Alouis Chilunjika - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Alouis Chilunjika

eJournal of eDemocracy and open government, Sep 14, 2023

This study explores the challenges and benefits of adopting electronic procurement (eprocurement)... more This study explores the challenges and benefits of adopting electronic procurement (eprocurement) technologies to facilitate anti-corruption mechanisms, accountability and transparency in the procurement of pharmaceuticals at the National Pharmaceutical (NatPharm) Company in Zimbabwe. Pharmaceutical corruption is a serious threat to the attainment of Universal Health Coverage. It is imperative for the Government of Zimbabwe to adopt Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) to detect and prevent corruption and fraud, thereby, addressing leakages, mismanagement and theft of medicines, thereby, improving population health outcomes. The study used a qualitative exploratory case study approach and data was gathered through documentary review. The study findings reveal that, pharmaceutical procurement is highly vulnerable to corruption at NatPharm. Bid rigging, procurement-related corruption, bribery and nepotism characterise pharmaceutical procurement at NatPharm. The study recommends the adoption of a transparent e-procurement system with open contracting and integrity pacts to reduce corruption, increase transparency and accountability at NatPharm.

Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review

SA Journal of Human Resource Management

Orientation: The Fourth Industrial Revolution has transformed modern society by ushering in the f... more Orientation: The Fourth Industrial Revolution has transformed modern society by ushering in the fusion of advances in robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), genetic engineering, quantum computing, and artificial intelligence (AI) among others. AI brings a range of different technologies and applications to interact with environments that comprise both the relevant objects and the interaction rules and have the capacity to process information in a way that resembles intelligent behaviour. Similarly, artificial intelligence is also being used in the human resources management (HRM) processes and functions in the public sector to map sequences to actions.Research purpose: The study explores the opportunities, challenges, and future prospects of integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Public Sector Human Resource Management (HRM) in South Africa’s public sector.Motivation for the study: The study was motivated by the need to examine the dynamics surrounding the adoption, implement...

International Journal of African Renaissance Studies - Multi-, Inter- and Transdisciplinarity, 2020

Abstract In the quest to become autonomous, southern Sudan opted for secession from northern Suda... more Abstract In the quest to become autonomous, southern Sudan opted for secession from northern Sudan in 2011. Among other reasons, the major cause for this secession was to redress the imbalances perpetrated by the Arab minority, who discriminated against the people of the southern part of Sudan. The chief aim of this study was to assess the impact of secession from Sudan on the political economy of South Sudan in the period 2011–2017. The field research was conducted in South Sudan, Juba district, focusing on the surrounding areas of Munuki, Amarat, Sherikhat, Nyakuron, and Thongpiny. The study embraced blended decolonial research methods for data gathering. Techniques such as questionnaires and interviews were utilised. The authors discovered that the secession has had a negative impact on the political economy of South Sudan, as the newly founded state has been affected by the syndrome of dependence on its former parent state (Sudan), which creates perpetual problems. The research findings lead to the conclusion that for secession to have a positive impact on the political economy of African nations, robust institutions should be established soon after secession, there should be equality among ethnic groups, and sound policies should be established to stimulate their economies.

International Journal of Behavioural and Healthcare Research, 2022

Journal of Local Government Research and Innovation, 2021

The Zimbabwean local government environment has been affected by chronic defects in the provision... more The Zimbabwean local government environment has been affected by chronic defects in the provision of basic public services. As such, city twinning has been adopted as one of the strategies to address the impasse in service delivery as it allows for the sharing of expertise in local governance, development, strategic international relations and the enhancement of service delivery in local authorities. Using the exploratory case study research design the study explores the impact the twinning arrangement between Bulawayo City Council (BCC) and eThekwini Municipality and how it has enhanced service delivery in Bulawayo. Data was gathered from written documents, observations and in-depth interviews. The study established that the BCC-eThekwini cooperation has been very fruitful and Bulawayo City Council has benefited immensely through the exchange of ideas and information as well as technology transfer among others from this twinning arrangement. Nonetheless, it was also observed that w...


Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2020

The novel COVID-19 pandemic has ravaged the entire world and its far reaching impacts have been f... more The novel COVID-19 pandemic has ravaged the entire world and its far reaching impacts have been felt across different regions and sectors world-over. Similarly, the Zimbabwean public sector has been equally affected by this pandemic. Using a qualitative methodology the research interrogates the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and proffers ways to deal with its impacts on the Zimbabwean public sector. Data was extensively collected from documentary sources such as books, journals, government publications etc. The study established that the Zimbabwean Health Sector (ZHS) is completely overwhelmed by the pandemic, that there is a decrease in revenue collection, poor social accountability, and corruption and that frontline employees and those working in environments that are exposed to the virus are psychologically affected. The research recommends that the government should capacitate the ZHS, revitalise industries and harnessing small to medium enterprises, embrace open Information T...

Public Policy and Administration Research, 2016

The study investigates the implementation of the Results Based Management (RBM) approach in the Z... more The study investigates the implementation of the Results Based Management (RBM) approach in the Zimbabwean context, using the Ministry of Transport, Communication and Infrastructural Development as the principal case study. While RMB has several components relating to budgeting, personnel performance, e-governance and monitoring and evaluation; this study is restricted to personnel performance system. Research data was collated through documentary and empirical case study reviews. Study findings suggest that notwithstanding concerted effort towards institutionalizing a results-based culture in state institutions, the politics of administration, resistance to change, lack of significant buy-in amongst employees and management to make the approach successful as well as rampant administrative and technical incapacity challenges, have emerged as major setbacks stalling the process to fruition. These findings raise fundamental questions on the extent to which proper and adequate feasibil...

International Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Science, 2020

A number of policies have been put in place as of 1980 but the implementation of the policy objec... more A number of policies have been put in place as of 1980 but the implementation of the policy objectives has been highly compromised. This research is therefore premised on exploring the challenges faced in the implementation of economic policies using the Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socio-Economic Transformation (ZIMASSET) of 2013 to 2018 as the focal point. The study employs a case study research design which triangulates qualitative as well as quantitative research methods into mixed methods. On sampling techniques, the research employs simple random sampling and purposive sampling. Structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews were also used in collecting data. The research established that the ZIMASSET policy has been ruled out as an appetizing economic blueprint which when followed to its logical conclusions can in a way turn around the economic fortunes of the country. Be that as it may, some contend that there is nothing peculiar about the ZIMASSET policy as it is yet ...

African Journal of Business and Economic Research, 2021

Elections in most emerging democracies are generally characterised by irregularities which in tur... more Elections in most emerging democracies are generally characterised by irregularities which in turn fuel violent and non-violent expressions of displeasure before, during and after the voting excise. This paper discusses options for post-election conflict resolution with focus on African experiences since 2000. The paper holds that political and nonpolitical, local and international actors, play a dire role in ensuring that election-related insecurities are at least pacified. The paper assessed the constitutional, political and diplomatic alternatives to post-election conflict resolution. The paper goes further to examine the challenges that faced by African states in their exertion to deal with post-election conflicts. The study provides recommendations to inform the successes of the he post-election conflict resolutions in Africa. This paper establishes that most African states have lucrative legal frameworks on conducting elections and dealing with post-election unfortunate eventualities, the most compromise comes from, however, lack of political will and respect for the municipal ad international regulations. Furthermore, the paper realises that the continent, in some cases, lacks capacity and effectiveness on policy implementation to enforce electoral outcome or court rulings.

International Journal of Law and Public Policy, 2020

Military intervention is a crucial tool used to compel nation states to abide by the principles o... more Military intervention is a crucial tool used to compel nation states to abide by the principles of international law. The United Nations, through its Charter (Chapter VII) authorises the use of force by the UN and or regional organisations as a legitimate scheme of settling international disputes. A closer look on the majority of these interventions, however, shows that the conduct of the forces taking part in these interventions turn to violate some crucial principles of international law. Additional Protocol 1 of 1977 to the 1949 Geneva protocols provides for the regulations in terms of the conduct of forces in an armed conflict to minimise civilian carnage and injuries as well as damage on civilian objects. This paper assessed the effectiveness of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) in cases of a military intervention. The study was a case study focusing on the experiences of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) forces that intervened in the former Federal Republic of Y...

International Journal of Law and Public Policy, 2021

Public participation in policy issues by the locals is a crucial ingredient that guarantees the s... more Public participation in policy issues by the locals is a crucial ingredient that guarantees the success of any policy decision, national project and public programme. Public participation should permeate every sphere of governance. In this vein, Zimbabwe is endowed with numerous mineral resources. The indigenous Zimbabwean are statutorily deemed as the owners of the mineral resources hence their participation in policy processes and spaces that relate to the governance of natural resources is pertinent. However, it was noted that the Zimbabwean population is not fully benefiting from the extraction of these mineral resources. The paper therefore explores the magnitude and essence of public participation in the governance of mineral resources in Zimbabwe. In achieving this, the paper is informed by Arnstein’s ladder of participation as the theoretical framework. In addition, data was gathered from documentary review and in-depth interviews with key informants. The study observed tha...

African Renaissance, 2021

International Journal of Law and Public Policy

Zimbabwe as a member of the United Nations (UN) ratified a number of human rights treaties and th... more Zimbabwe as a member of the United Nations (UN) ratified a number of human rights treaties and the establishment of the much awaited Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission (ZHRC) which was long overdue was a generally welcome development in the human rights arena. The ZHRC is a National Human Rights Institution (NHRI) established by the Constitution of Zimbabwe (No.20) Act 2013. The Constitution mandates ZHRC to promote, protect and enforce human rights and fundamental freedoms enshrined under the Bill of Rights. The operational legal framework of the ZHRC is provided for in the Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission Act [Chapter 10:30]. In collecting data questionnaires, interviews and documentary review were used. Against this backdrop, the paper mainly seeks to explore and analyse the challenges faced by the Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission (ZHRC) in executing its mandate. Methodologically, the study relied extensively on available literature and reports. The study revealed that the ZHRC has...

The article captures the post-colonial developmental path of the Land Reform Programme in Zimbabw... more The article captures the post-colonial developmental path of the Land Reform Programme in Zimbabwe since 1980, when Zimbabwe got its independence from Britain. The shifts in the Zimbabwean Land Reform Programme since 1980, unveil four distinct phases that punctuate the Land Reform trajectory as well as exhibit their unique and distinct characteristics. The four phases of the land reform programme in Zimbabwe include: the willing buyer willing seller paradigm (1980–1990), the compulsory acquisition with fair compensation paradigm (1990–2000), the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) where there was compulsory acquisition with no compensation (2000–2002) and the partnerships and agricultural contracts between white commercial farmers and the indigenous black landholders (2014 to date). The article highlights the key drivers to policy shifts, as well as the incremental pattern that punctuated the first and second paradigms, with the third paradigm assuming a radical policy leap in ...

This research studied the implementation of the Primary Health Care approach to health service de... more This research studied the implementation of the Primary Health Care approach to health service delivery in Zimbabwe's rural areas from 2009 to 2012. The approach was launched in response to the Alma-Alta Declaration in 1978 which sought to end the inequalities in health care provision around the globe and was first adopted and implemented in 1982 in Zimbabwe. The approach almost collapsed due to the economic meltdown in the past decade but the period 2009 to 2013 marked a new economic paradigm in Zimbabwe which saw the economy being dollarized which subsequently led to the revival and the resuscitation of the health sector. It is therefore to explore the progress and the dynamics surrounding the implementation of the PHC at Mt Darwin Hospital in light of the dollarized economy. The study explores the dynamics surrounding the implementation of PHC at Mt Darwin District Hospital by particular attention to the following key elements: promotion of nutrition, sanitation, maternal and child care, immunization, treatment of common diseases and provision of essential drugs. Qualitative techniques such as face to face interviews with key informants and documentary research were used to generate data. The research findings revealed that PHC is a powerful tool in delivering health services in Mt Darwin. However, lack of material, financial and human resources have hindered the proper implementation of the PHC approach in Mt Darwin district. The study recommends multi sectoral collaboration in solving health related issues.

International Journal of Law and Public Policy

The paper seeks to examine and unpack the factors that are militating against councilor oversight... more The paper seeks to examine and unpack the factors that are militating against councilor oversight at Nkayi Rural District Council. Councilor oversight is a crucial function for promoting and enhancing transparency, accountability, effectiveness and efficiency in Zimbabwean local authorities. Despite the existence of councilor oversight, local authorities in Zimbabwe continue to face operational, regulatory and oversight challenges. To establish the factors militating against effective councilor oversight at Nkayi, the respondents were purposively selected and the research used both primary and secondary data. The study established that low academic qualifications among councilors, councilors terms of office, political affiliation and partisanship and limited timeframes as the key impediments to effective councilor oversight at Nkayi Rural District Council.

South African Journal of Childhood Education

Research Aim: Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of non-conventional methods of measurement in... more Research Aim: Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of non-conventional methods of measurement in the placement of children in schools in general and the ‘clutch-the-ear’ and get enrolled age measurement practice in particular. To expose the shortfalls of a classroom setup in which age-for-grade enrolment is distorted.

International Journal of Innovation in Education

The authors present a condensed use of select probability and non-probability sampling methods in... more The authors present a condensed use of select probability and non-probability sampling methods in different levels of sampling showing the utility of mixed methods (MM) in finite/ infinite and heterogeneous/homogeneous populations. This is based on a Zimbabwe entry points survey sampling prototype. Findings uphold the efficacy of both MM and multilevel sampling. The researchers uphold the marriage of methodologies in the MM configuration as permitting effective population coverage giving a sample that equitably captures the uniqueness of the population overcoming any disproportionateness that may be occurring in the sampling frame. The methodology consequently eliminates biases imminent in the coverage of a study area. Recommendations include the idea that researchers can utilize this method to ensure that all the various characteristics in a population are captured in their uniqueness. In the quest to promote innovativeness in education, educators can utilize this initiative as a teaching aid to expose learners to a variety of sampling paradigms ingeniously condensed in one place

eJournal of eDemocracy and open government, Sep 14, 2023

This study explores the challenges and benefits of adopting electronic procurement (eprocurement)... more This study explores the challenges and benefits of adopting electronic procurement (eprocurement) technologies to facilitate anti-corruption mechanisms, accountability and transparency in the procurement of pharmaceuticals at the National Pharmaceutical (NatPharm) Company in Zimbabwe. Pharmaceutical corruption is a serious threat to the attainment of Universal Health Coverage. It is imperative for the Government of Zimbabwe to adopt Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) to detect and prevent corruption and fraud, thereby, addressing leakages, mismanagement and theft of medicines, thereby, improving population health outcomes. The study used a qualitative exploratory case study approach and data was gathered through documentary review. The study findings reveal that, pharmaceutical procurement is highly vulnerable to corruption at NatPharm. Bid rigging, procurement-related corruption, bribery and nepotism characterise pharmaceutical procurement at NatPharm. The study recommends the adoption of a transparent e-procurement system with open contracting and integrity pacts to reduce corruption, increase transparency and accountability at NatPharm.

Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review

SA Journal of Human Resource Management

Orientation: The Fourth Industrial Revolution has transformed modern society by ushering in the f... more Orientation: The Fourth Industrial Revolution has transformed modern society by ushering in the fusion of advances in robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), genetic engineering, quantum computing, and artificial intelligence (AI) among others. AI brings a range of different technologies and applications to interact with environments that comprise both the relevant objects and the interaction rules and have the capacity to process information in a way that resembles intelligent behaviour. Similarly, artificial intelligence is also being used in the human resources management (HRM) processes and functions in the public sector to map sequences to actions.Research purpose: The study explores the opportunities, challenges, and future prospects of integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Public Sector Human Resource Management (HRM) in South Africa’s public sector.Motivation for the study: The study was motivated by the need to examine the dynamics surrounding the adoption, implement...

International Journal of African Renaissance Studies - Multi-, Inter- and Transdisciplinarity, 2020

Abstract In the quest to become autonomous, southern Sudan opted for secession from northern Suda... more Abstract In the quest to become autonomous, southern Sudan opted for secession from northern Sudan in 2011. Among other reasons, the major cause for this secession was to redress the imbalances perpetrated by the Arab minority, who discriminated against the people of the southern part of Sudan. The chief aim of this study was to assess the impact of secession from Sudan on the political economy of South Sudan in the period 2011–2017. The field research was conducted in South Sudan, Juba district, focusing on the surrounding areas of Munuki, Amarat, Sherikhat, Nyakuron, and Thongpiny. The study embraced blended decolonial research methods for data gathering. Techniques such as questionnaires and interviews were utilised. The authors discovered that the secession has had a negative impact on the political economy of South Sudan, as the newly founded state has been affected by the syndrome of dependence on its former parent state (Sudan), which creates perpetual problems. The research findings lead to the conclusion that for secession to have a positive impact on the political economy of African nations, robust institutions should be established soon after secession, there should be equality among ethnic groups, and sound policies should be established to stimulate their economies.

International Journal of Behavioural and Healthcare Research, 2022

Journal of Local Government Research and Innovation, 2021

The Zimbabwean local government environment has been affected by chronic defects in the provision... more The Zimbabwean local government environment has been affected by chronic defects in the provision of basic public services. As such, city twinning has been adopted as one of the strategies to address the impasse in service delivery as it allows for the sharing of expertise in local governance, development, strategic international relations and the enhancement of service delivery in local authorities. Using the exploratory case study research design the study explores the impact the twinning arrangement between Bulawayo City Council (BCC) and eThekwini Municipality and how it has enhanced service delivery in Bulawayo. Data was gathered from written documents, observations and in-depth interviews. The study established that the BCC-eThekwini cooperation has been very fruitful and Bulawayo City Council has benefited immensely through the exchange of ideas and information as well as technology transfer among others from this twinning arrangement. Nonetheless, it was also observed that w...


Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2020

The novel COVID-19 pandemic has ravaged the entire world and its far reaching impacts have been f... more The novel COVID-19 pandemic has ravaged the entire world and its far reaching impacts have been felt across different regions and sectors world-over. Similarly, the Zimbabwean public sector has been equally affected by this pandemic. Using a qualitative methodology the research interrogates the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and proffers ways to deal with its impacts on the Zimbabwean public sector. Data was extensively collected from documentary sources such as books, journals, government publications etc. The study established that the Zimbabwean Health Sector (ZHS) is completely overwhelmed by the pandemic, that there is a decrease in revenue collection, poor social accountability, and corruption and that frontline employees and those working in environments that are exposed to the virus are psychologically affected. The research recommends that the government should capacitate the ZHS, revitalise industries and harnessing small to medium enterprises, embrace open Information T...

Public Policy and Administration Research, 2016

The study investigates the implementation of the Results Based Management (RBM) approach in the Z... more The study investigates the implementation of the Results Based Management (RBM) approach in the Zimbabwean context, using the Ministry of Transport, Communication and Infrastructural Development as the principal case study. While RMB has several components relating to budgeting, personnel performance, e-governance and monitoring and evaluation; this study is restricted to personnel performance system. Research data was collated through documentary and empirical case study reviews. Study findings suggest that notwithstanding concerted effort towards institutionalizing a results-based culture in state institutions, the politics of administration, resistance to change, lack of significant buy-in amongst employees and management to make the approach successful as well as rampant administrative and technical incapacity challenges, have emerged as major setbacks stalling the process to fruition. These findings raise fundamental questions on the extent to which proper and adequate feasibil...

International Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Science, 2020

A number of policies have been put in place as of 1980 but the implementation of the policy objec... more A number of policies have been put in place as of 1980 but the implementation of the policy objectives has been highly compromised. This research is therefore premised on exploring the challenges faced in the implementation of economic policies using the Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socio-Economic Transformation (ZIMASSET) of 2013 to 2018 as the focal point. The study employs a case study research design which triangulates qualitative as well as quantitative research methods into mixed methods. On sampling techniques, the research employs simple random sampling and purposive sampling. Structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews were also used in collecting data. The research established that the ZIMASSET policy has been ruled out as an appetizing economic blueprint which when followed to its logical conclusions can in a way turn around the economic fortunes of the country. Be that as it may, some contend that there is nothing peculiar about the ZIMASSET policy as it is yet ...

African Journal of Business and Economic Research, 2021

Elections in most emerging democracies are generally characterised by irregularities which in tur... more Elections in most emerging democracies are generally characterised by irregularities which in turn fuel violent and non-violent expressions of displeasure before, during and after the voting excise. This paper discusses options for post-election conflict resolution with focus on African experiences since 2000. The paper holds that political and nonpolitical, local and international actors, play a dire role in ensuring that election-related insecurities are at least pacified. The paper assessed the constitutional, political and diplomatic alternatives to post-election conflict resolution. The paper goes further to examine the challenges that faced by African states in their exertion to deal with post-election conflicts. The study provides recommendations to inform the successes of the he post-election conflict resolutions in Africa. This paper establishes that most African states have lucrative legal frameworks on conducting elections and dealing with post-election unfortunate eventualities, the most compromise comes from, however, lack of political will and respect for the municipal ad international regulations. Furthermore, the paper realises that the continent, in some cases, lacks capacity and effectiveness on policy implementation to enforce electoral outcome or court rulings.

International Journal of Law and Public Policy, 2020

Military intervention is a crucial tool used to compel nation states to abide by the principles o... more Military intervention is a crucial tool used to compel nation states to abide by the principles of international law. The United Nations, through its Charter (Chapter VII) authorises the use of force by the UN and or regional organisations as a legitimate scheme of settling international disputes. A closer look on the majority of these interventions, however, shows that the conduct of the forces taking part in these interventions turn to violate some crucial principles of international law. Additional Protocol 1 of 1977 to the 1949 Geneva protocols provides for the regulations in terms of the conduct of forces in an armed conflict to minimise civilian carnage and injuries as well as damage on civilian objects. This paper assessed the effectiveness of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) in cases of a military intervention. The study was a case study focusing on the experiences of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) forces that intervened in the former Federal Republic of Y...

International Journal of Law and Public Policy, 2021

Public participation in policy issues by the locals is a crucial ingredient that guarantees the s... more Public participation in policy issues by the locals is a crucial ingredient that guarantees the success of any policy decision, national project and public programme. Public participation should permeate every sphere of governance. In this vein, Zimbabwe is endowed with numerous mineral resources. The indigenous Zimbabwean are statutorily deemed as the owners of the mineral resources hence their participation in policy processes and spaces that relate to the governance of natural resources is pertinent. However, it was noted that the Zimbabwean population is not fully benefiting from the extraction of these mineral resources. The paper therefore explores the magnitude and essence of public participation in the governance of mineral resources in Zimbabwe. In achieving this, the paper is informed by Arnstein’s ladder of participation as the theoretical framework. In addition, data was gathered from documentary review and in-depth interviews with key informants. The study observed tha...

African Renaissance, 2021

International Journal of Law and Public Policy

Zimbabwe as a member of the United Nations (UN) ratified a number of human rights treaties and th... more Zimbabwe as a member of the United Nations (UN) ratified a number of human rights treaties and the establishment of the much awaited Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission (ZHRC) which was long overdue was a generally welcome development in the human rights arena. The ZHRC is a National Human Rights Institution (NHRI) established by the Constitution of Zimbabwe (No.20) Act 2013. The Constitution mandates ZHRC to promote, protect and enforce human rights and fundamental freedoms enshrined under the Bill of Rights. The operational legal framework of the ZHRC is provided for in the Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission Act [Chapter 10:30]. In collecting data questionnaires, interviews and documentary review were used. Against this backdrop, the paper mainly seeks to explore and analyse the challenges faced by the Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission (ZHRC) in executing its mandate. Methodologically, the study relied extensively on available literature and reports. The study revealed that the ZHRC has...

The article captures the post-colonial developmental path of the Land Reform Programme in Zimbabw... more The article captures the post-colonial developmental path of the Land Reform Programme in Zimbabwe since 1980, when Zimbabwe got its independence from Britain. The shifts in the Zimbabwean Land Reform Programme since 1980, unveil four distinct phases that punctuate the Land Reform trajectory as well as exhibit their unique and distinct characteristics. The four phases of the land reform programme in Zimbabwe include: the willing buyer willing seller paradigm (1980–1990), the compulsory acquisition with fair compensation paradigm (1990–2000), the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) where there was compulsory acquisition with no compensation (2000–2002) and the partnerships and agricultural contracts between white commercial farmers and the indigenous black landholders (2014 to date). The article highlights the key drivers to policy shifts, as well as the incremental pattern that punctuated the first and second paradigms, with the third paradigm assuming a radical policy leap in ...

This research studied the implementation of the Primary Health Care approach to health service de... more This research studied the implementation of the Primary Health Care approach to health service delivery in Zimbabwe's rural areas from 2009 to 2012. The approach was launched in response to the Alma-Alta Declaration in 1978 which sought to end the inequalities in health care provision around the globe and was first adopted and implemented in 1982 in Zimbabwe. The approach almost collapsed due to the economic meltdown in the past decade but the period 2009 to 2013 marked a new economic paradigm in Zimbabwe which saw the economy being dollarized which subsequently led to the revival and the resuscitation of the health sector. It is therefore to explore the progress and the dynamics surrounding the implementation of the PHC at Mt Darwin Hospital in light of the dollarized economy. The study explores the dynamics surrounding the implementation of PHC at Mt Darwin District Hospital by particular attention to the following key elements: promotion of nutrition, sanitation, maternal and child care, immunization, treatment of common diseases and provision of essential drugs. Qualitative techniques such as face to face interviews with key informants and documentary research were used to generate data. The research findings revealed that PHC is a powerful tool in delivering health services in Mt Darwin. However, lack of material, financial and human resources have hindered the proper implementation of the PHC approach in Mt Darwin district. The study recommends multi sectoral collaboration in solving health related issues.

International Journal of Law and Public Policy

The paper seeks to examine and unpack the factors that are militating against councilor oversight... more The paper seeks to examine and unpack the factors that are militating against councilor oversight at Nkayi Rural District Council. Councilor oversight is a crucial function for promoting and enhancing transparency, accountability, effectiveness and efficiency in Zimbabwean local authorities. Despite the existence of councilor oversight, local authorities in Zimbabwe continue to face operational, regulatory and oversight challenges. To establish the factors militating against effective councilor oversight at Nkayi, the respondents were purposively selected and the research used both primary and secondary data. The study established that low academic qualifications among councilors, councilors terms of office, political affiliation and partisanship and limited timeframes as the key impediments to effective councilor oversight at Nkayi Rural District Council.

South African Journal of Childhood Education

Research Aim: Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of non-conventional methods of measurement in... more Research Aim: Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of non-conventional methods of measurement in the placement of children in schools in general and the ‘clutch-the-ear’ and get enrolled age measurement practice in particular. To expose the shortfalls of a classroom setup in which age-for-grade enrolment is distorted.

International Journal of Innovation in Education

The authors present a condensed use of select probability and non-probability sampling methods in... more The authors present a condensed use of select probability and non-probability sampling methods in different levels of sampling showing the utility of mixed methods (MM) in finite/ infinite and heterogeneous/homogeneous populations. This is based on a Zimbabwe entry points survey sampling prototype. Findings uphold the efficacy of both MM and multilevel sampling. The researchers uphold the marriage of methodologies in the MM configuration as permitting effective population coverage giving a sample that equitably captures the uniqueness of the population overcoming any disproportionateness that may be occurring in the sampling frame. The methodology consequently eliminates biases imminent in the coverage of a study area. Recommendations include the idea that researchers can utilize this method to ensure that all the various characteristics in a population are captured in their uniqueness. In the quest to promote innovativeness in education, educators can utilize this initiative as a teaching aid to expose learners to a variety of sampling paradigms ingeniously condensed in one place