated monthly using AutoCAD software. Treatment with propranolol was discontinued when there was no more decrease in the surface area for two consecutive visits. Eleven males and 17 females completed the study. The age at initiation of therapy ranged from 2 to 16 months while at the end of ...

Research paper thumbnail of Left-Sided Amyand Hernia: Report of Two Cases with Review of Literature

European Journal of Pediatric Surgery Reports, 2013

The presence of the vermiform appendix in an inguinal hernial sac is called "Amyand" Hernia, whic... more The presence of the vermiform appendix in an inguinal hernial sac is called "Amyand" Hernia, which is a rare condition especially in children. The authors are reporting two cases of left-sided Amyand hernia in infants presented with symptoms and signs of obstructed inguinal hernia. Emergency appendectomy and herniotomy were performed. The patients were followed up for 4 to 6 months without complications. The case histories are presented, and the conditions discussed with review of the literature.

Research paper thumbnail of Late onset Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports, 2018

Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (IHPS) is one of the most common surgical conditions of t... more Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (IHPS) is one of the most common surgical conditions of the newborn. It occurs at a rate of 1-4 per 1000 live births. Males are affected more often with a 4:1 male-to-female ratio. Risk factors for IHPS include family history, gender, younger maternal age, being a first-born infant, and maternal feeding patterns. The classic presentation of IHPS is nonbilious, projectile vomiting in a full-term neonate who is between 2 and 8 weeks old. Premature infants are diagnosed with IHPS later than term or post-term infants. The authors are reporting a case of IHPS in a 7 month old female baby weighing 3.8 kg presented with nonbilious vomiting, where history, examination and investigations support the diagnosis and Ramstedt's pyloromyotomy was performed. The case history is presented and discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

The Lancet, 2021

Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than... more Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung's disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung's disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58•0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36-39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2•8 kg (2•3-3•3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39•8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20•4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5•6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0•0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90•0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31•9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1•4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0•0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2•78 [95% CI 1•88-4•11], p<0•0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2•11 [1•59-2•79], p<0•0001), sepsis at presentation (1•20 [1•04-1•40], p=0•016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4-5 vs ASA 1-2, 1•82 [1•40-2•35], p<0•0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1-2, 1•58, [1•30-1•92], p<0•0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1•39 [1•02-1•90], p=0•035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1•96, [1•41-2•71], p=0•0001; parenteral nutrition 1•35, [1•05-1•74], p=0•018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0•61, [0•47-0•79], p=0•0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0•65 [0•50-0•86], p=0•0024) or percutaneous central line (0•69 [0•48-1•00], p=0•049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030. Funding Wellcome Trust.

Research paper thumbnail of Propranolol therapy in infantile hemangioma: correlation of age and duration of treatment to the outcomes

Annals of Pediatric Surgery, 2019

Background Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the commonest vascular tumor affecting children that appe... more Background Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the commonest vascular tumor affecting children that appears in the first 2 weeks of life and follows a proliferative phase that continues during the first year of life. After then, it undergoes involution, which lasts for several months or years depending on the size, site, gender, and development of complications. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the correlation of age and duration of propranolol therapy to the outcomes of infantile hemangioma. Methods A prospective study included 28 patients with IH in which the propranolol therapy was initiated in a dose of 3 mg/kg/day divided into two to three doses. The surface area of IH was calculated monthly using AutoCAD software. Treatment with propranolol was discontinued when there was no more decrease in the surface area for two consecutive visits. Eleven males and 17 females completed the study. The age at initiation of therapy ranged from 2 to 16 months while at the end of ...

Research paper thumbnail of Left-Sided Amyand Hernia: Report of Two Cases with Review of Literature

European Journal of Pediatric Surgery Reports, 2013

The presence of the vermiform appendix in an inguinal hernial sac is called "Amyand" Hernia, whic... more The presence of the vermiform appendix in an inguinal hernial sac is called "Amyand" Hernia, which is a rare condition especially in children. The authors are reporting two cases of left-sided Amyand hernia in infants presented with symptoms and signs of obstructed inguinal hernia. Emergency appendectomy and herniotomy were performed. The patients were followed up for 4 to 6 months without complications. The case histories are presented, and the conditions discussed with review of the literature.