Aman Malik - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Aman Malik
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2021
Citrus is the major tree fruit crop grown and traded worldwide. Citrus industry around the globe ... more Citrus is the major tree fruit crop grown and traded worldwide. Citrus industry around the globe has been facing deterioration in fruit cosmetic quality and increased farmgate rejections, mainly due to high incidence of rind blemishes. Rind blemishes are caused by various biotic (diseases and insects) and abiotic (environmental, physical and physiological) factors at various stages of fruit development, however initial 8–12 weeks of fruit setting are the most critical. While the causes and intensity of blemishes varies with agroecological conditions and citrus species, and fruits position in canopy, the blemishes due to melanose, scab, canker, thrips, mites, scales, and wind are generally the most common. Being a complex issue involving multiple factors in the field (environment, pathogens, tree, fruit, cultural practices), its control has always been very challenging. R&D progress overtime showed a great deal of work done on the subject, however for commercial success, an integrate...
VIII International Mango Symposium, 2009
Sapburn injury in mango fruit is a major industry concern, as it results in poor fruit quality an... more Sapburn injury in mango fruit is a major industry concern, as it results in poor fruit quality and lower prices, especially in the export markets. Different experiments have been conducted to devise strategy for sapburn management in commercial mango cultivars (cvs.) of Pakistan. In the first experiment, two commercial cvs. were compared for their total sap quantity and their relationship with harvest time. Chaunsa cv. had over 11 times more sap compared with cv. Sindhri. The amount of sap also varied with the time of the day i.e. greater, early in the morning than later during the day. In the second experiment, potential chemicals were evaluated for their efficacy in reducing the incidence of sapburn injury. During this study, mature green fruit of cvs. Sindhri and Chaunsa were used. Pedicels of harvested fruit were cut back and immediately treated with 1% aqueous solution of one of the chemicals: Calcium hydroxide, Sodium Carboximethyl Cellulose (CMC), mixtures of Lauryl Sulfate Sodium (LS) with CMC, Tween-20, Tween-80, vegetable oil and 0.1% Lauryl Sulfate Sodium, along with 0.04% detergent and simple water together with an untreated control. The treated fruits were transported to laboratory and stored (14°C and 85% relative humidity) for 7 and 14 days in case of cv. Sindhri and Chaunsa, respectively. Sapburn injury score was recorded after 24hrs, 48hrs and 72hrs during storage. Sapburn injury was significantly reduced by Calcium hydroxide and Tween-80. After storage fruits were allowed to ripe at room temperature (25±1°C). The effects of various chemicals on fruit ripening behavior, biochemical and organoleptic characteristics were evaluated. The overall results showed the superiority of Tween-80 and Calcium hydroxide treatments compared to control. CMC+LS inhibited ripening and color development of the fruit. The results of these studies will be used to devise a practical sapburn management strategy in commercial mango cvs. of Pakistan.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, 1986
ABSTRACI Experiments were conducted on developing fruitlet explants of two mango (Mangifera indic... more ABSTRACI Experiments were conducted on developing fruitlet explants of two mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars to establish the source and dynamics of ethylene production prior to and during fruitlet abscission. Abscission of all fruits in the samples occurred at approximately 86 and 74 hours postharvest in 'Keitt' and 'Tommy Atkins,' respectively. Increased abscission began 26 hours from harvest and was preceded by enhanced ethylene synthesis. Enhanced ethylene production initiated approximately 48 hours prior to abscission and increased to a maximum near the time of fruitlet abscission. The seed produced the highest amount of ethylene on a per gram fresh weight basis. The pericarp, however, was the main source of ethylene on an absolute basis, since it represented more than 85% of total fruitlet weight. Pedicels containing the abscission zone produced no detectable ethylene prior to or at the moment of abscission. Fumigation of 'Tommy Atkins' fruitlets with 1, 15, or 100 microliters per liter ethylene accelerated abscission by 24 to 36 hours in comparison with unfumigated controls. Diffusion of ethylene from distal fruitlet tissues to the abscission zone triggers the events leading to separation of the fruit from the tree.
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 2004
Changes in endogenous free polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine) were monitored from frui... more Changes in endogenous free polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine) were monitored from fruit set (fruit diameter 4.6 ± 0.5 mm, wt 0.09 ± 0.05 g) until 1 week before the expected harvest time in `Kensington Pride' and `Glen' to examine their role during mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit development. Polyamines (PAs) in the pericarp tissues (exocarp and mesocarp) were estimated throughout the fruit development period, while estimations from growing ovules were started from 41 days after fruit set (DAFS). During fruit ripening, ethylene production and endogenous free PAs in skin and pulp of `Kensington Pride' mango were also monitored. PA contents of pericarp declined between fruit set and maturity from 788 to 101 nmol·g-1 fresh weight (FW) in `Kensington Pride' and from 736.6 to 89.6 nmol·g-1 FW in `Glen' during fruit development. Spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM) were higher than putrescine (PUT) during the initial phase of fruit growth. The highest levels...
Potato is an important vegetable crop in the world due to its nutritional contents and occupies 4... more Potato is an important vegetable crop in the world due to its nutritional contents and occupies 4 position in production after cereals like rice, wheat and maize (Hancock et al., 2014). In Pakistan, potato is cultivated on 0.18 million hectares, providing an estimated annual production of 4.00 million tons, averaging 22.4 ton/ha. Pakistan ranks 20 in terms of production and 16 for export quantity (FAOSTAT, 2016). It is cultivated in Pakistan throughout the year in a wide range of agro-ecological zones classified by physiography, climate and water availability (Rauf et al., 2007). The autumn crop is the main crop grown from mid-September to January, summer crop from April to September and spring during the months of January to May (Saljoqi, 2009). The harvest from the autumn crop usually uses as seed source for summer and subsequent autumn crops. It is not used for spring crop because tubers are naturally dormant (Brown and Scheidegger, 1995). Similarly, tubers harvested from summer ...
High postharvest losses are the major concern for commercial mango supply chains.
Acta Horticulturae, 2003
... AU Malik and Z. Singh Department of Horticulture/Viticulture, Muresk Institute of Agriculture... more ... AU Malik and Z. Singh Department of Horticulture/Viticulture, Muresk Institute of Agriculture, Division of Resources and Environment, Curtin University ... mg/100 g tissue) were estimated following the method as detailed by Bhaskar (1988) and Jagota and Dani (1982), respectively ...
The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 2003
The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 2005
Résumé/Abstract Mature green mango (Mangifera indica L. cv.'Kensington Pride') fruit were... more Résumé/Abstract Mature green mango (Mangifera indica L. cv.'Kensington Pride') fruit were dipped for 6 min in aqueous solutions containing different concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.5, 1.0 mM) of various polyamines (PAs) including spermine (SPM), spermidine (SPD) and ...
Kinnow and mango are the two leading fruit industries of Pakistan. Although, the two industries d... more Kinnow and mango are the two leading fruit industries of Pakistan. Although, the two industries differ in geographic and socio-economic aspects; however, share some inherent issues in production (finance, nurseries, management, quality etc) and diverse challenges in postharvest (skilled labour, infrastructure etc) and marketing (domestic and export). Kinnow industry is more developed in terms of infrastructure and export marketing. The value chain development in Kinnow industry has been mainly led by the private sector and has become a unique example for other prospective horticultural industries. Developments in mango industry have been more recent and mainly institutionally driven through various international (AusAID/ACIAR funded ASLP mango supply/value chain projects, USAID funded FIRMS project, EU funded COP project) and public sector projects (Fruits and vegetable Development project, PARB funded CA-technology project, Supply Chain Improvement Project etc). As regards marketing, majority of orchards are still contracted. However, now the trend is changing especially in Kinnow industry, with direct contract/buying by exporters. In mangoes, more recent on-farm infrastructural developments and capacity building have helped provide impetus for farm-direct export by growers but they are still constrained with issues like finance, skilled labour and market linkages. While Kinnow has better shipping life and comparatively stable market (lower risks), export marketing remains challenging due to increasing competition and changing requirements (certifications) along with market access issues. Mango, with limited harvest window and shelf life has many postharvest management and marketing issues, although gaining momentum due to its exotic taste, various cultivars and value added products, and recent developments in seafreighting to distant offshore markets like Europe. This presentation analyses and compares the value chain developments and challenges in Kinnow and mango industries, which could help provide useful lessons for future developments and policy formulation for other industries in Pakistan as well as in other countries.
Acta Horticulturae, 2013
ABSTRACT Pakistan is the fifth largest mango growing country in the world. Despite being second m... more ABSTRACT Pakistan is the fifth largest mango growing country in the world. Despite being second most important fruit to the national economy, mango nursery production remained an under-developed enterprise in the country. Districts of Multan, Rahim Yar Khan (Punjab) and Mir Pur Khas (Sindh) are the leading areas for mango production due to large sales volumes estimated collectively about 0.12 million plants per annum. Inarching was the most preferred method for clonal propagation until late seventies. However, introduction of polyethylene grafting tape promoted the more efficient and cost-effective method of T-grafting which was later replaced by side grafting. Despite advances in propagation,raising seedling rootstocks from seed continued under trees or around commercial mango orchards which encouraged the proliferation of diseases like malformation, anthracnose and mango sudden death syndrome early in the trees life. Recently, Australia-Pakistan Agriculture Sector Linkage Program (ASLP) funded by Australian Center for International Agriculture Research (ACIAR), highlighted the problem and began to establish and popularize the concept of modern disease free mango nurseries. Their efforts are duly supported by Punjab Fruit and Vegetable Development Project (F&VDP). Work has been undertaken on development of potting mixtures using the indigenous low-cost ingredients and “Mango Germplasm Units” for provisionof sanitized and true-to-type bud wood are being established. These efforts will provide basis for the nursery certification program launched by Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department. A few commercial nursery operators have taken the cleaner nurseries initiatives that show the beginning of a new era of future mango nurseries in the country.
Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology
![Research paper thumbnail of Cultivar, Harvest Location and Cold Storage Influence Fruit Softening and Antioxidative Activities of Peach Fruit [Prunus Persica (L.) BATSCH.]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/49704383/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Pakistan Journal of Botany
Fruit softening and quality management is very important to reduce postharvest losses in peach. P... more Fruit softening and quality management is very important to reduce postharvest losses in peach. Present study was conducted to observe the effect of cultivars and harvest locations on peach fruit softening and quality during ripening following cold storage. Fruits of two peach cultivars Prunus persica (L.) Batsch., harvested from two different locations were evaluated at ripening for their postharvest fruit softening and quality after 28 days of low temperature storage. Fruit harvested from Sillanwali exhibited significantly higher ethylene production, respiration rate, fruit weight loss, ascorbic acid contents, activities of fruit softening enzymes [endo-polygalacturonase (endo-PG), exo-polygalacturonase (exo-PG)] and significantly lower fruit firmness, ground colour, soluble solid contents (SSC), SSC:TA, total phenolic contents (TPC), antioxidant scavenging activity (ASA), activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and pectin esterase (PE) enzymes ...
XXVII International Horticultural Congress - IHC2006: International Symposium on Endogenous and Exogenous Plant Bioregulators, 2008
The studies were aimed at improving fruit production and quality of 'Blood Red' sweet orange (Cit... more The studies were aimed at improving fruit production and quality of 'Blood Red' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck.). Aqueous solutions (0.01 mM) of putrescine, spermidine and spermine and the mixture of all three (0.001 mM each) were sprayed on to whole trees during full bloom. The control trees were sprayed with only water. The experimental trees were 12-15 years old, spaced at 7×7 m and were growing under similar cultural conditions. Single trees were taken as experimental plots with three replicates. Polyamines (PAs) significantly increased initial fruit set, yield/tree, and production of grade-I fruit. Maximum fruit set (25.89%) was observed on trees sprayed with spermidine followed by spermine (22.73%) and putrescine (15%) compared with control (10.10%). Putrescine application resulted in the highest fruit yield (729.3 fruit/tree) compared with control (500 fruit/tree). While, the mixture of all three PAs decreased the fruit set (9.723%) and yield (290 fruit/tree) compared with control. Fruit quality, including peel colour, peel smoothness, total soluble solids (TSS), total and non-reducing sugars was significantly improved with PAs compared with control. Maximum TSS (9.93%) was observed with the spermidine treatment compared to the minimum in controls (8.46%). Total sugars were highest (5.53%) with spermidine and non-reducing sugars (2.34%) with spermine sprays respectively, compared to control. Fruit acidity, was minimum (0.86%) with the spermidine treatment compared to control (0.93%), however, the difference was not statistically significant. Spermidine application produced fruit with higher peel color (4.12) and peel smoothness score (3.9) compared with control (2.48 and 2.57 scores respectively). Among the three PAs tested, spermidine proved to be the most effective in improving fruit set, final pack out of grade-I fruit of better quality compared with control.
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology
This study was aimed at evaluating the impact of improved harvest and handling practices includin... more This study was aimed at evaluating the impact of improved harvest and handling practices including careful fruit harvesting along with 4-6 inches long pedicels, de-stemming and de-sapping in 0.5% lime solution, 2-3 min dip and washing in tap water, on the fruit quality of mango along domestic supply chains in Pakistan compared with traditional harvest and handling system prevailing in local mango industry. Six domestic supply chains in two mango cultivars Sindhri and Samar Bahisht Chaunsa were monitored in this regard. The impact assessments were made on the basis of performance against sap burn, skin browning, lenticels spots, rots and physical damage. The effect on fruit skin color and firmness was also studied. Significant interaction of skin browning, sapburn injury, rots and physical damage was found with the practices adopted at farm level. These problems were found to start from farm (origin) and significantly increase along the supply chains depending upon the procedures adopted for produce harvest and handling. The fruits passed through improved practice had significantly better quality at retail with less skin browning (39.17% in improved vs 58.33% in traditional), low sap burn damage (15.83% vs 73.34%), smaller extent of rots (22.50% vs 68.33%) and physical damages (14.17% vs 34.17%). Non significant differences were found among the analyzed practices regarding fruit skin color, firmness and lenticel spots. Overall, the improved harvest and lime desapping technology showed potential as a best practice for the better management of mango fruit quality along the domestic supply chains.
Acta horticulturae
Exporting mangoes by sea is a commercially attractive proposition for traders throughout the worl... more Exporting mangoes by sea is a commercially attractive proposition for traders throughout the world. The same is true for Pakistan, since sea-freight is 4-5 times cheaper than air freight and large volumes can be delivered, which is not possible by air. Pakistan, being the 4 th largest mango producer internationally, has never had access to European supermarkets. However, with the opening up of their stores in Pakistan, and having evaluated the response of European customers to Pakistani mangoes, these supermarkets (Metro) are now trying to develop a seafreight supply chain for supplying Pakistani mangoes to their stores in Europe and other countries. This opportunity provided an impetus for changes in industry practices to improve quality and also provided an opportunity for public sector involvement to support such initiatives through capacity building of stakeholders. Since sea-freight takes extended time (24-28 days to Europe), mangoes need to undergo special pre-and postharvest/shipping protocols, so that at destination the delivered quality and shelf life meet required supermarket standards. In this internationally collaborative initiative, both simulated and physical experiments have been performed using Controlled Atmosphere (CA)-technology. Studies were performed using a mobile CA-lab, provided by the European collaborators, enabling performance evaluation of mangoes under different CA conditions. Trial shipments to Metro Germany, using a MAERSK CA-container, explored weaknesses in the overall supply chain logistics both in-country and on the European side, which had never handled Pakistani mangoes shipped by sea-under CA-conditions. This presentation provides an account of this multi-dimensional project, being funded and technically supported by several local and international organizations. While the project provides an insight into the progress made in developing mango seafreight supply chain, it also serves as model for agencies and countries targeting the development of similar fresh produce supply chains.
High postharvest losses are the major concern for commercial mango supply chains. The quality of ... more High postharvest losses are the major concern for commercial mango supply chains. The quality of fruit after harvesting cannot be improved but can only be maintained. It can be improved only at production level. Therefore, an understanding of the production level factors and respective management strategies in place are very crucial to ensure premium quality at harvest and along the supply chain. This review paper includes the account of preharvest factors associated with postharvest disease development and quality attributes of mango. Factors such as genetic, geographic location, environmental conditions and preharvest cultural practices including canopy management, nutrition and irrigation management, plant protection, have been reported to influence postharvest disease development and quality of mango fruit. This review summarizes the important work done on the subject to develop an understanding about recent advances in modeling mango postharvest disease development and fruit qu...
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2021
Citrus is the major tree fruit crop grown and traded worldwide. Citrus industry around the globe ... more Citrus is the major tree fruit crop grown and traded worldwide. Citrus industry around the globe has been facing deterioration in fruit cosmetic quality and increased farmgate rejections, mainly due to high incidence of rind blemishes. Rind blemishes are caused by various biotic (diseases and insects) and abiotic (environmental, physical and physiological) factors at various stages of fruit development, however initial 8–12 weeks of fruit setting are the most critical. While the causes and intensity of blemishes varies with agroecological conditions and citrus species, and fruits position in canopy, the blemishes due to melanose, scab, canker, thrips, mites, scales, and wind are generally the most common. Being a complex issue involving multiple factors in the field (environment, pathogens, tree, fruit, cultural practices), its control has always been very challenging. R&D progress overtime showed a great deal of work done on the subject, however for commercial success, an integrate...
VIII International Mango Symposium, 2009
Sapburn injury in mango fruit is a major industry concern, as it results in poor fruit quality an... more Sapburn injury in mango fruit is a major industry concern, as it results in poor fruit quality and lower prices, especially in the export markets. Different experiments have been conducted to devise strategy for sapburn management in commercial mango cultivars (cvs.) of Pakistan. In the first experiment, two commercial cvs. were compared for their total sap quantity and their relationship with harvest time. Chaunsa cv. had over 11 times more sap compared with cv. Sindhri. The amount of sap also varied with the time of the day i.e. greater, early in the morning than later during the day. In the second experiment, potential chemicals were evaluated for their efficacy in reducing the incidence of sapburn injury. During this study, mature green fruit of cvs. Sindhri and Chaunsa were used. Pedicels of harvested fruit were cut back and immediately treated with 1% aqueous solution of one of the chemicals: Calcium hydroxide, Sodium Carboximethyl Cellulose (CMC), mixtures of Lauryl Sulfate Sodium (LS) with CMC, Tween-20, Tween-80, vegetable oil and 0.1% Lauryl Sulfate Sodium, along with 0.04% detergent and simple water together with an untreated control. The treated fruits were transported to laboratory and stored (14°C and 85% relative humidity) for 7 and 14 days in case of cv. Sindhri and Chaunsa, respectively. Sapburn injury score was recorded after 24hrs, 48hrs and 72hrs during storage. Sapburn injury was significantly reduced by Calcium hydroxide and Tween-80. After storage fruits were allowed to ripe at room temperature (25±1°C). The effects of various chemicals on fruit ripening behavior, biochemical and organoleptic characteristics were evaluated. The overall results showed the superiority of Tween-80 and Calcium hydroxide treatments compared to control. CMC+LS inhibited ripening and color development of the fruit. The results of these studies will be used to devise a practical sapburn management strategy in commercial mango cvs. of Pakistan.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, 1986
ABSTRACI Experiments were conducted on developing fruitlet explants of two mango (Mangifera indic... more ABSTRACI Experiments were conducted on developing fruitlet explants of two mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars to establish the source and dynamics of ethylene production prior to and during fruitlet abscission. Abscission of all fruits in the samples occurred at approximately 86 and 74 hours postharvest in 'Keitt' and 'Tommy Atkins,' respectively. Increased abscission began 26 hours from harvest and was preceded by enhanced ethylene synthesis. Enhanced ethylene production initiated approximately 48 hours prior to abscission and increased to a maximum near the time of fruitlet abscission. The seed produced the highest amount of ethylene on a per gram fresh weight basis. The pericarp, however, was the main source of ethylene on an absolute basis, since it represented more than 85% of total fruitlet weight. Pedicels containing the abscission zone produced no detectable ethylene prior to or at the moment of abscission. Fumigation of 'Tommy Atkins' fruitlets with 1, 15, or 100 microliters per liter ethylene accelerated abscission by 24 to 36 hours in comparison with unfumigated controls. Diffusion of ethylene from distal fruitlet tissues to the abscission zone triggers the events leading to separation of the fruit from the tree.
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 2004
Changes in endogenous free polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine) were monitored from frui... more Changes in endogenous free polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine) were monitored from fruit set (fruit diameter 4.6 ± 0.5 mm, wt 0.09 ± 0.05 g) until 1 week before the expected harvest time in `Kensington Pride' and `Glen' to examine their role during mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit development. Polyamines (PAs) in the pericarp tissues (exocarp and mesocarp) were estimated throughout the fruit development period, while estimations from growing ovules were started from 41 days after fruit set (DAFS). During fruit ripening, ethylene production and endogenous free PAs in skin and pulp of `Kensington Pride' mango were also monitored. PA contents of pericarp declined between fruit set and maturity from 788 to 101 nmol·g-1 fresh weight (FW) in `Kensington Pride' and from 736.6 to 89.6 nmol·g-1 FW in `Glen' during fruit development. Spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM) were higher than putrescine (PUT) during the initial phase of fruit growth. The highest levels...
Potato is an important vegetable crop in the world due to its nutritional contents and occupies 4... more Potato is an important vegetable crop in the world due to its nutritional contents and occupies 4 position in production after cereals like rice, wheat and maize (Hancock et al., 2014). In Pakistan, potato is cultivated on 0.18 million hectares, providing an estimated annual production of 4.00 million tons, averaging 22.4 ton/ha. Pakistan ranks 20 in terms of production and 16 for export quantity (FAOSTAT, 2016). It is cultivated in Pakistan throughout the year in a wide range of agro-ecological zones classified by physiography, climate and water availability (Rauf et al., 2007). The autumn crop is the main crop grown from mid-September to January, summer crop from April to September and spring during the months of January to May (Saljoqi, 2009). The harvest from the autumn crop usually uses as seed source for summer and subsequent autumn crops. It is not used for spring crop because tubers are naturally dormant (Brown and Scheidegger, 1995). Similarly, tubers harvested from summer ...
High postharvest losses are the major concern for commercial mango supply chains.
Acta Horticulturae, 2003
... AU Malik and Z. Singh Department of Horticulture/Viticulture, Muresk Institute of Agriculture... more ... AU Malik and Z. Singh Department of Horticulture/Viticulture, Muresk Institute of Agriculture, Division of Resources and Environment, Curtin University ... mg/100 g tissue) were estimated following the method as detailed by Bhaskar (1988) and Jagota and Dani (1982), respectively ...
The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 2003
The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 2005
Résumé/Abstract Mature green mango (Mangifera indica L. cv.'Kensington Pride') fruit were... more Résumé/Abstract Mature green mango (Mangifera indica L. cv.'Kensington Pride') fruit were dipped for 6 min in aqueous solutions containing different concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.5, 1.0 mM) of various polyamines (PAs) including spermine (SPM), spermidine (SPD) and ...
Kinnow and mango are the two leading fruit industries of Pakistan. Although, the two industries d... more Kinnow and mango are the two leading fruit industries of Pakistan. Although, the two industries differ in geographic and socio-economic aspects; however, share some inherent issues in production (finance, nurseries, management, quality etc) and diverse challenges in postharvest (skilled labour, infrastructure etc) and marketing (domestic and export). Kinnow industry is more developed in terms of infrastructure and export marketing. The value chain development in Kinnow industry has been mainly led by the private sector and has become a unique example for other prospective horticultural industries. Developments in mango industry have been more recent and mainly institutionally driven through various international (AusAID/ACIAR funded ASLP mango supply/value chain projects, USAID funded FIRMS project, EU funded COP project) and public sector projects (Fruits and vegetable Development project, PARB funded CA-technology project, Supply Chain Improvement Project etc). As regards marketing, majority of orchards are still contracted. However, now the trend is changing especially in Kinnow industry, with direct contract/buying by exporters. In mangoes, more recent on-farm infrastructural developments and capacity building have helped provide impetus for farm-direct export by growers but they are still constrained with issues like finance, skilled labour and market linkages. While Kinnow has better shipping life and comparatively stable market (lower risks), export marketing remains challenging due to increasing competition and changing requirements (certifications) along with market access issues. Mango, with limited harvest window and shelf life has many postharvest management and marketing issues, although gaining momentum due to its exotic taste, various cultivars and value added products, and recent developments in seafreighting to distant offshore markets like Europe. This presentation analyses and compares the value chain developments and challenges in Kinnow and mango industries, which could help provide useful lessons for future developments and policy formulation for other industries in Pakistan as well as in other countries.
Acta Horticulturae, 2013
ABSTRACT Pakistan is the fifth largest mango growing country in the world. Despite being second m... more ABSTRACT Pakistan is the fifth largest mango growing country in the world. Despite being second most important fruit to the national economy, mango nursery production remained an under-developed enterprise in the country. Districts of Multan, Rahim Yar Khan (Punjab) and Mir Pur Khas (Sindh) are the leading areas for mango production due to large sales volumes estimated collectively about 0.12 million plants per annum. Inarching was the most preferred method for clonal propagation until late seventies. However, introduction of polyethylene grafting tape promoted the more efficient and cost-effective method of T-grafting which was later replaced by side grafting. Despite advances in propagation,raising seedling rootstocks from seed continued under trees or around commercial mango orchards which encouraged the proliferation of diseases like malformation, anthracnose and mango sudden death syndrome early in the trees life. Recently, Australia-Pakistan Agriculture Sector Linkage Program (ASLP) funded by Australian Center for International Agriculture Research (ACIAR), highlighted the problem and began to establish and popularize the concept of modern disease free mango nurseries. Their efforts are duly supported by Punjab Fruit and Vegetable Development Project (F&VDP). Work has been undertaken on development of potting mixtures using the indigenous low-cost ingredients and “Mango Germplasm Units” for provisionof sanitized and true-to-type bud wood are being established. These efforts will provide basis for the nursery certification program launched by Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department. A few commercial nursery operators have taken the cleaner nurseries initiatives that show the beginning of a new era of future mango nurseries in the country.
Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology
Pakistan Journal of Botany
Fruit softening and quality management is very important to reduce postharvest losses in peach. P... more Fruit softening and quality management is very important to reduce postharvest losses in peach. Present study was conducted to observe the effect of cultivars and harvest locations on peach fruit softening and quality during ripening following cold storage. Fruits of two peach cultivars Prunus persica (L.) Batsch., harvested from two different locations were evaluated at ripening for their postharvest fruit softening and quality after 28 days of low temperature storage. Fruit harvested from Sillanwali exhibited significantly higher ethylene production, respiration rate, fruit weight loss, ascorbic acid contents, activities of fruit softening enzymes [endo-polygalacturonase (endo-PG), exo-polygalacturonase (exo-PG)] and significantly lower fruit firmness, ground colour, soluble solid contents (SSC), SSC:TA, total phenolic contents (TPC), antioxidant scavenging activity (ASA), activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and pectin esterase (PE) enzymes ...
XXVII International Horticultural Congress - IHC2006: International Symposium on Endogenous and Exogenous Plant Bioregulators, 2008
The studies were aimed at improving fruit production and quality of 'Blood Red' sweet orange (Cit... more The studies were aimed at improving fruit production and quality of 'Blood Red' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck.). Aqueous solutions (0.01 mM) of putrescine, spermidine and spermine and the mixture of all three (0.001 mM each) were sprayed on to whole trees during full bloom. The control trees were sprayed with only water. The experimental trees were 12-15 years old, spaced at 7×7 m and were growing under similar cultural conditions. Single trees were taken as experimental plots with three replicates. Polyamines (PAs) significantly increased initial fruit set, yield/tree, and production of grade-I fruit. Maximum fruit set (25.89%) was observed on trees sprayed with spermidine followed by spermine (22.73%) and putrescine (15%) compared with control (10.10%). Putrescine application resulted in the highest fruit yield (729.3 fruit/tree) compared with control (500 fruit/tree). While, the mixture of all three PAs decreased the fruit set (9.723%) and yield (290 fruit/tree) compared with control. Fruit quality, including peel colour, peel smoothness, total soluble solids (TSS), total and non-reducing sugars was significantly improved with PAs compared with control. Maximum TSS (9.93%) was observed with the spermidine treatment compared to the minimum in controls (8.46%). Total sugars were highest (5.53%) with spermidine and non-reducing sugars (2.34%) with spermine sprays respectively, compared to control. Fruit acidity, was minimum (0.86%) with the spermidine treatment compared to control (0.93%), however, the difference was not statistically significant. Spermidine application produced fruit with higher peel color (4.12) and peel smoothness score (3.9) compared with control (2.48 and 2.57 scores respectively). Among the three PAs tested, spermidine proved to be the most effective in improving fruit set, final pack out of grade-I fruit of better quality compared with control.
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology
This study was aimed at evaluating the impact of improved harvest and handling practices includin... more This study was aimed at evaluating the impact of improved harvest and handling practices including careful fruit harvesting along with 4-6 inches long pedicels, de-stemming and de-sapping in 0.5% lime solution, 2-3 min dip and washing in tap water, on the fruit quality of mango along domestic supply chains in Pakistan compared with traditional harvest and handling system prevailing in local mango industry. Six domestic supply chains in two mango cultivars Sindhri and Samar Bahisht Chaunsa were monitored in this regard. The impact assessments were made on the basis of performance against sap burn, skin browning, lenticels spots, rots and physical damage. The effect on fruit skin color and firmness was also studied. Significant interaction of skin browning, sapburn injury, rots and physical damage was found with the practices adopted at farm level. These problems were found to start from farm (origin) and significantly increase along the supply chains depending upon the procedures adopted for produce harvest and handling. The fruits passed through improved practice had significantly better quality at retail with less skin browning (39.17% in improved vs 58.33% in traditional), low sap burn damage (15.83% vs 73.34%), smaller extent of rots (22.50% vs 68.33%) and physical damages (14.17% vs 34.17%). Non significant differences were found among the analyzed practices regarding fruit skin color, firmness and lenticel spots. Overall, the improved harvest and lime desapping technology showed potential as a best practice for the better management of mango fruit quality along the domestic supply chains.
Acta horticulturae
Exporting mangoes by sea is a commercially attractive proposition for traders throughout the worl... more Exporting mangoes by sea is a commercially attractive proposition for traders throughout the world. The same is true for Pakistan, since sea-freight is 4-5 times cheaper than air freight and large volumes can be delivered, which is not possible by air. Pakistan, being the 4 th largest mango producer internationally, has never had access to European supermarkets. However, with the opening up of their stores in Pakistan, and having evaluated the response of European customers to Pakistani mangoes, these supermarkets (Metro) are now trying to develop a seafreight supply chain for supplying Pakistani mangoes to their stores in Europe and other countries. This opportunity provided an impetus for changes in industry practices to improve quality and also provided an opportunity for public sector involvement to support such initiatives through capacity building of stakeholders. Since sea-freight takes extended time (24-28 days to Europe), mangoes need to undergo special pre-and postharvest/shipping protocols, so that at destination the delivered quality and shelf life meet required supermarket standards. In this internationally collaborative initiative, both simulated and physical experiments have been performed using Controlled Atmosphere (CA)-technology. Studies were performed using a mobile CA-lab, provided by the European collaborators, enabling performance evaluation of mangoes under different CA conditions. Trial shipments to Metro Germany, using a MAERSK CA-container, explored weaknesses in the overall supply chain logistics both in-country and on the European side, which had never handled Pakistani mangoes shipped by sea-under CA-conditions. This presentation provides an account of this multi-dimensional project, being funded and technically supported by several local and international organizations. While the project provides an insight into the progress made in developing mango seafreight supply chain, it also serves as model for agencies and countries targeting the development of similar fresh produce supply chains.
High postharvest losses are the major concern for commercial mango supply chains. The quality of ... more High postharvest losses are the major concern for commercial mango supply chains. The quality of fruit after harvesting cannot be improved but can only be maintained. It can be improved only at production level. Therefore, an understanding of the production level factors and respective management strategies in place are very crucial to ensure premium quality at harvest and along the supply chain. This review paper includes the account of preharvest factors associated with postharvest disease development and quality attributes of mango. Factors such as genetic, geographic location, environmental conditions and preharvest cultural practices including canopy management, nutrition and irrigation management, plant protection, have been reported to influence postharvest disease development and quality of mango fruit. This review summarizes the important work done on the subject to develop an understanding about recent advances in modeling mango postharvest disease development and fruit qu...