Amal SALMAN - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Amal SALMAN

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Mar 1, 2017

JOURNAL OF ADMINISTRATION AND ECONOMICS, 2019

Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512), 2017

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women world. Multiple Cytokines appear to have ... more Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women world. Multiple Cytokines appear to have a dominant role in human breast cancer formation. Estimation of the in situ expression of IL-6 and IL-1β in breast cancer patients. A sixty patients with breast cancer BC were divided into two clinical subgroups, (30) with malignant breast cancer MBC and (30) with benign breast tumor as a control group according to histological examination. In situ hybridization technique used for detection of IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA sequence in two groups. The results showed that percentages of mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-1β were in (≥ 11-50%) for malignant breast cancer. This research also investigated that (73.3%) of benign breast tumor were expression less than (<10%) for IL-6 and IL-1 β mRNA. The ISH expression of the mean percentages of IL-6 and IL-1 β were higher levels in malignant breast cancer patients ( 48.13 and 56.07 ,respectively) than benign tumor (2.73 and 1.40 ,respect...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible role of c-Myc and p53 in patients with ... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible role of c-Myc and p53 in patients with colorectal cancer by using immunohistochemical analysis. The paraffin embedded sections from 40 colorectal carcinoma and 40 healthy individuals were investigated for the expression of c-Myc and p53 by immunohistochemical staining with specific monoclonal antibodies. Our data analysis demonstrated a significantly increased expression of c-Myc and P53 among colorectal cancer patients compared with control groups (p<0.01). In addition our results showed that in patients with colorectal cancer the positive expression rate was 80% and 62.5% for c-Myc and p53, respectively. Furthermore, in this study the significant correlations was found between these two markers (p<0.05) in two studied groups. Our results confirms a significant association between colorectal cancinoma and increased expression of c-Myc and P53. INTRODUCTIONS Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality in Western countries, with about1 million new cases every year diagnosed world-wide and 500,000 patients dying from the disease [1].The steps to colorectal cancer are driven by genetic alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppresser genes [2].The c-Myc oncogene has been shown to be amplified and/or overexpressed in many types of human cancer [3;4].The role for c-Myc in the development of colon tumors was first suggested by the report that c-Myc was amplified and overexpressed in a chemically induced mouse colon tumor [5].The central role of c-Myc protein in accelerating cell proliferation, documented by many early studies, has led to a general concept for Immunohistochemical Expression of C-Myc and P53 Proteins in Colorectal Carcinoma Amal , Wasan and Amal 18 many types of cancer that amplification or overexpression of this gene may be associated with a more aggressive tumor and a poorer patient survival [4;6;7]. The overexpression of c-Myc protein has also been shown to associate with a better tumor differentiation or a better patient survival for cancer of the testis, ovary, bile ducts, colon and breast [8;9]. On the other hand, P53 is a tumor suppressor gene that plays a key role in the control of the cell cycle. Cell proliferation is inhibited by normal or wild type p53 protein, which acts by arresting the cell cycle at the G1-S phase to allow DNA repair to take place. Loss of this activity may lead to neoplastic transformation. Alteration of this suppressor gene is a common event in colorectal cancer and has been associated with adverse postoperative outcome and poor survival [10;11].It is widely accepted that multiple genetic alterations underlie colorectal carcinogenesis. The p53 mutation is common in human cancers and overexpression of its products is detected in many colorectal cancers. Thus, the immunohistochemical detection of the overexpression of p53 is a useful marker for the diagnosis of carcinoma [12;13].However, the relationship between the p53 overexpression and metastasis in colorectal cancers is still controversial [14;15]. The purpose of this study was to investigate the c-myc and p53,protein expression within the same colorectal cancer tissue by using immunohistochemistry technique, to find out the correlation between these two markers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients: This study included 80 patients from Baghdad Teaching Hospital , AL-Yarmook Teaching Hospital ,Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital and private hospital. This study was carried out on (40) patients with colorectal carcinomas (CRC) (22 males and 18 females)with a mean of age 51.7 years and a range between 20 and 81 years. The control group included (40) colorectal normal tissue (CRN) (22 males and 18 females) with a mean of age 49.2 years and a range between 20 and 75 years. Samples: For each patients and control included in this study; serial sections from paraffin embedded block were taken from the archive of department of pathology of these hospitals (mention above). Tissue sections cut into 5μm thickness, put on Fisher_ brand positively charged slides. Immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) for detection of c-Myc and p53 proteins expression in paraffin embedded sections: The use of universal DakoCytomation streptavidinbiotin system purchased from DakoCytomation (USA) Immuno-histochemistry detection kit. The mouse anti-human monoclonal antibodies p53 protein AlMustansiriya J. Sci Vol. 21, No 2, 2010 19 (code NO./M7203) (Denmark) and the mouse anti-human monoclonal antibodies c-Myc protein (code 9E10)(InnonGenex ,USA). The primary antibody reacts with antigen in the tissue, and then a biotin labeled secondary antibody (link antibody) binds to the primary antibody. When the conjugate is added, the biotinylated secondary antibody will form a complex with the peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin and by adding the substrate, which contains 3,3 -diaminobenzidine (DAB) in a chromogen solution, a brown-colored precipitate will form at…

Background: Progesterone hormone is important in the preparation for and in maintaining of pregna... more Background: Progesterone hormone is important in the preparation for and in maintaining of pregnancy through different mechanisms but mainly by shifting the balance from Th1 to Th2 mediated immunity to avoid rejection of the fetus; in this study we tried to find out whether there is a relation between the level of the expression of progesterone and its stimulant HCG hormone and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Patients and Methods: Immunohistochemistry technique was performed to detect and determine the expression of progesterone and HCG hormones using paraffin embedded sections of curate samples obtained from 40 women, who where divided into three groups: 24 women with RPL, 10 women with abortion for the first time, and 6 women with induced abortion. Fac Med Baghdad 200 Results: The levels of the expression of both progesterone and HCG hormones were found to be significantly down-regulated in the first group as compared with the second group (p=0.00), and the third group (p=0.00), w...

Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 2019

This study tested the relationship between the total cost and expected benefits to the project th... more This study tested the relationship between the total cost and expected benefits to the project that proposed by top management of company selected. It was based on a key hypothesis that states, the outcome of proper and accurate analysis of the cost-benefit relationship can be considered as an indicator that can be used to assess the financial benefit of the proposed project and at the same time evaluation the accounting performance of the accountants who responsible for carrying out this process. The study contributed to formulating a group of objectives, in order to achieve the main objective of the study and test the main hypothesis, a study sample was chosen (Canadian Railway Co.) by examine a certain case in it related to study. Finally, the study reached a number of conclusions and recommendations, most importantly are, the application of the concept CBA in a proper manner will help the company to obtain a set of benefits, not limited to the assessing of the performance of acc...

Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 2020

Purpose: This study aims to highlight the concept of public budget to become acquainted with the ... more Purpose: This study aims to highlight the concept of public budget to become acquainted with the notion of participation. We also try to clarify the role of social organizations in the general budget and Shed light on the role of the State in the disclosure and transparency of public funds. Methodology: Practically, the study depends on a questionnaire prepared statistically to analyze Financial Statements of the General Budget for three frequent years (2015, 2016, and 2017). Main Findings: The aftereffects of the monetary and measurable examination show that there is no straightforwardness and exposure by the legislature during its distribution of the general financial plan of the last and last records. In addition, incomprehensiveness of the financial plan by a proper measure of straightforwardness and divulgence, the Ministry of Finance reports incorporate information and disaggregated information on government consumption, open obligation, and how to cover inability. Application...

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Mar 1, 2017

JOURNAL OF ADMINISTRATION AND ECONOMICS, 2019

Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512), 2017

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women world. Multiple Cytokines appear to have ... more Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women world. Multiple Cytokines appear to have a dominant role in human breast cancer formation. Estimation of the in situ expression of IL-6 and IL-1β in breast cancer patients. A sixty patients with breast cancer BC were divided into two clinical subgroups, (30) with malignant breast cancer MBC and (30) with benign breast tumor as a control group according to histological examination. In situ hybridization technique used for detection of IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA sequence in two groups. The results showed that percentages of mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-1β were in (≥ 11-50%) for malignant breast cancer. This research also investigated that (73.3%) of benign breast tumor were expression less than (<10%) for IL-6 and IL-1 β mRNA. The ISH expression of the mean percentages of IL-6 and IL-1 β were higher levels in malignant breast cancer patients ( 48.13 and 56.07 ,respectively) than benign tumor (2.73 and 1.40 ,respect...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible role of c-Myc and p53 in patients with ... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible role of c-Myc and p53 in patients with colorectal cancer by using immunohistochemical analysis. The paraffin embedded sections from 40 colorectal carcinoma and 40 healthy individuals were investigated for the expression of c-Myc and p53 by immunohistochemical staining with specific monoclonal antibodies. Our data analysis demonstrated a significantly increased expression of c-Myc and P53 among colorectal cancer patients compared with control groups (p<0.01). In addition our results showed that in patients with colorectal cancer the positive expression rate was 80% and 62.5% for c-Myc and p53, respectively. Furthermore, in this study the significant correlations was found between these two markers (p<0.05) in two studied groups. Our results confirms a significant association between colorectal cancinoma and increased expression of c-Myc and P53. INTRODUCTIONS Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality in Western countries, with about1 million new cases every year diagnosed world-wide and 500,000 patients dying from the disease [1].The steps to colorectal cancer are driven by genetic alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppresser genes [2].The c-Myc oncogene has been shown to be amplified and/or overexpressed in many types of human cancer [3;4].The role for c-Myc in the development of colon tumors was first suggested by the report that c-Myc was amplified and overexpressed in a chemically induced mouse colon tumor [5].The central role of c-Myc protein in accelerating cell proliferation, documented by many early studies, has led to a general concept for Immunohistochemical Expression of C-Myc and P53 Proteins in Colorectal Carcinoma Amal , Wasan and Amal 18 many types of cancer that amplification or overexpression of this gene may be associated with a more aggressive tumor and a poorer patient survival [4;6;7]. The overexpression of c-Myc protein has also been shown to associate with a better tumor differentiation or a better patient survival for cancer of the testis, ovary, bile ducts, colon and breast [8;9]. On the other hand, P53 is a tumor suppressor gene that plays a key role in the control of the cell cycle. Cell proliferation is inhibited by normal or wild type p53 protein, which acts by arresting the cell cycle at the G1-S phase to allow DNA repair to take place. Loss of this activity may lead to neoplastic transformation. Alteration of this suppressor gene is a common event in colorectal cancer and has been associated with adverse postoperative outcome and poor survival [10;11].It is widely accepted that multiple genetic alterations underlie colorectal carcinogenesis. The p53 mutation is common in human cancers and overexpression of its products is detected in many colorectal cancers. Thus, the immunohistochemical detection of the overexpression of p53 is a useful marker for the diagnosis of carcinoma [12;13].However, the relationship between the p53 overexpression and metastasis in colorectal cancers is still controversial [14;15]. The purpose of this study was to investigate the c-myc and p53,protein expression within the same colorectal cancer tissue by using immunohistochemistry technique, to find out the correlation between these two markers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients: This study included 80 patients from Baghdad Teaching Hospital , AL-Yarmook Teaching Hospital ,Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital and private hospital. This study was carried out on (40) patients with colorectal carcinomas (CRC) (22 males and 18 females)with a mean of age 51.7 years and a range between 20 and 81 years. The control group included (40) colorectal normal tissue (CRN) (22 males and 18 females) with a mean of age 49.2 years and a range between 20 and 75 years. Samples: For each patients and control included in this study; serial sections from paraffin embedded block were taken from the archive of department of pathology of these hospitals (mention above). Tissue sections cut into 5μm thickness, put on Fisher_ brand positively charged slides. Immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) for detection of c-Myc and p53 proteins expression in paraffin embedded sections: The use of universal DakoCytomation streptavidinbiotin system purchased from DakoCytomation (USA) Immuno-histochemistry detection kit. The mouse anti-human monoclonal antibodies p53 protein AlMustansiriya J. Sci Vol. 21, No 2, 2010 19 (code NO./M7203) (Denmark) and the mouse anti-human monoclonal antibodies c-Myc protein (code 9E10)(InnonGenex ,USA). The primary antibody reacts with antigen in the tissue, and then a biotin labeled secondary antibody (link antibody) binds to the primary antibody. When the conjugate is added, the biotinylated secondary antibody will form a complex with the peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin and by adding the substrate, which contains 3,3 -diaminobenzidine (DAB) in a chromogen solution, a brown-colored precipitate will form at…

Background: Progesterone hormone is important in the preparation for and in maintaining of pregna... more Background: Progesterone hormone is important in the preparation for and in maintaining of pregnancy through different mechanisms but mainly by shifting the balance from Th1 to Th2 mediated immunity to avoid rejection of the fetus; in this study we tried to find out whether there is a relation between the level of the expression of progesterone and its stimulant HCG hormone and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Patients and Methods: Immunohistochemistry technique was performed to detect and determine the expression of progesterone and HCG hormones using paraffin embedded sections of curate samples obtained from 40 women, who where divided into three groups: 24 women with RPL, 10 women with abortion for the first time, and 6 women with induced abortion. Fac Med Baghdad 200 Results: The levels of the expression of both progesterone and HCG hormones were found to be significantly down-regulated in the first group as compared with the second group (p=0.00), and the third group (p=0.00), w...

Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 2019

This study tested the relationship between the total cost and expected benefits to the project th... more This study tested the relationship between the total cost and expected benefits to the project that proposed by top management of company selected. It was based on a key hypothesis that states, the outcome of proper and accurate analysis of the cost-benefit relationship can be considered as an indicator that can be used to assess the financial benefit of the proposed project and at the same time evaluation the accounting performance of the accountants who responsible for carrying out this process. The study contributed to formulating a group of objectives, in order to achieve the main objective of the study and test the main hypothesis, a study sample was chosen (Canadian Railway Co.) by examine a certain case in it related to study. Finally, the study reached a number of conclusions and recommendations, most importantly are, the application of the concept CBA in a proper manner will help the company to obtain a set of benefits, not limited to the assessing of the performance of acc...

Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 2020

Purpose: This study aims to highlight the concept of public budget to become acquainted with the ... more Purpose: This study aims to highlight the concept of public budget to become acquainted with the notion of participation. We also try to clarify the role of social organizations in the general budget and Shed light on the role of the State in the disclosure and transparency of public funds. Methodology: Practically, the study depends on a questionnaire prepared statistically to analyze Financial Statements of the General Budget for three frequent years (2015, 2016, and 2017). Main Findings: The aftereffects of the monetary and measurable examination show that there is no straightforwardness and exposure by the legislature during its distribution of the general financial plan of the last and last records. In addition, incomprehensiveness of the financial plan by a proper measure of straightforwardness and divulgence, the Ministry of Finance reports incorporate information and disaggregated information on government consumption, open obligation, and how to cover inability. Application...