Allan Andales - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Allan Andales

American Journal of Potato Research, Apr 6, 2020

Agricultural Water Management, Dec 1, 2013

Evapotranspiration (ET) based irrigation scheduling requires accurate measurements of reference e... more Evapotranspiration (ET) based irrigation scheduling requires accurate measurements of reference evapotranspiration. Mathematical formulas with localized weather data can be used to accurately predict alfalfa reference ET rates (mmh−1 and mmd−1). When local meteorological data are unavailable, a physical measurement of ET can be taken with an atmometer. The objective of this study was to determine if a Model E atmometer (ETgage Company, Loveland, CO), equipped with a canvas #54 cover, could be used to effectively estimate alfalfa reference ET. The ASCE Standardized Alfalfa Reference ET Equation (ASCE ETrs) was used as the standard for comparison of atmometer ET values to determine atmometer performance. Four years of alfalfa ET, as determined by an atmometer (ETgage), were compared to ASCE ETrs. Daily as well as 2, 3, 5, and 7 day sums of daily ETgage and ASCE ETrs were compared using simple least-squares linear regression. Coefficients of determination (R2) between daily ETgage and ASCE ETrs for all years were greater than or equal to 0.80. Throughout the study, the atmometer tended to underestimate ASCE ETrs. Average seasonal underestimation of ASCE ETrs measured by the atmometer ranged from 9.06% to 18.9%. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Bias Error (MBE) ranged from 1.14 to 1.82mmd−1 and −0.66 to −1.51mmd−1, respectively. The atmometer underestimated daily ASCE ETrs 88% of the time, with an average underestimation of 1.30mmd−1. Underestimation of ASCE ETrs measured by the atmometer occurred most often on days when mean daily horizontal wind speeds were greater than 2ms−1 and/or when mean daily air temperatures were below 20°C. The atmometer performed best when the alfalfa was at reference condition. Localized calibration equations for reference and non-reference conditions with a temperature correction were developed to improve accuracy, with average magnitude of MBE reduced from −0.97mmd−1 to 0.13mmd−1.

Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2020

This poster was presented at the 2017 Annual Graduate Student Showcase and received an honorable ... more This poster was presented at the 2017 Annual Graduate Student Showcase and received an honorable mention for the "Greatest Minds In Research" award.Includes bibliographical references.Global salinization of irrigated lands results in a $12 billion (US) reduction in global crop production annually. A joint effort between Utah State University, Colorado State University, and Mehran University in Pakistan aimed to investigate the impacts and movement of salts in agronomic systems, and identify common solutions. This was done through water and soil monitoring in Southeast Colorado in a surface irrigation setting. Results indicated that salts are loaded onto fields because of saline water, and get trapped in root zones by shallow water tables. The added salt decreases osmotic potential in soil, making root water uptake more difficult.Great Minds in Research - Honorable Mention

Accurate estimation of crop evapotranspiration (ET) is important to know how much water is requir... more Accurate estimation of crop evapotranspiration (ET) is important to know how much water is required during the growing season, to improve crop water management, to conserve soil and water resources and for water rights purposes. Various forms of semi-empirical equations have been developed to estimate crop ET. The ASCE-EWRI Standardized Penman-Monteith (PM) equation and the full version of the Penman-Monteith equation have been used in this study to estimate alfalfa ET. The ASCE-EWRI Standardized PM equation along with crop coefficients (Kc) can be used to estimate actual crop ET. The full version of the PM equation can be applied to calculate actual ET directly for unstressed crop conditions using weather and crop variables. In this study, both PM ET methods were evaluated using a monolithic precision weighing lysimeter. The research was carried out at the Colorado State University- Arkansas Valley Research Center, Rocky Ford, Colorado. Data from 2009 and 2010 from a large precisio...

Water Balance Accounting As the crop grows and extracts water from the soil to satisfy its ETc re... more Water Balance Accounting As the crop grows and extracts water from the soil to satisfy its ETc requirement, the stored soil water is gradually depleted. In general, the net irrigation requirement is the amount of water required to refill the root zone soil water content back up to field capacity. This amount, which is the difference between field capacity and current soil water level, corresponds to the soil water deficit (D). The irrigation manager can keep track of D, which gives the net amount of irrigation water to apply. On a daily basis, D can be estimated using the following accounting equation for the soil root zone: Dc=Dp+ETc -P-Irr-U+SRO+DP [1] where Dc is the soil water deficit (net irrigation requirement) in the root zone on the current day, Dp is the soil water deficit on the previous day, ETc is the crop evapotranspiration rate for the current day, P is the gross precipitation for the current day, Irr is the net irrigation amount infiltrated into the soil for the curre...

Agronomy, 2020

Nitrogen (N) and water continue to be the most limiting factors for profitable maize (Zea Mays L.... more Nitrogen (N) and water continue to be the most limiting factors for profitable maize (Zea Mays L.) production in the western US Great Plains. Precision application of N and water has the potential to significantly enhance input use efficiency without impairing yields. The overall objective of this study was to determine the most productive and efficient nitrogen and water management strategy for irrigated maize by using site-specific management zones and a proximal remote sensing approach. This study was conducted over 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 crop growing seasons near Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. Six nitrogen rates (0, 56, 112, 168, 224, and 280 kg N ha−1) were applied along experimental strips across three delineated management zones (low, medium, and high productivity). Four rates of irrigation were applied to maize (60%, 80%, 100%, and 120% of evapotranspiration) using a center pivot precision irrigation system equipped with zone control. Optical proximal sensor readings were a...

Transactions of the ASABE, 2020

HIGHLIGHTSUniversity extension has been playing a larger role, serving a larger number of irrigat... more HIGHLIGHTSUniversity extension has been playing a larger role, serving a larger number of irrigated farms.Extension programs in irrigation water management (IWM) have been transitioning away from lectures and field tours as the primary means of knowledge transfer.New IWM programs focus on experiential learning, development of practitioner networks, and industry participation.. Promotion and adoption of irrigation water management (IWM) technology, tools, and best management practices are important as water availability concerns are addressed. Traditional extension programs have relied on lecture presentations, field tours, fact sheets, and on-station demonstrations to promote IWM practices and tools. However, these platforms tend not to provide the experience and opportunity for growers to identify and become comfortable with innovative solutions, such as new technology. To address these challenges and to appeal to an ever-changing client base, innovative and locally relevant extens...

Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2020

Highlights An existing sugar beet crop coefficient curve (K cr ) was modified to better represent... more Highlights An existing sugar beet crop coefficient curve (K cr ) was modified to better represent canopy development in northeast Colorado conditions. The modified K cr curve improved the estimated soil water deficits (net irrigation requirements) calculated by the cloud-based Water Irrigation Scheduler for Efficient Application (WISE App). Feedback from sugar beet growers and agronomists helped expand WISE applicability in the northern High Plains with access to additional weather station networks and functionality to aggregate irrigation data across multiple sugar beet fields or regions. . The convergence of agrometeorological network, database, and cloud-computing technologies has enabled greater accessibility of irrigation management tools for growers. The goal of this research and outreach project was to adapt an existing cloud-based irrigation scheduler (WISE) for use by sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) producers in eastern Colorado and a wider area of a cooperative operating in ...

American Journal of Potato Research, 2020

World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009, 2009

... with Postcombustion Capture of Carbon Dioxide Flood Forecasting Using ANN, Neuro-Fuzzy, and N... more ... with Postcombustion Capture of Carbon Dioxide Flood Forecasting Using ANN, Neuro-Fuzzy, and Neuro ... in Korea The Hydrology of the Congo River Basin: A GIS-Based Hydrological Water ... Integrated Water Management in an Ancestral Water Scheme in a Mountainous Area of ...

Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2015

ABSTRACT Irrigation in Colorado, a headwaters state, is crucial for viable agricultural productio... more ABSTRACT Irrigation in Colorado, a headwaters state, is crucial for viable agricultural production; consequently, with the foreseen population growth, there will become a greater demand placed on precious water resources. Technology must be adopted and embraced as part of the solution to water shortage. Researchers at Colorado State University have created an online evapotranspiration-based irrigation scheduling tool called Water Irrigation Scheduling for Efficient Application (WISE) that uses the soil water balance method and data queries from Colorado Agricultural Meteorological Network (CoAgMet) and Northern Colorado Water Conservation District (NCWCD) weather stations. To expedite and mobilize required user interaction with the software interface, a smartphone app has been developed that allows users to quickly view their soil moisture deficit, weather measurements, and the ability to input applied irrigation amounts into WISE. Potential users: agricultural producers, irrigation managers, and research scientists, will benefit from this app as it allows lite access to the tool from any location within a cellular data network. Technology such as the scheduling tool and smartphone app, when adopted within Colorado and the western United States, allow irrigators another tool to better utilize water resources.

Agricultural Systems, 2014

Transactions of the ASABE, 2011

Transactions of the ASABE, 2007

5th National Decennial Irrigation Conference Proceedings, 5-8 December 2010, Phoenix Convention Center, Phoenix, Arizona USA, 2010

... The soil type is Rocky Ford; coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Ardic Argiustoll. ... Tw... more ... The soil type is Rocky Ford; coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Ardic Argiustoll. ... Two 3.8-cm diameter electromechanical steel tubes (EMT) were installed in the monolith to monitor soil water content with a neutron probe (503 DR Hydroprobe, CPN International, Inc.). ...

5th National Decennial Irrigation Conference Proceedings, 5-8 December 2010, Phoenix Convention Center, Phoenix, Arizona USA, 2010

Page 1. The authors are solely responsible for the content of this technical presentation. The te... more Page 1. The authors are solely responsible for the content of this technical presentation. The technical presentation does not necessarily reflect the official position of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ...

Journal of Agricultural Science, 2013

Rangeland Ecology & Management, 2006

American Journal of Potato Research, Apr 6, 2020

Agricultural Water Management, Dec 1, 2013

Evapotranspiration (ET) based irrigation scheduling requires accurate measurements of reference e... more Evapotranspiration (ET) based irrigation scheduling requires accurate measurements of reference evapotranspiration. Mathematical formulas with localized weather data can be used to accurately predict alfalfa reference ET rates (mmh−1 and mmd−1). When local meteorological data are unavailable, a physical measurement of ET can be taken with an atmometer. The objective of this study was to determine if a Model E atmometer (ETgage Company, Loveland, CO), equipped with a canvas #54 cover, could be used to effectively estimate alfalfa reference ET. The ASCE Standardized Alfalfa Reference ET Equation (ASCE ETrs) was used as the standard for comparison of atmometer ET values to determine atmometer performance. Four years of alfalfa ET, as determined by an atmometer (ETgage), were compared to ASCE ETrs. Daily as well as 2, 3, 5, and 7 day sums of daily ETgage and ASCE ETrs were compared using simple least-squares linear regression. Coefficients of determination (R2) between daily ETgage and ASCE ETrs for all years were greater than or equal to 0.80. Throughout the study, the atmometer tended to underestimate ASCE ETrs. Average seasonal underestimation of ASCE ETrs measured by the atmometer ranged from 9.06% to 18.9%. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Bias Error (MBE) ranged from 1.14 to 1.82mmd−1 and −0.66 to −1.51mmd−1, respectively. The atmometer underestimated daily ASCE ETrs 88% of the time, with an average underestimation of 1.30mmd−1. Underestimation of ASCE ETrs measured by the atmometer occurred most often on days when mean daily horizontal wind speeds were greater than 2ms−1 and/or when mean daily air temperatures were below 20°C. The atmometer performed best when the alfalfa was at reference condition. Localized calibration equations for reference and non-reference conditions with a temperature correction were developed to improve accuracy, with average magnitude of MBE reduced from −0.97mmd−1 to 0.13mmd−1.

Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2020

This poster was presented at the 2017 Annual Graduate Student Showcase and received an honorable ... more This poster was presented at the 2017 Annual Graduate Student Showcase and received an honorable mention for the "Greatest Minds In Research" award.Includes bibliographical references.Global salinization of irrigated lands results in a $12 billion (US) reduction in global crop production annually. A joint effort between Utah State University, Colorado State University, and Mehran University in Pakistan aimed to investigate the impacts and movement of salts in agronomic systems, and identify common solutions. This was done through water and soil monitoring in Southeast Colorado in a surface irrigation setting. Results indicated that salts are loaded onto fields because of saline water, and get trapped in root zones by shallow water tables. The added salt decreases osmotic potential in soil, making root water uptake more difficult.Great Minds in Research - Honorable Mention

Accurate estimation of crop evapotranspiration (ET) is important to know how much water is requir... more Accurate estimation of crop evapotranspiration (ET) is important to know how much water is required during the growing season, to improve crop water management, to conserve soil and water resources and for water rights purposes. Various forms of semi-empirical equations have been developed to estimate crop ET. The ASCE-EWRI Standardized Penman-Monteith (PM) equation and the full version of the Penman-Monteith equation have been used in this study to estimate alfalfa ET. The ASCE-EWRI Standardized PM equation along with crop coefficients (Kc) can be used to estimate actual crop ET. The full version of the PM equation can be applied to calculate actual ET directly for unstressed crop conditions using weather and crop variables. In this study, both PM ET methods were evaluated using a monolithic precision weighing lysimeter. The research was carried out at the Colorado State University- Arkansas Valley Research Center, Rocky Ford, Colorado. Data from 2009 and 2010 from a large precisio...

Water Balance Accounting As the crop grows and extracts water from the soil to satisfy its ETc re... more Water Balance Accounting As the crop grows and extracts water from the soil to satisfy its ETc requirement, the stored soil water is gradually depleted. In general, the net irrigation requirement is the amount of water required to refill the root zone soil water content back up to field capacity. This amount, which is the difference between field capacity and current soil water level, corresponds to the soil water deficit (D). The irrigation manager can keep track of D, which gives the net amount of irrigation water to apply. On a daily basis, D can be estimated using the following accounting equation for the soil root zone: Dc=Dp+ETc -P-Irr-U+SRO+DP [1] where Dc is the soil water deficit (net irrigation requirement) in the root zone on the current day, Dp is the soil water deficit on the previous day, ETc is the crop evapotranspiration rate for the current day, P is the gross precipitation for the current day, Irr is the net irrigation amount infiltrated into the soil for the curre...

Agronomy, 2020

Nitrogen (N) and water continue to be the most limiting factors for profitable maize (Zea Mays L.... more Nitrogen (N) and water continue to be the most limiting factors for profitable maize (Zea Mays L.) production in the western US Great Plains. Precision application of N and water has the potential to significantly enhance input use efficiency without impairing yields. The overall objective of this study was to determine the most productive and efficient nitrogen and water management strategy for irrigated maize by using site-specific management zones and a proximal remote sensing approach. This study was conducted over 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 crop growing seasons near Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. Six nitrogen rates (0, 56, 112, 168, 224, and 280 kg N ha−1) were applied along experimental strips across three delineated management zones (low, medium, and high productivity). Four rates of irrigation were applied to maize (60%, 80%, 100%, and 120% of evapotranspiration) using a center pivot precision irrigation system equipped with zone control. Optical proximal sensor readings were a...

Transactions of the ASABE, 2020

HIGHLIGHTSUniversity extension has been playing a larger role, serving a larger number of irrigat... more HIGHLIGHTSUniversity extension has been playing a larger role, serving a larger number of irrigated farms.Extension programs in irrigation water management (IWM) have been transitioning away from lectures and field tours as the primary means of knowledge transfer.New IWM programs focus on experiential learning, development of practitioner networks, and industry participation.. Promotion and adoption of irrigation water management (IWM) technology, tools, and best management practices are important as water availability concerns are addressed. Traditional extension programs have relied on lecture presentations, field tours, fact sheets, and on-station demonstrations to promote IWM practices and tools. However, these platforms tend not to provide the experience and opportunity for growers to identify and become comfortable with innovative solutions, such as new technology. To address these challenges and to appeal to an ever-changing client base, innovative and locally relevant extens...

Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2020

Highlights An existing sugar beet crop coefficient curve (K cr ) was modified to better represent... more Highlights An existing sugar beet crop coefficient curve (K cr ) was modified to better represent canopy development in northeast Colorado conditions. The modified K cr curve improved the estimated soil water deficits (net irrigation requirements) calculated by the cloud-based Water Irrigation Scheduler for Efficient Application (WISE App). Feedback from sugar beet growers and agronomists helped expand WISE applicability in the northern High Plains with access to additional weather station networks and functionality to aggregate irrigation data across multiple sugar beet fields or regions. . The convergence of agrometeorological network, database, and cloud-computing technologies has enabled greater accessibility of irrigation management tools for growers. The goal of this research and outreach project was to adapt an existing cloud-based irrigation scheduler (WISE) for use by sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) producers in eastern Colorado and a wider area of a cooperative operating in ...

American Journal of Potato Research, 2020

World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009, 2009

... with Postcombustion Capture of Carbon Dioxide Flood Forecasting Using ANN, Neuro-Fuzzy, and N... more ... with Postcombustion Capture of Carbon Dioxide Flood Forecasting Using ANN, Neuro-Fuzzy, and Neuro ... in Korea The Hydrology of the Congo River Basin: A GIS-Based Hydrological Water ... Integrated Water Management in an Ancestral Water Scheme in a Mountainous Area of ...

Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2015

ABSTRACT Irrigation in Colorado, a headwaters state, is crucial for viable agricultural productio... more ABSTRACT Irrigation in Colorado, a headwaters state, is crucial for viable agricultural production; consequently, with the foreseen population growth, there will become a greater demand placed on precious water resources. Technology must be adopted and embraced as part of the solution to water shortage. Researchers at Colorado State University have created an online evapotranspiration-based irrigation scheduling tool called Water Irrigation Scheduling for Efficient Application (WISE) that uses the soil water balance method and data queries from Colorado Agricultural Meteorological Network (CoAgMet) and Northern Colorado Water Conservation District (NCWCD) weather stations. To expedite and mobilize required user interaction with the software interface, a smartphone app has been developed that allows users to quickly view their soil moisture deficit, weather measurements, and the ability to input applied irrigation amounts into WISE. Potential users: agricultural producers, irrigation managers, and research scientists, will benefit from this app as it allows lite access to the tool from any location within a cellular data network. Technology such as the scheduling tool and smartphone app, when adopted within Colorado and the western United States, allow irrigators another tool to better utilize water resources.

Agricultural Systems, 2014

Transactions of the ASABE, 2011

Transactions of the ASABE, 2007

5th National Decennial Irrigation Conference Proceedings, 5-8 December 2010, Phoenix Convention Center, Phoenix, Arizona USA, 2010

... The soil type is Rocky Ford; coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Ardic Argiustoll. ... Tw... more ... The soil type is Rocky Ford; coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Ardic Argiustoll. ... Two 3.8-cm diameter electromechanical steel tubes (EMT) were installed in the monolith to monitor soil water content with a neutron probe (503 DR Hydroprobe, CPN International, Inc.). ...

5th National Decennial Irrigation Conference Proceedings, 5-8 December 2010, Phoenix Convention Center, Phoenix, Arizona USA, 2010

Page 1. The authors are solely responsible for the content of this technical presentation. The te... more Page 1. The authors are solely responsible for the content of this technical presentation. The technical presentation does not necessarily reflect the official position of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ...

Journal of Agricultural Science, 2013

Rangeland Ecology & Management, 2006