Alka Sabharwal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Alka Sabharwal

Biomedical Research-tokyo, 2012

Diabetes affects more than 170 million people worldwide and the number will rise to 370 million p... more Diabetes affects more than 170 million people worldwide and the number will rise to 370 million people by 2030. About one third of those affected, will eventually have progressive deterioration of renal function. To estimate progression of renal disease among type-2 diabetic population, with Serum Creatinine (SrCr), in the presence of covariates: fasting blood glucose (FBG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and low density lipoprotein (LDL), duration of disease and age at which diabetes was diagnosed. Retrospective data collected from 132 patients, who were diagnosed as diabetic as per ADA standards with or without diabetic complications. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and logistic regression models are adopted here to estimate and predict SrCr, a well-accepted marker for the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The fitted multiple linear regression models are found to be statistically significant, with p <. 001, Fitted logistic models have 88.5% and 84.7% predictive power to assess the renal disease based on mean values of predictors and last record of predictors, respectively. We conclude from the models, which are based on mean values of records, that high blood glucose and high blood pressure along with duration of diabetes are the main contributors for estimating SrCr and predicting diabetic nephropathy. Similar results are concluded from the models which are based on last records of predictors except that LDL is also a significant factor for estimating renal health and DN.

AIMS Public Health

Psychological problems are complex in nature and accurate identification of these problems is imp... more Psychological problems are complex in nature and accurate identification of these problems is important. For the identification of psychological problems, one of the preliminary tools is the use of interviews/questionnaires. Questionnaires are preferred over interviews if the group under study is large. A strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) is one of the most widely used and powerful questionnaires to identify behavioral problems and distresses being faced by the respondents, affecting their day-to-day lives (responsible for social dysfunction). This study was held on college/university students in India, with the objective of examining if the extent of social dysfunction as measured by an impact score can be extracted from behavioral problems which are the components of the difficulty score of SDQ. Two surveys were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic period, between the months of May–June 2020 and October 2020–February 2021 for the study. Only those responses were con...

International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS)

COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mental health of individuals, particularly young adults. Using... more COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mental health of individuals, particularly young adults. Using the ‘strength and difficulty questionnaire 17+ extended version’, we studied the severity of psychological problems and the resultant distress in young adults; the relationship between the ‘difficulty’ and ‘impact’ scores; and the effect of distress in terms of a number of day-to-day activities affected during a pandemic. Data was collected from 743 college/university students (December 2020-February 2021) in India. Descriptive, relative frequencies, and nonparametric tests are applied here. Females were facing more psychological behavioral problems as compared to males as the p-value is less than 0.001. Males with age<20 years were least affected by COVID-19. Day-to-day activities are affected by almost 45% of young adults because of distress. ‘difficulty’ and ‘impact’ severity bands were significantly different from the previous standard proportions. No significant association was ...

Statistics in Transition New Series

Mental disorders are common non-communicable diseases whose occurrence rises at epidemic rates gl... more Mental disorders are common non-communicable diseases whose occurrence rises at epidemic rates globally. The determination of the severity of a mental illness has important clinical implications and it serves as a prognostic factor for effective intervention planning and management. This paper aims to identify the relevant predictors of the severity of mental illnesses (measured by psychiatric rating scales) from a wide range of clinical variables consisting of information on both laboratory test results and psychiatric factors. The laboratory test results collectively indicate the measurements of 23 components derived from vital signs and blood tests results for the evaluation of the complete blood count. The 8 psychiatric factors known to affect the severity of mental illnesses are considered, viz. the family history, course and onset of an illness, etc. Retrospective data of 78 patients diagnosed with mental and behavioural disorders were collected from the Lady Hardinge Medical ...

International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS)

The COVID-19 pandemic and its aftereffects have affected human lives psychologically, economicall... more The COVID-19 pandemic and its aftereffects have affected human lives psychologically, economically, and socially. The study examines the dynamics of mental health problems faced by young adults and the consequent effects on their daily lives during the pandemic period. Three surveys were conducted among colleges/universities going students in India during the time periods May-June 2020, October 2020-February 2021, and January-February 2022; using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) 17+ self-reported extended version. Through 1,021, 743, and 932 responses in the three surveys respectively, the effect of the pandemic on the mental health (characterized by behavioral problems and social dysfunction) of respondents, categorized on basis of demographic variables and ‘COVID-19’ status was studied. Females were found to be more ‘distressed’ than during this period. There was no effect of age and family income. The 45% of the respondents in the Non-COVID group and 48% in the COVI...

International journal of statistics and applications, 2014

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major complications of type 2 diabetes. Studies have show... more Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major complications of type 2 diabetes. Studies have shown that duration of diabetes and serum creatinine (SrCr) is significant predictors for determining the renal health status of a patient. In this study we have estimated the duration of diabetes of a patient on the basis of their latest renal health status. For this we have developed the joint distribution of three correlated random variables namely duration of diabetes, Serum Creatinine (SrCr) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) to estimate the duration of disease of type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients. This is done by considering two datasets; the first one gives the complete information (from the time of diagnosis till termination of study) and the other gives the latest information (latest 19 months) about the renal health status of a patient. We have used the complete information from the first data to estimate the duration of disease for the DN patients belonging to second dataset. Mult...

Children with mental challenges, functioning significantly below average, are treated with differ... more Children with mental challenges, functioning significantly below average, are treated with different kinds of psychological therapies. Data is collected from 145 families with one child each, meeting given qualifying criteria, taking similar psychological therapies for past three months. Likert scale is used to find the response of each therapy. 145 cases include 62.07% (90/145) boys and 37.93% (55/145) girls. Multiple regression models are used to determine effectiveness of these therapies on basic skill /behavior /mental ability. It is concluded that head phone therapy is the most significant contributor for estimating basic skill (BS), Intellectual ability (IA) and Social and Psychological development (SPD). The given psychological therapies are proven effective in 99% of cases. I. INTRODUCTION Children with Intellectual Disability show significantly low levels of intellectual functioning. Disorders like mental retardation, hearing impairment, delay or loss of speech, attention-d...

Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 5, 2021

The objective of this paper is to estimate the probability of onset of diabetic nephropathy (DN) ... more The objective of this paper is to estimate the probability of onset of diabetic nephropathy (DN) arising out of type 2 diabetic patients. To achieve our goal, firstly we have analyzed the association of occurrence of renal complication with the available risk factors by applying path analysis viz., is an extension of multiple regression model that helps in better prediction, since it can model the impact of each factor on an outcome variable. The results of the path analysis showed that serum creatinine (SrCr), number of successes ((NOS), i.e. SrCr ≥ 1.4mg/dl) and age at onset of diabetes are the most appropriate predictors for estimating the progression of DN. Thus, using these significant predictors we have estimated the probability of onset of DN for two different levels of age at onset of diabetes diagnosis (Age at onset of diabetes ≤ 40 years and Age at onset of diabetes > 40 years) by applying ANCOVA with two covariates SrCr and NOS. The results of the analysis indicates that the probability of the onset of DN differ among the two levels of age at onset of diabetes. And SrCr and number of successes are the significant contributors for predicting probability.

Mental and behavioural disorders is a significant contributor of global burden of disease. As per... more Mental and behavioural disorders is a significant contributor of global burden of disease. As per WHO estimates, this burden is likely to increase by 15 percent by 2020, significantly impacting health and major social, human rights and economic consequences in all countries of the world. This paper provides a procedure for estimation of length of stay (LOS) in the hospital, total duration of illness (TDI) and recent duration of illness (RDI) using multivariate normal (MVN) and bivariate (BVN) normal distributions. To accomplish this, a retrospective data of 146 patients with complete record history, diagnosed with mental and behavioural disorders (as per APA's DSM-V as well as the WHO's ICD-10) is collected from the Department of Psychiatry, Lady Hardinge Medical College & Smt. S.K, Hospital, New Delhi, India for the calendar year 2013-2014. The estimated values of the above mentioned variables are found to be consistent with the observed values. Finally MVN distribution is ...

Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 5, 2021

Introduction: Adolescence is a transformational but vulnerable age. A favorable atmosphere at hom... more Introduction: Adolescence is a transformational but vulnerable age. A favorable atmosphere at home and surroundings plays a pivotal role in development in different dimensions of personality. Lack of a support system may result in some psychiatric disorders among adolescents which might needs to be addressed. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire is a psychiatric tool to assess various dimensions of personality. Objective: Adolescence is the beginning of the biological, social and psychological maturity. Personality starts taking shape at this age and the personality traits developed during this phase are likely to remain with a person for the whole life. Role of parents at this phase of life becomes very important to shape the personality. With this background we wish to examine the role of parents’ mental health which actually affects home environment, on adolescent personality. Methods: Structural equation models with two and three layers were applied to estimate personality traits as identified by Eysenck Personality Questionnaire on two groups of adolescents: (i) The ‘Control’ group whose parents were not reported any psychiatric disorder; and (ii) the ‘Case’ group whose parent(s) were suffering from some psychiatric disorder as diagnosed by DSM-IV. Results: The conventional three-layer model for ‘Control’ group estimated ‘Psychoticism’ directly by ‘Lie-scale’ and indirectly by ‘Extraversion’ with p-values < 0.05. The two-layered model yielded no significant difference between the base and the proposed model for ‘Control’ and ‘Case’ group as p-values were more than 0.05. The variability of Neuroticism was estimated up to 63.6% by a linear combination of Psychoticism, Lie-scale and Gender in Layer 1 of the model for the ‘Control’ group. Conclusion: In this study either through the conventional three-layer model or the proposed two-layer models, we concluded that some information about one dimension can be extracted from the other dimension with EPQ even if the correlation is not significant. Also, the proposed two-layer model established the effect of gender at 10% level of significance in case of ‘Control’ group. Psychoticism and Neuroticism mean scores were higher for the ‘Case’ groups than those for the ‘Control’ group thus establishing the effect of parental mental health on adolescents’ personality.

Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 5, 2021

Cognitive decline is prevalent in older adults and is associated with decline in performance of i... more Cognitive decline is prevalent in older adults and is associated with decline in performance of instrumental activities which adversely affects the wellbeing of older adults. The aim of this study is to build a model that would estimate the benefit from the score based 21 days’ workshop in terms of their cognitive abilities of old adults, suffering from mild cognitive disorders. A truncated binomial distribution with missing zero and one classes, having parameters (ni, p), ni known, is fitted to estimate the unknown parameter p, by the methods of maximum likelihood and simulation. The data was collected on 71 subjects residing in 5 old age homes in Delhi, India, using Mini Mental Status Examination tool before and after a score-based 21 days cognitive behaviour therapy workshop. The probability of benefiting from the workshop is estimated only for those test attempts which were more than ten percent completed. The maximum likelihood estimate and simulation estimate of p were 0.83855...

Cognitive decline is prevalent in older adults and is associated with decline in performance of i... more Cognitive decline is prevalent in older adults and is associated with decline in performance of instrumental activities which adversely affects the wellbeing of older adults. The aim of this study is to build a model that would estimate the benefit from the score based 21 days’ workshop in terms of their cognitive abilities of old adults, suffering from mild cognitive disorders. A truncated binomial distribution with missing zero and one classes, having parameters (ni,p), ni known, is fitted to estimate the unknown parameter p, by the methods of maximum likelihood and simulation. The data was collected on 71 subjects residing in 5 old age homes in Delhi, India, using Mini Mental Status Examination tool before and after a score-based 21 days cognitive behaviour therapy workshop. The probability of benefiting from the workshop is estimated only for those test attempts which were more than ten percent completed. The maximum likelihood and simulation estimates of pwere 0.838552 and 0.83...

Introduction: Adolescence is a transformational but vulnerable age.Personality starts taking shap... more Introduction: Adolescence is a transformational but vulnerable age.Personality starts taking shape at this age and the traits developed during this phase are likely to remain with a person for the whole life. Afavourable atmosphere at home and surroundings play a pivotal role in development in different dimensions of personality. Lack of a support system may result in some psychiatric disorders among adolescents which might needs to be addressed. Eysenck personality questionnaire is a psychiatric tool to assess various dimensions of personality. Methods: Structural equation models with two and three layers were applied to estimate personality traits as identied by Eysenck personality questionnaire on two groups of adolescents: (i) The 'Control' group whose parents were not reported any psychiatric disorder; and (ii) the 'Case' group whose parent(s) were suffering from some psychiatric disorder as diagnosed by DSM-IV. Results: The conventional three-layer model for &...

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

Objective- It has been revealed by various studies that parental psychiatric disorders affect sev... more Objective- It has been revealed by various studies that parental psychiatric disorders affect several aspects of children's development, including their adjustment behaviour. This study aims to study impact of parent's psychiatric health on adjustment behaviour of adolescent students using Adjustment Inventory of School Students. Methods- A Case-Control cross-sectional study was conducted on adolescent students of class XI in New Delhi, India (Control group) and adolescents of parents diagnosed suffering from some psychiatric disorders as identified by DSM IV in a New Delhi hospital (Case group). A total number of 116 respondents between the age-group 15-18 years were selected. Results- The effect of parents’ psychiatric health is observed with Adjustment Inventory of School Students for ‘Case’ and ‘Control’ groups. The differences in social and emotional adjustments of the two groups were statistically significant (p-values < 0.001) but the difference between educational...

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2021

Recurrent episodes are common across various mental disorders. Information on time to next episod... more Recurrent episodes are common across various mental disorders. Information on time to next episode, also referred as inter episodic times, provides a valuable tool for planning and evaluating the health outcomes of treatment in patients and developing effective preventive maintenance therapy. The objective is to obtain the prediction interval for the future inter episodic time when the number of previous episodes for a patient is small and inter episodic times are dependent. A data of 28 patients with a history of 3 or more recurring episodes of illness is extracted from a retrospective data of 146 patients diagnosed with mental and behavioral disorders. The prediction interval for time to occurrence of next episode is obtained using order statistics assuming that it will follow the order followed by previous inter episodic times. The validity of the results is verified using simulation studies with data generated using covariance structure of the real dataset. From the simulation studies, we found that more than 80% of the simulated inter episodic times lie in the simulated prediction intervals. This paper is highly beneficial to medical health professionals to predict time to next episode for patients with few previously known episodes of the concerned disease. The study has an implication to rare diseases where generally small database (patients) is available.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine

Recurrent episodes are common across various mental disorders. Information on time to next episod... more Recurrent episodes are common across various mental disorders. Information on time to next episode, also referred as inter episodic times, provides a valuable tool for planning and evaluating the health outcomes of treatment in patients and developing effective preventive maintenance therapy. The objective is to obtain the prediction interval for the future inter episodic time when the number of previous episodes for a patient is small and inter episodic times are dependent. A data of 28 patients with a history of 3 or more recurring episodes of illness is extracted from a retrospective data of 146 patients diagnosed with mental and behavioral disorders. The prediction interval for time to occurrence of next episode is obtained using order statistics assuming that it will follow the order followed by previous inter episodic times. The validity of the results is verified using simulation studies with data generated using covariance structure of the real dataset. From the simulation s...

The Journal of Medical Research

Background- Uncertainties are prevailing duringunprecedented COVID-19 outbreak time affecting hig... more Background- Uncertainties are prevailing duringunprecedented COVID-19 outbreak time affecting higher studies/careers of undergraduate and graduate students. Aims- To identify symptoms of psychological problems existing in young adults in general and also, the effect of forced quarantine due to COVID-19lockdowns on their psychological behaviour. Setting and Design- A cross-sectional study through an online survey using 17+extended English version of the Strength and Difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) to measure effect of lock down / forced quarantine on psychological behaviour of young adults in India at the time of pandemic. Methods and Material- Survey was carried in the months of May-June 2020 among college/university students and 1020 responses were obtained. Absolute and relative frequency distributions are computed.Scores of the five SDQ scales, difficulty scores and impact score are compared gender wise. Statistical analysis-The effects of gender and chronicity are tested using ...

Journal of Applied Statistics

Santosh University Journal of Health Sciences

Abstract Introduction: It is important that mental health and social services support are rendere... more Abstract Introduction: It is important that mental health and social services support are rendered for the parent and to their children both who have mental health problem. Researches have shown that some children of parents with a severe and enduring mental illness experience greater levels of emotional, psychological and behavioural problems than children and young people in the rest of the population apart from genetic factors are known causes of mental illness. Aims and Objectives: Keeping this idea in mind this study has been conducted to screen out the psychological disturbances among adolescent offspring of parents with mental illness &amp; adolescent offspring of parent with normal health. Materials and Methods: This study a cross sectional, prospective &amp; comparative study. Sample- 58 Subjects of study were adolescent offspring belonging to the age between 15-18 years. Test Measures: GHQ, BPRS, SSCT, AISS &amp; SASS. Results &amp; Discussions: The results have screened out significant psychological disturbances like; psychiatric complaints, interpersonal disturbances in &amp; outside family, adjustment issues &amp; problems in their attitudes among the adolescent offspring of psychologically disturbed parent (Study) in comparison to the adolescent offspring of parents with normal well-being (control). Conclusion and Recommendation: The results have shown significant problem among the offspring of psychologically disturbed parent (study) in comparison to the adolescent offspring of parents with normal well-being (control). Findings are very encouraging for every professional in this particular area &amp; for society as a whole. Keywords: Personality, Psychological Vulnerability, Interpersonal relations, Attitude &amp; adolescent offspring.

Biomedical Research-tokyo, 2012

Diabetes affects more than 170 million people worldwide and the number will rise to 370 million p... more Diabetes affects more than 170 million people worldwide and the number will rise to 370 million people by 2030. About one third of those affected, will eventually have progressive deterioration of renal function. To estimate progression of renal disease among type-2 diabetic population, with Serum Creatinine (SrCr), in the presence of covariates: fasting blood glucose (FBG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and low density lipoprotein (LDL), duration of disease and age at which diabetes was diagnosed. Retrospective data collected from 132 patients, who were diagnosed as diabetic as per ADA standards with or without diabetic complications. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and logistic regression models are adopted here to estimate and predict SrCr, a well-accepted marker for the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The fitted multiple linear regression models are found to be statistically significant, with p <. 001, Fitted logistic models have 88.5% and 84.7% predictive power to assess the renal disease based on mean values of predictors and last record of predictors, respectively. We conclude from the models, which are based on mean values of records, that high blood glucose and high blood pressure along with duration of diabetes are the main contributors for estimating SrCr and predicting diabetic nephropathy. Similar results are concluded from the models which are based on last records of predictors except that LDL is also a significant factor for estimating renal health and DN.

AIMS Public Health

Psychological problems are complex in nature and accurate identification of these problems is imp... more Psychological problems are complex in nature and accurate identification of these problems is important. For the identification of psychological problems, one of the preliminary tools is the use of interviews/questionnaires. Questionnaires are preferred over interviews if the group under study is large. A strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) is one of the most widely used and powerful questionnaires to identify behavioral problems and distresses being faced by the respondents, affecting their day-to-day lives (responsible for social dysfunction). This study was held on college/university students in India, with the objective of examining if the extent of social dysfunction as measured by an impact score can be extracted from behavioral problems which are the components of the difficulty score of SDQ. Two surveys were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic period, between the months of May–June 2020 and October 2020–February 2021 for the study. Only those responses were con...

International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS)

COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mental health of individuals, particularly young adults. Using... more COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mental health of individuals, particularly young adults. Using the ‘strength and difficulty questionnaire 17+ extended version’, we studied the severity of psychological problems and the resultant distress in young adults; the relationship between the ‘difficulty’ and ‘impact’ scores; and the effect of distress in terms of a number of day-to-day activities affected during a pandemic. Data was collected from 743 college/university students (December 2020-February 2021) in India. Descriptive, relative frequencies, and nonparametric tests are applied here. Females were facing more psychological behavioral problems as compared to males as the p-value is less than 0.001. Males with age<20 years were least affected by COVID-19. Day-to-day activities are affected by almost 45% of young adults because of distress. ‘difficulty’ and ‘impact’ severity bands were significantly different from the previous standard proportions. No significant association was ...

Statistics in Transition New Series

Mental disorders are common non-communicable diseases whose occurrence rises at epidemic rates gl... more Mental disorders are common non-communicable diseases whose occurrence rises at epidemic rates globally. The determination of the severity of a mental illness has important clinical implications and it serves as a prognostic factor for effective intervention planning and management. This paper aims to identify the relevant predictors of the severity of mental illnesses (measured by psychiatric rating scales) from a wide range of clinical variables consisting of information on both laboratory test results and psychiatric factors. The laboratory test results collectively indicate the measurements of 23 components derived from vital signs and blood tests results for the evaluation of the complete blood count. The 8 psychiatric factors known to affect the severity of mental illnesses are considered, viz. the family history, course and onset of an illness, etc. Retrospective data of 78 patients diagnosed with mental and behavioural disorders were collected from the Lady Hardinge Medical ...

International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS)

The COVID-19 pandemic and its aftereffects have affected human lives psychologically, economicall... more The COVID-19 pandemic and its aftereffects have affected human lives psychologically, economically, and socially. The study examines the dynamics of mental health problems faced by young adults and the consequent effects on their daily lives during the pandemic period. Three surveys were conducted among colleges/universities going students in India during the time periods May-June 2020, October 2020-February 2021, and January-February 2022; using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) 17+ self-reported extended version. Through 1,021, 743, and 932 responses in the three surveys respectively, the effect of the pandemic on the mental health (characterized by behavioral problems and social dysfunction) of respondents, categorized on basis of demographic variables and ‘COVID-19’ status was studied. Females were found to be more ‘distressed’ than during this period. There was no effect of age and family income. The 45% of the respondents in the Non-COVID group and 48% in the COVI...

International journal of statistics and applications, 2014

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major complications of type 2 diabetes. Studies have show... more Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major complications of type 2 diabetes. Studies have shown that duration of diabetes and serum creatinine (SrCr) is significant predictors for determining the renal health status of a patient. In this study we have estimated the duration of diabetes of a patient on the basis of their latest renal health status. For this we have developed the joint distribution of three correlated random variables namely duration of diabetes, Serum Creatinine (SrCr) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) to estimate the duration of disease of type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients. This is done by considering two datasets; the first one gives the complete information (from the time of diagnosis till termination of study) and the other gives the latest information (latest 19 months) about the renal health status of a patient. We have used the complete information from the first data to estimate the duration of disease for the DN patients belonging to second dataset. Mult...

Children with mental challenges, functioning significantly below average, are treated with differ... more Children with mental challenges, functioning significantly below average, are treated with different kinds of psychological therapies. Data is collected from 145 families with one child each, meeting given qualifying criteria, taking similar psychological therapies for past three months. Likert scale is used to find the response of each therapy. 145 cases include 62.07% (90/145) boys and 37.93% (55/145) girls. Multiple regression models are used to determine effectiveness of these therapies on basic skill /behavior /mental ability. It is concluded that head phone therapy is the most significant contributor for estimating basic skill (BS), Intellectual ability (IA) and Social and Psychological development (SPD). The given psychological therapies are proven effective in 99% of cases. I. INTRODUCTION Children with Intellectual Disability show significantly low levels of intellectual functioning. Disorders like mental retardation, hearing impairment, delay or loss of speech, attention-d...

Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 5, 2021

The objective of this paper is to estimate the probability of onset of diabetic nephropathy (DN) ... more The objective of this paper is to estimate the probability of onset of diabetic nephropathy (DN) arising out of type 2 diabetic patients. To achieve our goal, firstly we have analyzed the association of occurrence of renal complication with the available risk factors by applying path analysis viz., is an extension of multiple regression model that helps in better prediction, since it can model the impact of each factor on an outcome variable. The results of the path analysis showed that serum creatinine (SrCr), number of successes ((NOS), i.e. SrCr ≥ 1.4mg/dl) and age at onset of diabetes are the most appropriate predictors for estimating the progression of DN. Thus, using these significant predictors we have estimated the probability of onset of DN for two different levels of age at onset of diabetes diagnosis (Age at onset of diabetes ≤ 40 years and Age at onset of diabetes > 40 years) by applying ANCOVA with two covariates SrCr and NOS. The results of the analysis indicates that the probability of the onset of DN differ among the two levels of age at onset of diabetes. And SrCr and number of successes are the significant contributors for predicting probability.

Mental and behavioural disorders is a significant contributor of global burden of disease. As per... more Mental and behavioural disorders is a significant contributor of global burden of disease. As per WHO estimates, this burden is likely to increase by 15 percent by 2020, significantly impacting health and major social, human rights and economic consequences in all countries of the world. This paper provides a procedure for estimation of length of stay (LOS) in the hospital, total duration of illness (TDI) and recent duration of illness (RDI) using multivariate normal (MVN) and bivariate (BVN) normal distributions. To accomplish this, a retrospective data of 146 patients with complete record history, diagnosed with mental and behavioural disorders (as per APA's DSM-V as well as the WHO's ICD-10) is collected from the Department of Psychiatry, Lady Hardinge Medical College & Smt. S.K, Hospital, New Delhi, India for the calendar year 2013-2014. The estimated values of the above mentioned variables are found to be consistent with the observed values. Finally MVN distribution is ...

Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 5, 2021

Introduction: Adolescence is a transformational but vulnerable age. A favorable atmosphere at hom... more Introduction: Adolescence is a transformational but vulnerable age. A favorable atmosphere at home and surroundings plays a pivotal role in development in different dimensions of personality. Lack of a support system may result in some psychiatric disorders among adolescents which might needs to be addressed. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire is a psychiatric tool to assess various dimensions of personality. Objective: Adolescence is the beginning of the biological, social and psychological maturity. Personality starts taking shape at this age and the personality traits developed during this phase are likely to remain with a person for the whole life. Role of parents at this phase of life becomes very important to shape the personality. With this background we wish to examine the role of parents’ mental health which actually affects home environment, on adolescent personality. Methods: Structural equation models with two and three layers were applied to estimate personality traits as identified by Eysenck Personality Questionnaire on two groups of adolescents: (i) The ‘Control’ group whose parents were not reported any psychiatric disorder; and (ii) the ‘Case’ group whose parent(s) were suffering from some psychiatric disorder as diagnosed by DSM-IV. Results: The conventional three-layer model for ‘Control’ group estimated ‘Psychoticism’ directly by ‘Lie-scale’ and indirectly by ‘Extraversion’ with p-values < 0.05. The two-layered model yielded no significant difference between the base and the proposed model for ‘Control’ and ‘Case’ group as p-values were more than 0.05. The variability of Neuroticism was estimated up to 63.6% by a linear combination of Psychoticism, Lie-scale and Gender in Layer 1 of the model for the ‘Control’ group. Conclusion: In this study either through the conventional three-layer model or the proposed two-layer models, we concluded that some information about one dimension can be extracted from the other dimension with EPQ even if the correlation is not significant. Also, the proposed two-layer model established the effect of gender at 10% level of significance in case of ‘Control’ group. Psychoticism and Neuroticism mean scores were higher for the ‘Case’ groups than those for the ‘Control’ group thus establishing the effect of parental mental health on adolescents’ personality.

Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 5, 2021

Cognitive decline is prevalent in older adults and is associated with decline in performance of i... more Cognitive decline is prevalent in older adults and is associated with decline in performance of instrumental activities which adversely affects the wellbeing of older adults. The aim of this study is to build a model that would estimate the benefit from the score based 21 days’ workshop in terms of their cognitive abilities of old adults, suffering from mild cognitive disorders. A truncated binomial distribution with missing zero and one classes, having parameters (ni, p), ni known, is fitted to estimate the unknown parameter p, by the methods of maximum likelihood and simulation. The data was collected on 71 subjects residing in 5 old age homes in Delhi, India, using Mini Mental Status Examination tool before and after a score-based 21 days cognitive behaviour therapy workshop. The probability of benefiting from the workshop is estimated only for those test attempts which were more than ten percent completed. The maximum likelihood estimate and simulation estimate of p were 0.83855...

Cognitive decline is prevalent in older adults and is associated with decline in performance of i... more Cognitive decline is prevalent in older adults and is associated with decline in performance of instrumental activities which adversely affects the wellbeing of older adults. The aim of this study is to build a model that would estimate the benefit from the score based 21 days’ workshop in terms of their cognitive abilities of old adults, suffering from mild cognitive disorders. A truncated binomial distribution with missing zero and one classes, having parameters (ni,p), ni known, is fitted to estimate the unknown parameter p, by the methods of maximum likelihood and simulation. The data was collected on 71 subjects residing in 5 old age homes in Delhi, India, using Mini Mental Status Examination tool before and after a score-based 21 days cognitive behaviour therapy workshop. The probability of benefiting from the workshop is estimated only for those test attempts which were more than ten percent completed. The maximum likelihood and simulation estimates of pwere 0.838552 and 0.83...

Introduction: Adolescence is a transformational but vulnerable age.Personality starts taking shap... more Introduction: Adolescence is a transformational but vulnerable age.Personality starts taking shape at this age and the traits developed during this phase are likely to remain with a person for the whole life. Afavourable atmosphere at home and surroundings play a pivotal role in development in different dimensions of personality. Lack of a support system may result in some psychiatric disorders among adolescents which might needs to be addressed. Eysenck personality questionnaire is a psychiatric tool to assess various dimensions of personality. Methods: Structural equation models with two and three layers were applied to estimate personality traits as identied by Eysenck personality questionnaire on two groups of adolescents: (i) The 'Control' group whose parents were not reported any psychiatric disorder; and (ii) the 'Case' group whose parent(s) were suffering from some psychiatric disorder as diagnosed by DSM-IV. Results: The conventional three-layer model for &...

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

Objective- It has been revealed by various studies that parental psychiatric disorders affect sev... more Objective- It has been revealed by various studies that parental psychiatric disorders affect several aspects of children's development, including their adjustment behaviour. This study aims to study impact of parent's psychiatric health on adjustment behaviour of adolescent students using Adjustment Inventory of School Students. Methods- A Case-Control cross-sectional study was conducted on adolescent students of class XI in New Delhi, India (Control group) and adolescents of parents diagnosed suffering from some psychiatric disorders as identified by DSM IV in a New Delhi hospital (Case group). A total number of 116 respondents between the age-group 15-18 years were selected. Results- The effect of parents’ psychiatric health is observed with Adjustment Inventory of School Students for ‘Case’ and ‘Control’ groups. The differences in social and emotional adjustments of the two groups were statistically significant (p-values < 0.001) but the difference between educational...

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2021

Recurrent episodes are common across various mental disorders. Information on time to next episod... more Recurrent episodes are common across various mental disorders. Information on time to next episode, also referred as inter episodic times, provides a valuable tool for planning and evaluating the health outcomes of treatment in patients and developing effective preventive maintenance therapy. The objective is to obtain the prediction interval for the future inter episodic time when the number of previous episodes for a patient is small and inter episodic times are dependent. A data of 28 patients with a history of 3 or more recurring episodes of illness is extracted from a retrospective data of 146 patients diagnosed with mental and behavioral disorders. The prediction interval for time to occurrence of next episode is obtained using order statistics assuming that it will follow the order followed by previous inter episodic times. The validity of the results is verified using simulation studies with data generated using covariance structure of the real dataset. From the simulation studies, we found that more than 80% of the simulated inter episodic times lie in the simulated prediction intervals. This paper is highly beneficial to medical health professionals to predict time to next episode for patients with few previously known episodes of the concerned disease. The study has an implication to rare diseases where generally small database (patients) is available.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine

Recurrent episodes are common across various mental disorders. Information on time to next episod... more Recurrent episodes are common across various mental disorders. Information on time to next episode, also referred as inter episodic times, provides a valuable tool for planning and evaluating the health outcomes of treatment in patients and developing effective preventive maintenance therapy. The objective is to obtain the prediction interval for the future inter episodic time when the number of previous episodes for a patient is small and inter episodic times are dependent. A data of 28 patients with a history of 3 or more recurring episodes of illness is extracted from a retrospective data of 146 patients diagnosed with mental and behavioral disorders. The prediction interval for time to occurrence of next episode is obtained using order statistics assuming that it will follow the order followed by previous inter episodic times. The validity of the results is verified using simulation studies with data generated using covariance structure of the real dataset. From the simulation s...

The Journal of Medical Research

Background- Uncertainties are prevailing duringunprecedented COVID-19 outbreak time affecting hig... more Background- Uncertainties are prevailing duringunprecedented COVID-19 outbreak time affecting higher studies/careers of undergraduate and graduate students. Aims- To identify symptoms of psychological problems existing in young adults in general and also, the effect of forced quarantine due to COVID-19lockdowns on their psychological behaviour. Setting and Design- A cross-sectional study through an online survey using 17+extended English version of the Strength and Difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) to measure effect of lock down / forced quarantine on psychological behaviour of young adults in India at the time of pandemic. Methods and Material- Survey was carried in the months of May-June 2020 among college/university students and 1020 responses were obtained. Absolute and relative frequency distributions are computed.Scores of the five SDQ scales, difficulty scores and impact score are compared gender wise. Statistical analysis-The effects of gender and chronicity are tested using ...

Journal of Applied Statistics

Santosh University Journal of Health Sciences

Abstract Introduction: It is important that mental health and social services support are rendere... more Abstract Introduction: It is important that mental health and social services support are rendered for the parent and to their children both who have mental health problem. Researches have shown that some children of parents with a severe and enduring mental illness experience greater levels of emotional, psychological and behavioural problems than children and young people in the rest of the population apart from genetic factors are known causes of mental illness. Aims and Objectives: Keeping this idea in mind this study has been conducted to screen out the psychological disturbances among adolescent offspring of parents with mental illness &amp; adolescent offspring of parent with normal health. Materials and Methods: This study a cross sectional, prospective &amp; comparative study. Sample- 58 Subjects of study were adolescent offspring belonging to the age between 15-18 years. Test Measures: GHQ, BPRS, SSCT, AISS &amp; SASS. Results &amp; Discussions: The results have screened out significant psychological disturbances like; psychiatric complaints, interpersonal disturbances in &amp; outside family, adjustment issues &amp; problems in their attitudes among the adolescent offspring of psychologically disturbed parent (Study) in comparison to the adolescent offspring of parents with normal well-being (control). Conclusion and Recommendation: The results have shown significant problem among the offspring of psychologically disturbed parent (study) in comparison to the adolescent offspring of parents with normal well-being (control). Findings are very encouraging for every professional in this particular area &amp; for society as a whole. Keywords: Personality, Psychological Vulnerability, Interpersonal relations, Attitude &amp; adolescent offspring.