Aliyu Usman - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Aliyu Usman
Loudness is a subjective measure of how loud an audio signal is perceived. Due to commercial pres... more Loudness is a subjective measure of how loud an audio signal is perceived. Due to commercial pressures loudness has been exploited in broadcasts to attract and reach viewers and listeners. Sudden changes in loudness between television channels and programs are significant causes of nuisance for the consumers. With the transition from analogue to digital TV, loudness related issues are on the rise hence, the need for objective and accurate techniques for digital broadcast. The measurement of perceived loudness is difficult yet an important task. Many research efforts have been introduced for objective measurement and equalization of the loudness of audio channel or program in order to facilitate program delivery. In this paper, broadcast contents were examined to discover where loudness occurs in a program and how to achieve equal average loudness between broadcast programs. A modified scheme was developed based on a standard set by ITU- Radio and European Broadcasting Union by incor...
Advances on Computational Intelligence in Energy, 2019
Heterogeneous network (HetNet) deployment is a promising technique for improving energy efficienc... more Heterogeneous network (HetNet) deployment is a promising technique for improving energy efficiency in 4G and beyond wireless cellular systems. The major challenge of enhancing energy efficiency in HetNet is a poor cell selection when the conventional reference signal received power (RSRP) or biased RSRP (BRSRP) cell selection algorithm is employed. These cell selection techniques limit the potential of HetNet in improving transmission energy efficiency. The proposed energy-efficient bias setting strategy is an adaptive BRSRP cell selection algorithm. It uses energy efficiency as cell load metric for adaptive picocell range extension (CRE). The algorithm efficiently estimates the varying energy efficiency in each cell, then, based on the optimality gap of the energy efficiency, it adopts an optimized bias value per cell. Simulations using LTE system level simulator shows the proposed adaptive bias setting improves energy efficiency, average UE throughput and system capacity by 6.7, 9...
In this paper, we developed an adaptive algorithm for improved bandwidth utilization in a GSM net... more In this paper, we developed an adaptive algorithm for improved bandwidth utilization in a GSM network and to reduce congestion. The work adopted the joint scheme based on call admission control (CAC), bandwidth degradation and load balancing techniques, while using Dijkstra algorithm to determine the shortest path to route calls among the collocated base station cells. The developed joint scheme algorithm is implemented using NetBeans IDE 6.9.1 platform to generate call traffic so as to obtain call parameters results, including NCBP and HCDP values of interest. These performance metrics namely, New Call Blocking Probability (NCBP) and Handover Call Dropping Probability (HCDP) were evaluated to determine the results prior to, and after, the application of the joint scheme algorithm. Simulation results shows that call blocking and call dropping reduced by 48.3% and 52.3% respectively of the algorithms used before and after the application of joint scheme. This signifies that the devel...
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is a type of wireless network that is made up of mobile nodes whi... more Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is a type of wireless network that is made up of mobile nodes which coordinate themselves without the help of a central coordinator. The network topology changes as nodes are mobile. One of the major challenges of MANET is limited bandwidth which tends to mitigate the Quality of Service (QoS) of the network as users are not satisfied. A variety of routing protocols has been employed aiming at improving the throughput of the network in order to meet user demands. This paper proposes the development of a throughput efficient Ad-hoc On demand Distance Vector (TE-AODV) routing protocol targeted towards improving the QoS of MANET by mitigating network overhead. In this work, all nodes are assumed to be transmitting while calculating their Instant Processing State (IPS) using the concept of knapsack problem. A threshold value for node IPS is set and any node below the set threshold value is not considered during data transmission. An improved Location Aide...
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2014
ABSTRACT Conference code: 87845, Export Date: 22 January 2013, Source: Scopus, Language of Origin... more ABSTRACT Conference code: 87845, Export Date: 22 January 2013, Source: Scopus, Language of Original Document: English, Correspondence Address: Usman, A.D.; Centre of Excellence on Lightning Protection (CELP), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, References: Hamadoun, T., Strong global mobile cellular growth across all regions (2010) International Telecommunication Union Mobile World Congress, , Bercelona;, Sponsors: EPL; CST; DIRECTEVENT; CNRS; SUPELEC
Bioelectromagnetics, 2009
We investigated the possible influence of 900 MHz GSM-modulated EMF on neuron development in cult... more We investigated the possible influence of 900 MHz GSM-modulated EMF on neuron development in culture and on viability and vulnerability to in vitro models for neurodegenerative diseases
Previous generations of wireless technologies from 0G through 4G used synchronous data transmissi... more Previous generations of wireless technologies from 0G through 4G used synchronous data transmission for multiple users, which made it difficult to accommodate recent wireless devices and increasing user demands. The Fifth Generation (5G) network standardized by the year 2020 was designed to harmonize the use of asynchronous transmission. This is to accommodate not only new devices and multiple users, but also different type of users. In this regard, so many mitigation schemes were developed to meet the 5G and 5G-A expectations but suffered one limitation or the other, such as Inter Symbol Interference (ISI), Inter Channel Interference (ICI), Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR), and more. Each limitation had serious damaging effect on the performance of the 5G network because the techniques were not appropriate. Hence, this paper, presented a novel Feedback Filtered Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (FF-OFDM) scheme with performance indices of Bit Error Rate (BER) and Signal ...
ATBU Journal of Science, Technology and Education, 2020
This research work has developed a robust digital image watermarking algorithm using lifting wave... more This research work has developed a robust digital image watermarking algorithm using lifting wavelet transform technique for copyright protection to address the problem of watermark distortion during embedding and extracting processes and easy removal of watermark. The improvement in this work is predicated on the replacement of conventional discrete wavelet transform with lifting wavelet transform for more efficient decomposition and minimal embedding and extraction time without significant trade-off in the performance indices as compared to other image watermarking algorithms that used 2-D transformation such as DWT, DCT, SVD or combination of two or all of these transform methods for image transformation. These transforms have been identified to possess limited properties that make them less efficient. The watermark embedding was carried out by embedding the watermark in the Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT) coefficients of each 2 x 2 blocks decomposed. The algorithm was implemente...
Nigerian Journal of Technological Development, 2018
The problem of load imbalance in HetNets among wireless access technologies is addressed in this ... more The problem of load imbalance in HetNets among wireless access technologies is addressed in this article. A two-step strategy algorithm was adopted in this work, which considers both load and bandwidth. The first step is a randomized algorithm based on the Monte Carlo scheduling strategy while the second step was a load leveling algorithm that used the brute force method to classify the load on access technologies as average, below average and above average. The obtained results when compared to those of Least Connected Algorithm (LCA) performed better. The results achieved a global load balancing fairness of 0.9119 which was 12.37% better than LCA. The significance of the achieved result translates to better resource utilization among the wireless access technologies and better Quality of Service (QoS) for users.
͞Transmission of multicast traffic (such as video, data and voice services over World Wide Intero... more ͞Transmission of multicast traffic (such as video, data and voice services over World Wide Interoperability for Micro Wave Access “WiMAX” aims to make multicast traffic available to users anywhere, anytime and on any device. The major challenges of transmitting wireless traffic over WiMAX network through convention multicast schemes are throughput fluctuation (Variations) among the subscribers within the network coverage, unfair distribution of network resources, delay, delay jitter and packet drop because they are placed in different locations from the Base Station. These inefficiencies are as a result of different fading and path losses in time-varying wireless channel experience by the Subscribers. Scheduling algorithms are mainly responsible for utilization of available resources that are obtained in the network in order to ensure the desire quality of service, among those scheduling algorithms are Round Robin, Max Rate, first in first out, Maximum Throughput, proportional fairn...
International journal of engineering research and technology, 2015
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the leading causes of infertility in the world, but ... more Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the leading causes of infertility in the world, but is a preventable disease when detected early. Detection of follicles in ultrasound images of the ovary is required for the diagnosis of PCOS. The manual method of detecting follicles is time consuming, laborious, error-prone and inconvenient for patients. However, methods used by the existing automated systems often lead to a reduction in accuracy, sensitivity and specificity due to the irregular and jagged edges of the follicles. This research work aims at achieving an improved specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of the system. In this report, a new technique for the automatic detection of follicles is implemented. Lee filter was used to despeckle the ultrasound images. Multiple features were then extracted from the images. Further, twelve of these features were selected as optimal values by the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. Then, these features were fed as input to the Multi...
Bluetooth is a technology that has been widely used for transferring data and files within a shor... more Bluetooth is a technology that has been widely used for transferring data and files within a short distance range using electromagnetic energy. Hence, it has raised public awareness on the radiation of the Bluetooth devices. This study quantifies the thermal effect by investigating electromagnetic field exposure during and after a call is made using three different mobile phone models, with three different modes of operation. An infrared thermal camera was used to obtain thermal images of the right ear- face region of a human during and after a call is made. It is shown that mobile phone usages with Bluetooth connection contribute the lowest to the right ear-face region surface temperature rise compared to wired hands free and direct contact modes. The right ear-face region temperature rise is found to be the highest using wired hands free. Also, it is demonstrated that exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic field due to the usages of Bluetooth and direct contact modes for all ...
ATBU Journal of Science, Technology and Education, 2020
Follicle is a sac filled with fluid in the woman’s reproductive organ and it usually appears dark... more Follicle is a sac filled with fluid in the woman’s reproductive organ and it usually appears darker compared to other objects in the ovary. The ovarian follicles and their sizes are imaged by ultrasound machine. The detection of these follicles is affected usually by other organs such as tissues, blood vessels contained in the ovary. Thus, the need to process the image using appropriate method in order to detect, and extract the required features for better classification of the follicles and non-follicles present in the ovarian image. Feature extraction is a major task in follicles classification of scanned image, therefore proper analysis of image features provides useful information that aid detection of follicle and non-follicle spot in the ovary. This work considers an Improved Salp Swarm Algorithm known as Elite Opposition Based Learning Salp Swarm Algorithm to select features with best fitness from the extracted features. The selected features were served as input to the Mult...
In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of energy efficiency for traffic load balancing using cel... more In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of energy efficiency for traffic load balancing using cell range expansion (CRE) for Pico cells is presented. The study focused on evaluating the energy efficiency for traffic load balance of Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) deployment scenario. Energy efficiency was modeled as ratio of total throughput to power consumption, thus power consumption is evaluated using base station power consumption parameters. Throughput is modeled based on the Signal Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) link adaption, considering spatial distribution of User Equipment (UE). Simulations were carried out using 3 Generation partnership (3GPP) Long Term evolution (LTE) system level simulator. The result obtained have shown that, for some traffic situations, the energy efficiency improves with balanced traffic load which further provided more insight for successful deployment of green heterogeneous cellular network. Keywords—Heterogeneous Networkt; Pico Cell Range Expa...
ATBU Journal of Science, Technology and Education, 2019
As a result of increasing demand on telecommunications services, networks suffer low speed and hi... more As a result of increasing demand on telecommunications services, networks suffer low speed and high latency. These seriously affect the performance of the network due to the presents of high burden on the existing multiplexing techniques such as Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) to deliver high speed data rates. Hence, the ever increasing demand for high speed and low latency data communications by mobile users define future features of networks to ease the burden on the existing multiple access techniques by significantly offering high data rates through multiplexing of multiple users over the same channel at the same time and frequency using Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) in 5G systems. The research developed an improved resources allocation scheme for NOMA fifth Generation (5G) systems. The multiplexing of users on the same frequency band in NOMA makes it possible to have higher sum rate than the conventional OMA technique. This high sum rate can only be guaranteed through ...
ATBU Journal of Science, Technology and Education, 2019
This research work presents an enhanced Scheduler Algorithm using a Modified Searching of Time Sl... more This research work presents an enhanced Scheduler Algorithm using a Modified Searching of Time Slot and Frequency Assignment Approach for Radio Frequency Identification Dense Reader Environment (RFID-DRE). The problem of RFID in a Dense Reader Environment (DRE) is interference between readers as a result of collision between the frequencies of the different readers operating concurrently. This interference prevents the correct identification of tags, which causes degradation of the system performance. To resolve this impairment, a scheduler algorithm had been proposed in literature as an interference mitigation technique in RFID-DRE. This algorithm has a slow convergence problem because of the random search of time slot and frequency allocation processes. It takes a longer time to assign the network resources due to the random search of time slot and frequency allocation processes, which delay the overall system. This work used simulated annealing solver (SAS) which is expected to m...
Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, 2018
Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are a group of mobile nodes that are wireless and self-organized.... more Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are a group of mobile nodes that are wireless and self-organized. They create a network that is temporal and without the aid of any centralized access point. MANETs suffer from a reduced network lifetime, low throughput, increased power consumption and the possibility of an intermediate node to become a bottleneck in the network due to inefficient routing protocols. Many researchers have attempted to mitigate some of the above mentioned challenges by using topology based routing protocols, energy based routing protocol or location aware routing protocols, yet there is still problem of low throughput, end-to-end delay, node energy depletion and low network lifetime. This paper presents a review of energy and location aware routing protocols in mobile ad-hoc networks and proposes better ways to mitigate these problems with the aim of achieving an improved energy aware routing in MANET.
Loudness is a subjective measure of how loud an audio signal is perceived. Due to commercial pres... more Loudness is a subjective measure of how loud an audio signal is perceived. Due to commercial pressures loudness has been exploited in broadcasts to attract and reach viewers and listeners. Sudden changes in loudness between television channels and programs are significant causes of nuisance for the consumers. With the transition from analogue to digital TV, loudness related issues are on the rise hence, the need for objective and accurate techniques for digital broadcast. The measurement of perceived loudness is difficult yet an important task. Many research efforts have been introduced for objective measurement and equalization of the loudness of audio channel or program in order to facilitate program delivery. In this paper, broadcast contents were examined to discover where loudness occurs in a program and how to achieve equal average loudness between broadcast programs. A modified scheme was developed based on a standard set by ITU- Radio and European Broadcasting Union by incor...
Advances on Computational Intelligence in Energy, 2019
Heterogeneous network (HetNet) deployment is a promising technique for improving energy efficienc... more Heterogeneous network (HetNet) deployment is a promising technique for improving energy efficiency in 4G and beyond wireless cellular systems. The major challenge of enhancing energy efficiency in HetNet is a poor cell selection when the conventional reference signal received power (RSRP) or biased RSRP (BRSRP) cell selection algorithm is employed. These cell selection techniques limit the potential of HetNet in improving transmission energy efficiency. The proposed energy-efficient bias setting strategy is an adaptive BRSRP cell selection algorithm. It uses energy efficiency as cell load metric for adaptive picocell range extension (CRE). The algorithm efficiently estimates the varying energy efficiency in each cell, then, based on the optimality gap of the energy efficiency, it adopts an optimized bias value per cell. Simulations using LTE system level simulator shows the proposed adaptive bias setting improves energy efficiency, average UE throughput and system capacity by 6.7, 9...
In this paper, we developed an adaptive algorithm for improved bandwidth utilization in a GSM net... more In this paper, we developed an adaptive algorithm for improved bandwidth utilization in a GSM network and to reduce congestion. The work adopted the joint scheme based on call admission control (CAC), bandwidth degradation and load balancing techniques, while using Dijkstra algorithm to determine the shortest path to route calls among the collocated base station cells. The developed joint scheme algorithm is implemented using NetBeans IDE 6.9.1 platform to generate call traffic so as to obtain call parameters results, including NCBP and HCDP values of interest. These performance metrics namely, New Call Blocking Probability (NCBP) and Handover Call Dropping Probability (HCDP) were evaluated to determine the results prior to, and after, the application of the joint scheme algorithm. Simulation results shows that call blocking and call dropping reduced by 48.3% and 52.3% respectively of the algorithms used before and after the application of joint scheme. This signifies that the devel...
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is a type of wireless network that is made up of mobile nodes whi... more Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is a type of wireless network that is made up of mobile nodes which coordinate themselves without the help of a central coordinator. The network topology changes as nodes are mobile. One of the major challenges of MANET is limited bandwidth which tends to mitigate the Quality of Service (QoS) of the network as users are not satisfied. A variety of routing protocols has been employed aiming at improving the throughput of the network in order to meet user demands. This paper proposes the development of a throughput efficient Ad-hoc On demand Distance Vector (TE-AODV) routing protocol targeted towards improving the QoS of MANET by mitigating network overhead. In this work, all nodes are assumed to be transmitting while calculating their Instant Processing State (IPS) using the concept of knapsack problem. A threshold value for node IPS is set and any node below the set threshold value is not considered during data transmission. An improved Location Aide...
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2014
ABSTRACT Conference code: 87845, Export Date: 22 January 2013, Source: Scopus, Language of Origin... more ABSTRACT Conference code: 87845, Export Date: 22 January 2013, Source: Scopus, Language of Original Document: English, Correspondence Address: Usman, A.D.; Centre of Excellence on Lightning Protection (CELP), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, References: Hamadoun, T., Strong global mobile cellular growth across all regions (2010) International Telecommunication Union Mobile World Congress, , Bercelona;, Sponsors: EPL; CST; DIRECTEVENT; CNRS; SUPELEC
Bioelectromagnetics, 2009
We investigated the possible influence of 900 MHz GSM-modulated EMF on neuron development in cult... more We investigated the possible influence of 900 MHz GSM-modulated EMF on neuron development in culture and on viability and vulnerability to in vitro models for neurodegenerative diseases
Previous generations of wireless technologies from 0G through 4G used synchronous data transmissi... more Previous generations of wireless technologies from 0G through 4G used synchronous data transmission for multiple users, which made it difficult to accommodate recent wireless devices and increasing user demands. The Fifth Generation (5G) network standardized by the year 2020 was designed to harmonize the use of asynchronous transmission. This is to accommodate not only new devices and multiple users, but also different type of users. In this regard, so many mitigation schemes were developed to meet the 5G and 5G-A expectations but suffered one limitation or the other, such as Inter Symbol Interference (ISI), Inter Channel Interference (ICI), Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR), and more. Each limitation had serious damaging effect on the performance of the 5G network because the techniques were not appropriate. Hence, this paper, presented a novel Feedback Filtered Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (FF-OFDM) scheme with performance indices of Bit Error Rate (BER) and Signal ...
ATBU Journal of Science, Technology and Education, 2020
This research work has developed a robust digital image watermarking algorithm using lifting wave... more This research work has developed a robust digital image watermarking algorithm using lifting wavelet transform technique for copyright protection to address the problem of watermark distortion during embedding and extracting processes and easy removal of watermark. The improvement in this work is predicated on the replacement of conventional discrete wavelet transform with lifting wavelet transform for more efficient decomposition and minimal embedding and extraction time without significant trade-off in the performance indices as compared to other image watermarking algorithms that used 2-D transformation such as DWT, DCT, SVD or combination of two or all of these transform methods for image transformation. These transforms have been identified to possess limited properties that make them less efficient. The watermark embedding was carried out by embedding the watermark in the Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT) coefficients of each 2 x 2 blocks decomposed. The algorithm was implemente...
Nigerian Journal of Technological Development, 2018
The problem of load imbalance in HetNets among wireless access technologies is addressed in this ... more The problem of load imbalance in HetNets among wireless access technologies is addressed in this article. A two-step strategy algorithm was adopted in this work, which considers both load and bandwidth. The first step is a randomized algorithm based on the Monte Carlo scheduling strategy while the second step was a load leveling algorithm that used the brute force method to classify the load on access technologies as average, below average and above average. The obtained results when compared to those of Least Connected Algorithm (LCA) performed better. The results achieved a global load balancing fairness of 0.9119 which was 12.37% better than LCA. The significance of the achieved result translates to better resource utilization among the wireless access technologies and better Quality of Service (QoS) for users.
͞Transmission of multicast traffic (such as video, data and voice services over World Wide Intero... more ͞Transmission of multicast traffic (such as video, data and voice services over World Wide Interoperability for Micro Wave Access “WiMAX” aims to make multicast traffic available to users anywhere, anytime and on any device. The major challenges of transmitting wireless traffic over WiMAX network through convention multicast schemes are throughput fluctuation (Variations) among the subscribers within the network coverage, unfair distribution of network resources, delay, delay jitter and packet drop because they are placed in different locations from the Base Station. These inefficiencies are as a result of different fading and path losses in time-varying wireless channel experience by the Subscribers. Scheduling algorithms are mainly responsible for utilization of available resources that are obtained in the network in order to ensure the desire quality of service, among those scheduling algorithms are Round Robin, Max Rate, first in first out, Maximum Throughput, proportional fairn...
International journal of engineering research and technology, 2015
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the leading causes of infertility in the world, but ... more Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the leading causes of infertility in the world, but is a preventable disease when detected early. Detection of follicles in ultrasound images of the ovary is required for the diagnosis of PCOS. The manual method of detecting follicles is time consuming, laborious, error-prone and inconvenient for patients. However, methods used by the existing automated systems often lead to a reduction in accuracy, sensitivity and specificity due to the irregular and jagged edges of the follicles. This research work aims at achieving an improved specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of the system. In this report, a new technique for the automatic detection of follicles is implemented. Lee filter was used to despeckle the ultrasound images. Multiple features were then extracted from the images. Further, twelve of these features were selected as optimal values by the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. Then, these features were fed as input to the Multi...
Bluetooth is a technology that has been widely used for transferring data and files within a shor... more Bluetooth is a technology that has been widely used for transferring data and files within a short distance range using electromagnetic energy. Hence, it has raised public awareness on the radiation of the Bluetooth devices. This study quantifies the thermal effect by investigating electromagnetic field exposure during and after a call is made using three different mobile phone models, with three different modes of operation. An infrared thermal camera was used to obtain thermal images of the right ear- face region of a human during and after a call is made. It is shown that mobile phone usages with Bluetooth connection contribute the lowest to the right ear-face region surface temperature rise compared to wired hands free and direct contact modes. The right ear-face region temperature rise is found to be the highest using wired hands free. Also, it is demonstrated that exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic field due to the usages of Bluetooth and direct contact modes for all ...
ATBU Journal of Science, Technology and Education, 2020
Follicle is a sac filled with fluid in the woman’s reproductive organ and it usually appears dark... more Follicle is a sac filled with fluid in the woman’s reproductive organ and it usually appears darker compared to other objects in the ovary. The ovarian follicles and their sizes are imaged by ultrasound machine. The detection of these follicles is affected usually by other organs such as tissues, blood vessels contained in the ovary. Thus, the need to process the image using appropriate method in order to detect, and extract the required features for better classification of the follicles and non-follicles present in the ovarian image. Feature extraction is a major task in follicles classification of scanned image, therefore proper analysis of image features provides useful information that aid detection of follicle and non-follicle spot in the ovary. This work considers an Improved Salp Swarm Algorithm known as Elite Opposition Based Learning Salp Swarm Algorithm to select features with best fitness from the extracted features. The selected features were served as input to the Mult...
In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of energy efficiency for traffic load balancing using cel... more In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of energy efficiency for traffic load balancing using cell range expansion (CRE) for Pico cells is presented. The study focused on evaluating the energy efficiency for traffic load balance of Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) deployment scenario. Energy efficiency was modeled as ratio of total throughput to power consumption, thus power consumption is evaluated using base station power consumption parameters. Throughput is modeled based on the Signal Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) link adaption, considering spatial distribution of User Equipment (UE). Simulations were carried out using 3 Generation partnership (3GPP) Long Term evolution (LTE) system level simulator. The result obtained have shown that, for some traffic situations, the energy efficiency improves with balanced traffic load which further provided more insight for successful deployment of green heterogeneous cellular network. Keywords—Heterogeneous Networkt; Pico Cell Range Expa...
ATBU Journal of Science, Technology and Education, 2019
As a result of increasing demand on telecommunications services, networks suffer low speed and hi... more As a result of increasing demand on telecommunications services, networks suffer low speed and high latency. These seriously affect the performance of the network due to the presents of high burden on the existing multiplexing techniques such as Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) to deliver high speed data rates. Hence, the ever increasing demand for high speed and low latency data communications by mobile users define future features of networks to ease the burden on the existing multiple access techniques by significantly offering high data rates through multiplexing of multiple users over the same channel at the same time and frequency using Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) in 5G systems. The research developed an improved resources allocation scheme for NOMA fifth Generation (5G) systems. The multiplexing of users on the same frequency band in NOMA makes it possible to have higher sum rate than the conventional OMA technique. This high sum rate can only be guaranteed through ...
ATBU Journal of Science, Technology and Education, 2019
This research work presents an enhanced Scheduler Algorithm using a Modified Searching of Time Sl... more This research work presents an enhanced Scheduler Algorithm using a Modified Searching of Time Slot and Frequency Assignment Approach for Radio Frequency Identification Dense Reader Environment (RFID-DRE). The problem of RFID in a Dense Reader Environment (DRE) is interference between readers as a result of collision between the frequencies of the different readers operating concurrently. This interference prevents the correct identification of tags, which causes degradation of the system performance. To resolve this impairment, a scheduler algorithm had been proposed in literature as an interference mitigation technique in RFID-DRE. This algorithm has a slow convergence problem because of the random search of time slot and frequency allocation processes. It takes a longer time to assign the network resources due to the random search of time slot and frequency allocation processes, which delay the overall system. This work used simulated annealing solver (SAS) which is expected to m...
Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, 2018
Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are a group of mobile nodes that are wireless and self-organized.... more Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are a group of mobile nodes that are wireless and self-organized. They create a network that is temporal and without the aid of any centralized access point. MANETs suffer from a reduced network lifetime, low throughput, increased power consumption and the possibility of an intermediate node to become a bottleneck in the network due to inefficient routing protocols. Many researchers have attempted to mitigate some of the above mentioned challenges by using topology based routing protocols, energy based routing protocol or location aware routing protocols, yet there is still problem of low throughput, end-to-end delay, node energy depletion and low network lifetime. This paper presents a review of energy and location aware routing protocols in mobile ad-hoc networks and proposes better ways to mitigate these problems with the aim of achieving an improved energy aware routing in MANET.