Aman U Malik - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Aman U Malik
Pakistan Journal of Botany
Mango cultivars are mostly the result of selections from open pollinated chance seedlings of indi... more Mango cultivars are mostly the result of selections from open pollinated chance seedlings of indigenous/introduced germplasm. Development of mango hybrid remains a major focus to boost local industry. Pakistan, being an important mango producing country developed a hybrid 'Faiz Kareem' by making a cross between two commercial mango cultivars i.e., Anwar Ratole X Chaunsa. These studies were carried out to compare the fruit ripening behaviour and quality of this new promising mango hybrid cultivar Faiz Kareem with its parents under ambient (28±2°C; 65-70% RH) conditions. Mature fruits of three cultivars were harvested randomly from a commercial orchard in district Multan, Punjab. During ripening, data on various physico-chemical characteristics including physiological fruit weight loss percentage, fruit softness, visual peel colour, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, sugars, vitamin C, and total carotenoids were recorded daily up to 7 days. Under ambient conditions all ...
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology
Young 'Kinnow' mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour × C. deliciosa Tenora) trees often produce i... more Young 'Kinnow' mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour × C. deliciosa Tenora) trees often produce inferior quality fruit with less juice and more rind and rag contents. The influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on fruit quality of mature citrus trees is well documented. However, little is known about the role of PGRs on the fruit quality of young 'Kinnow' mandarin trees. Therefore in the present investigation PGRs viz benzyladenine (BA) and kinetin (20 mg L -1) were applied at flowering (FL) stage and, BA, kinetin (10, 20 & 30 mg L -1) and gibberellic acid (GA 3) 10 mg L -1 were applied at fruit setting (FS) stage to 'Kinnow' mandarin trees and their effect on fruit quality was evaluated immediately after harvest (D1) and after seven days of shelf (D7) at ambient conditions (20±2ºC; 60-65% RH). The PGRs alone had significant influence on juice mass (%), rag mass (%), ascorbic acid (AA mg 100 mL -1) and reducing sugars (%) whereas, rind mass (%), TSS, titratable a...
![Research paper thumbnail of CULTIVAR, HARVEST LOCATION AND COLD STORAGE INFLUENCE FRUIT SOFTENING AND ANTIOXIDATIVE ACTIVITIES OF PEACH FRUIT [PRUNUS PERSICA (L.) BATSCH.]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39181975/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Pakistan Journal of Botany
Fruit softening and quality management is very important to reduce postharvest losses in peach. P... more Fruit softening and quality management is very important to reduce postharvest losses in peach. Present study was conducted to observe the effect of cultivars and harvest locations on peach fruit softening and quality during ripening following cold storage. Fruits of two peach cultivars Prunus persica (L.) Batsch., harvested from two different locations were evaluated at ripening for their postharvest fruit softening and quality after 28 days of low temperature storage. Fruit harvested from Sillanwali exhibited significantly higher ethylene production, respiration rate, fruit weight loss, ascorbic acid contents, activities of fruit softening enzymes [endo-polygalacturonase (endo-PG), exo-polygalacturonase (exo-PG)] and significantly lower fruit firmness, ground colour, soluble solid contents (SSC), SSC:TA, total phenolic contents (TPC), antioxidant scavenging activity (ASA), activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and pectin esterase (PE) enzymes ...
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology
This study was aimed at evaluating the impact of improved harvest and handling practices includin... more This study was aimed at evaluating the impact of improved harvest and handling practices including careful fruit harvesting along with 4-6 inches long pedicels, de-stemming and de-sapping in 0.5% lime solution, 2-3 min dip and washing in tap water, on the fruit quality of mango along domestic supply chains in Pakistan compared with traditional harvest and handling system prevailing in local mango industry. Six domestic supply chains in two mango cultivars Sindhri and Samar Bahisht Chaunsa were monitored in this regard. The impact assessments were made on the basis of performance against sap burn, skin browning, lenticels spots, rots and physical damage. The effect on fruit skin color and firmness was also studied. Significant interaction of skin browning, sapburn injury, rots and physical damage was found with the practices adopted at farm level. These problems were found to start from farm (origin) and significantly increase along the supply chains depending upon the procedures adopted for produce harvest and handling. The fruits passed through improved practice had significantly better quality at retail with less skin browning (39.17% in improved vs 58.33% in traditional), low sap burn damage (15.83% vs 73.34%), smaller extent of rots (22.50% vs 68.33%) and physical damages (14.17% vs 34.17%). Non significant differences were found among the analyzed practices regarding fruit skin color, firmness and lenticel spots. Overall, the improved harvest and lime desapping technology showed potential as a best practice for the better management of mango fruit quality along the domestic supply chains.
Acta horticulturae
Exporting mangoes by sea is a commercially attractive proposition for traders throughout the worl... more Exporting mangoes by sea is a commercially attractive proposition for traders throughout the world. The same is true for Pakistan, since sea-freight is 4-5 times cheaper than air freight and large volumes can be delivered, which is not possible by air. Pakistan, being the 4 th largest mango producer internationally, has never had access to European supermarkets. However, with the opening up of their stores in Pakistan, and having evaluated the response of European customers to Pakistani mangoes, these supermarkets (Metro) are now trying to develop a seafreight supply chain for supplying Pakistani mangoes to their stores in Europe and other countries. This opportunity provided an impetus for changes in industry practices to improve quality and also provided an opportunity for public sector involvement to support such initiatives through capacity building of stakeholders. Since sea-freight takes extended time (24-28 days to Europe), mangoes need to undergo special pre-and postharvest/shipping protocols, so that at destination the delivered quality and shelf life meet required supermarket standards. In this internationally collaborative initiative, both simulated and physical experiments have been performed using Controlled Atmosphere (CA)-technology. Studies were performed using a mobile CA-lab, provided by the European collaborators, enabling performance evaluation of mangoes under different CA conditions. Trial shipments to Metro Germany, using a MAERSK CA-container, explored weaknesses in the overall supply chain logistics both in-country and on the European side, which had never handled Pakistani mangoes shipped by sea-under CA-conditions. This presentation provides an account of this multi-dimensional project, being funded and technically supported by several local and international organizations. While the project provides an insight into the progress made in developing mango seafreight supply chain, it also serves as model for agencies and countries targeting the development of similar fresh produce supply chains.
High postharvest losses are the major concern for commercial mango supply chains. The quality of ... more High postharvest losses are the major concern for commercial mango supply chains. The quality of fruit after harvesting cannot be improved but can only be maintained. It can be improved only at production level. Therefore, an understanding of the production level factors and respective management strategies in place are very crucial to ensure premium quality at harvest and along the supply chain. This review paper includes the account of preharvest factors associated with postharvest disease development and quality attributes of mango. Factors such as genetic, geographic location, environmental conditions and preharvest cultural practices including canopy management, nutrition and irrigation management, plant protection, have been reported to influence postharvest disease development and quality of mango fruit. This review summarizes the important work done on the subject to develop an understanding about recent advances in modeling mango postharvest disease development and fruit qu...
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology
2012. Impact of different packaging types and low temperature shipping durations on fruit quality... more 2012. Impact of different packaging types and low temperature shipping durations on fruit quality and marketability of Pakistani mangoes. Int. ABSTRACT Corrugated cardboard boxes are being used for the export of mango fruit worldwide. However, for sea freight, the performance of cardboard box (open vs closed) needs to be evaluated for shipment under low temperature conditions. Under this perspective, two different types of corrugated cardboard box packagings were compared for their effect on the quality, marketability and consumer acceptability in two commercial mango cultivars (Sindhri & Sufaid Chaunsa) of Pakistan under simulated harvest, handling and shipping conditions with storage (11°C; 80-85% RH) intervals of 3, 4 and 5 weeks. Both Sindhri and Sufaid Chaunsa mangoes packed in open top boxes had higher marketability with better firmness and higher sugar contents (less softness score; significant in case of cv. Sufaid Chaunsa only) at ripening as compared to the fruit of closed...
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
The core purpose of this current research was to meticulously survey four tehsils of Sargodha dis... more The core purpose of this current research was to meticulously survey four tehsils of Sargodha district and to probe the present status of citrus decline in infected citrus orchards. The utmost fungi (39.52%) were secluded from the roots followed by the soil (38.86%). The highest Fusarium sp. followed by Aspergillus, Phytophthora, Pythium, Penicillium and Alternaria species were remote from the collected samples of roots and soil from the four tehsils of Sargodha district of Pakistan. The maximum Fusarium sp. was isolated from the roots of declining citrus trees from tehsil Bhalwal (68.57%) followed by Kot Momin (65.87%), Sillanwali (55.87%) and Sargodha (50.32%). Toxin studies were also carried out using thin layer chromatography which revealed that F. solani produces toxins (anhydrofusarubin) which may cause decline in citrus. In vitro effect of fungicides on the mycelial growth rate of Fusarium solani exposed aliete to be more effective at 50 and 100 ppm, respectively. Ridomil Gol...
The studies were carried out to investigate the effects of low temperature storage on the physico... more The studies were carried out to investigate the effects of low temperature storage on the physico-chemical characteristics of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn) cvs. ‘Bedana’ and ‘Serai’ fruit. Fruit of both cultivars were stored at 5°C for 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days to determine their physico-chemical characteristics immediately after each removal. During storage fruit firmness and sensory values increased, and pericarp browning index, postharvest disease index and peel color acceptability index were increased in both cultivars. Fruit weight loss, pericarp browning and disease severity index were higher in ‘Serai’ than ‘Bedana’ fruit. The fruit of cultivar ‘Bedana’ exhibited higher aril: stone ratio than ‘Serai’. Flavor, texture and aroma changed rapidly in ‘Serai’ than ‘Bedana’ fruit. The pH of fruit juice showed slightly increasing trend during 28 days of storage, while SSC (Soluble solids concentration), TA (titratable acidity), levels of ascorbic acid and total sugars showed decreasi...
Mango fruit quality, storability and marketability depend upon the maturity at harvest. Comprehen... more Mango fruit quality, storability and marketability depend upon the maturity at harvest. Comprehensive studies were conducted on tree and fruit biological factors associated with the fruit harvest maturity of two commercial mango cultivars ('Sindhri' and 'Samar Bahisht Chaunsa') of Pakistan. Under this perspective, investigations were made regarding the relationship of panicle emergence, canopy location, fruit size, fruit surface, shoulder position, sinus fullness, specific gravity, pulp colour, total soluble solid contents and pulp dry matter contents with fruit maturation. A significant relationship was found between panicle emergence and fruit maturation. Specific gravity, pulp colour, total soluble solids and pulp dry matter were identified as being the most important and commercially applicable fruit harvest maturity indicators in both cultivars. Quality at ripe stage was also significantly affected by panicle emergence: the fruit harvested from early emerged pan...
Acta horticulturae
Pakistan is the fifth largest mango growing country in the world. Despite being second most impor... more Pakistan is the fifth largest mango growing country in the world. Despite being second most important fruit to the national economy, mango nursery production remained an under-developed enterprise in the country. Districts of Multan, Rahim Yar Khan (Punjab) and Mir Pur Khas (Sindh) are the leading areas for mango production due to large sales volumes estimated collectively about 0.12 million plants per annum. Inarching was the most preferred method for clonal propagation until late seventies. However, introduction of polyethylene grafting tape promoted the more efficient and cost-effective method of T-grafting which was later replaced by side grafting. Despite advances in propagation,raising seedling rootstocks from seed continued under trees or around commercial mango orchards which encouraged the proliferation of diseases like malformation, anthracnose and mango sudden death syndrome early in the trees life. Recently, Australia-Pakistan Agriculture Sector Linkage Program (ASLP) fu...
IX International Mango Symposium, 2013
The storage life and quality of mango fruit is significantly influenced by the stage of harvest m... more The storage life and quality of mango fruit is significantly influenced by the stage of harvest maturity. Fruit harvest maturity indicators for the Pakistani mango cultivars have not been scientifically determined so far. Present studies were targeted to determine different fruit harvest maturity indices for two commercial mango cultivars ('Sindhri' and 'Samar Bahisht (S.B.) Chaunsa' of Pakistan. Significant interaction was found between panicle emergence and fruit maturation (harvest date) regarding fruit pulp dry matter contents in both cultivars. In 'S.B. Chaunsa' mangoes, significant interaction was found between panicle emergence and maturation with respect to specific gravity, TSS, shoulder position and pulp colour. Both 'Sindhri' and 'Chaunsa' mangoes were found to have light yellow pulp colour near the stone at the onset of maturity. Mature 'Sindhri' fruit had <1.0-1.02 specific gravity, 6.0-7.5°Brix TSS, 17-20% pulp dry matter and drooping to levelled shoulders. The fruit of 'S.B. Chaunsa' had 1.02-1.04 specific gravity, 9.0-11.0°Brix TSS, 18-21% pulp dry matter and levelled to raised shoulders at maturity.
IX International Mango Symposium, 2013
With ever growing international mango trade, sea-freighting mangoes has become a commercial inter... more With ever growing international mango trade, sea-freighting mangoes has become a commercial interest both for the exporters and importers, since it is the most economical mean of bulk transportation and making mangoes available at affordable prices in the import markets. Mangoes are being sea-freighted using a range of containers, in different parts of the world. Static R&D trials and physical sea-freight shipments show variable success, mainly on account of the produce specific and supply chain logistics limitations. To be commercially successful, it needs a system built around the technology starting from orchard to the consumer. Further, launching a new product which is substantially different from the current lines of fruit in the market requires educating handlers and buyers. New concept of mango orchard rating based on postharvest disease development and quality is being tested, to help devise an orchard registration program for successful mango sea-freighting to distant markets. There has been little documented information on mango sea-freight work from an international perspective. This joint industry paper is based on the progress made in mango sea-freight shipments from Australia and Pakistan highlighting related issues for commercializing this technology in future.
International Symposium Postharvest Pacifica 2009 - Pathways to Quality: V International Symposium on Managing Quality in Chains + Australasian Postharvest Horticultural Conference, 2010
This paper describes the introduction and application of a unique integral supply chain approach ... more This paper describes the introduction and application of a unique integral supply chain approach to mango industry development in Pakistan. Using this system based approach, the fruits of two promising mango cultivars ('Sindhri' and 'Chaunsa') were monitored from tree to retail outlets. Fruit quality was analyzed at all levels in the supply chain (on the tree, at harvest, at the packing shed, at wholesale markets and at retail outlets) to determine the extent of fruit quality losses at each stage. For every 100 fruits on the tree at harvest, only 32 and 25 fruits of 'Sindhri' and 'Chaunsa' respectively reached retail outlets at a quality level acceptable to the market. Sap burn, bruising, physical damage, diseases and some other disorders were identified as the major causes of quality loss with variable impact at different stages of the supply chain. Most losses were caused by poor methods of harvesting and poor transportation from the packing shed to wholesale markets. The integral supply chain approach has been adopted to address these and other factors currently limiting the competitiveness of mango businesses in Pakistan. Demonstration mango supply chains have been established, comprising commercial participants who are willing to explore how the current situation of the industry can be improved. Mango postharvest quality improvement, domestic and export market research and information and technology transfer through capacity building activities are being used as tools to increase the ratio of better quality mangoes reaching consumers. This study is important because determination of losses throughout the chain and managing them using an integral supply chain approach, in developing countries, has not been reported in the horticultural literature before.
Among the micronutrients, B and Zn play very vital role in the nutrition of citrus. To study the ... more Among the micronutrients, B and Zn play very vital role in the nutrition of citrus. To study the influence of foliar application of boron and zinc (as boric acid and zinc sulphate) on the tree growth and fruit quality of Citrus reticulate Blanco cv. ‘Kinnnow’, two separate experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, boric acid at the rate of 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4%, and in the second experiment, zinc sulphate at the rate of 0, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% were sprayed after fruit setting stage to the nine year old Kinnow mandarin trees budded on Rough Lemon (Citrus jambheri L.) root stock. Foliar application of boric acid (0.3%) significantly increased the leaf N, P, Ca and Mn levels, while leaf K and Zn levels were highest with 0.2% boric acid application as compared to other treatments. The trees sprayed with 0.4% boric acid showed highest leaf B contents in Kinnow mandarin leaves. Tree height and flush length; fruit yield; fruit titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, total...
Soft nose has proved to be a very serious threat to mango industry all over the world causing unb... more Soft nose has proved to be a very serious threat to mango industry all over the world causing unbearable economic losses. Being the victims of this disorder, numerous mango varieties having great export potential are not able to enter into the international markets. Its actual cause is yet to be explored. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pre and postharvest application of different calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) salts on postharvest soft nose disorder in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Samar Bahisht Chaunsa. For preharvest treatment, aqueous solutions of different concentrations of Ca and Mg were sprayed on the mango trees in an orchard 15 days prior to harvest and for postharvest application, fruits were dipped for 10 minutes in various concentrations of Ca and Mg. The fruits were harvested at the mature green stage and stored (12+1oC and 85% RH) for 15 days. At the end of storage, fruits were ripened at ambient temperature (25+1oC, 75-80% RH). Incidence of soft nose ...
Pakistan Journal of Botany
Mango cultivars are mostly the result of selections from open pollinated chance seedlings of indi... more Mango cultivars are mostly the result of selections from open pollinated chance seedlings of indigenous/introduced germplasm. Development of mango hybrid remains a major focus to boost local industry. Pakistan, being an important mango producing country developed a hybrid 'Faiz Kareem' by making a cross between two commercial mango cultivars i.e., Anwar Ratole X Chaunsa. These studies were carried out to compare the fruit ripening behaviour and quality of this new promising mango hybrid cultivar Faiz Kareem with its parents under ambient (28±2°C; 65-70% RH) conditions. Mature fruits of three cultivars were harvested randomly from a commercial orchard in district Multan, Punjab. During ripening, data on various physico-chemical characteristics including physiological fruit weight loss percentage, fruit softness, visual peel colour, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, sugars, vitamin C, and total carotenoids were recorded daily up to 7 days. Under ambient conditions all ...
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology
Young 'Kinnow' mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour × C. deliciosa Tenora) trees often produce i... more Young 'Kinnow' mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour × C. deliciosa Tenora) trees often produce inferior quality fruit with less juice and more rind and rag contents. The influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on fruit quality of mature citrus trees is well documented. However, little is known about the role of PGRs on the fruit quality of young 'Kinnow' mandarin trees. Therefore in the present investigation PGRs viz benzyladenine (BA) and kinetin (20 mg L -1) were applied at flowering (FL) stage and, BA, kinetin (10, 20 & 30 mg L -1) and gibberellic acid (GA 3) 10 mg L -1 were applied at fruit setting (FS) stage to 'Kinnow' mandarin trees and their effect on fruit quality was evaluated immediately after harvest (D1) and after seven days of shelf (D7) at ambient conditions (20±2ºC; 60-65% RH). The PGRs alone had significant influence on juice mass (%), rag mass (%), ascorbic acid (AA mg 100 mL -1) and reducing sugars (%) whereas, rind mass (%), TSS, titratable a...
Pakistan Journal of Botany
Fruit softening and quality management is very important to reduce postharvest losses in peach. P... more Fruit softening and quality management is very important to reduce postharvest losses in peach. Present study was conducted to observe the effect of cultivars and harvest locations on peach fruit softening and quality during ripening following cold storage. Fruits of two peach cultivars Prunus persica (L.) Batsch., harvested from two different locations were evaluated at ripening for their postharvest fruit softening and quality after 28 days of low temperature storage. Fruit harvested from Sillanwali exhibited significantly higher ethylene production, respiration rate, fruit weight loss, ascorbic acid contents, activities of fruit softening enzymes [endo-polygalacturonase (endo-PG), exo-polygalacturonase (exo-PG)] and significantly lower fruit firmness, ground colour, soluble solid contents (SSC), SSC:TA, total phenolic contents (TPC), antioxidant scavenging activity (ASA), activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and pectin esterase (PE) enzymes ...
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology
This study was aimed at evaluating the impact of improved harvest and handling practices includin... more This study was aimed at evaluating the impact of improved harvest and handling practices including careful fruit harvesting along with 4-6 inches long pedicels, de-stemming and de-sapping in 0.5% lime solution, 2-3 min dip and washing in tap water, on the fruit quality of mango along domestic supply chains in Pakistan compared with traditional harvest and handling system prevailing in local mango industry. Six domestic supply chains in two mango cultivars Sindhri and Samar Bahisht Chaunsa were monitored in this regard. The impact assessments were made on the basis of performance against sap burn, skin browning, lenticels spots, rots and physical damage. The effect on fruit skin color and firmness was also studied. Significant interaction of skin browning, sapburn injury, rots and physical damage was found with the practices adopted at farm level. These problems were found to start from farm (origin) and significantly increase along the supply chains depending upon the procedures adopted for produce harvest and handling. The fruits passed through improved practice had significantly better quality at retail with less skin browning (39.17% in improved vs 58.33% in traditional), low sap burn damage (15.83% vs 73.34%), smaller extent of rots (22.50% vs 68.33%) and physical damages (14.17% vs 34.17%). Non significant differences were found among the analyzed practices regarding fruit skin color, firmness and lenticel spots. Overall, the improved harvest and lime desapping technology showed potential as a best practice for the better management of mango fruit quality along the domestic supply chains.
Acta horticulturae
Exporting mangoes by sea is a commercially attractive proposition for traders throughout the worl... more Exporting mangoes by sea is a commercially attractive proposition for traders throughout the world. The same is true for Pakistan, since sea-freight is 4-5 times cheaper than air freight and large volumes can be delivered, which is not possible by air. Pakistan, being the 4 th largest mango producer internationally, has never had access to European supermarkets. However, with the opening up of their stores in Pakistan, and having evaluated the response of European customers to Pakistani mangoes, these supermarkets (Metro) are now trying to develop a seafreight supply chain for supplying Pakistani mangoes to their stores in Europe and other countries. This opportunity provided an impetus for changes in industry practices to improve quality and also provided an opportunity for public sector involvement to support such initiatives through capacity building of stakeholders. Since sea-freight takes extended time (24-28 days to Europe), mangoes need to undergo special pre-and postharvest/shipping protocols, so that at destination the delivered quality and shelf life meet required supermarket standards. In this internationally collaborative initiative, both simulated and physical experiments have been performed using Controlled Atmosphere (CA)-technology. Studies were performed using a mobile CA-lab, provided by the European collaborators, enabling performance evaluation of mangoes under different CA conditions. Trial shipments to Metro Germany, using a MAERSK CA-container, explored weaknesses in the overall supply chain logistics both in-country and on the European side, which had never handled Pakistani mangoes shipped by sea-under CA-conditions. This presentation provides an account of this multi-dimensional project, being funded and technically supported by several local and international organizations. While the project provides an insight into the progress made in developing mango seafreight supply chain, it also serves as model for agencies and countries targeting the development of similar fresh produce supply chains.
High postharvest losses are the major concern for commercial mango supply chains. The quality of ... more High postharvest losses are the major concern for commercial mango supply chains. The quality of fruit after harvesting cannot be improved but can only be maintained. It can be improved only at production level. Therefore, an understanding of the production level factors and respective management strategies in place are very crucial to ensure premium quality at harvest and along the supply chain. This review paper includes the account of preharvest factors associated with postharvest disease development and quality attributes of mango. Factors such as genetic, geographic location, environmental conditions and preharvest cultural practices including canopy management, nutrition and irrigation management, plant protection, have been reported to influence postharvest disease development and quality of mango fruit. This review summarizes the important work done on the subject to develop an understanding about recent advances in modeling mango postharvest disease development and fruit qu...
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology
2012. Impact of different packaging types and low temperature shipping durations on fruit quality... more 2012. Impact of different packaging types and low temperature shipping durations on fruit quality and marketability of Pakistani mangoes. Int. ABSTRACT Corrugated cardboard boxes are being used for the export of mango fruit worldwide. However, for sea freight, the performance of cardboard box (open vs closed) needs to be evaluated for shipment under low temperature conditions. Under this perspective, two different types of corrugated cardboard box packagings were compared for their effect on the quality, marketability and consumer acceptability in two commercial mango cultivars (Sindhri & Sufaid Chaunsa) of Pakistan under simulated harvest, handling and shipping conditions with storage (11°C; 80-85% RH) intervals of 3, 4 and 5 weeks. Both Sindhri and Sufaid Chaunsa mangoes packed in open top boxes had higher marketability with better firmness and higher sugar contents (less softness score; significant in case of cv. Sufaid Chaunsa only) at ripening as compared to the fruit of closed...
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
The core purpose of this current research was to meticulously survey four tehsils of Sargodha dis... more The core purpose of this current research was to meticulously survey four tehsils of Sargodha district and to probe the present status of citrus decline in infected citrus orchards. The utmost fungi (39.52%) were secluded from the roots followed by the soil (38.86%). The highest Fusarium sp. followed by Aspergillus, Phytophthora, Pythium, Penicillium and Alternaria species were remote from the collected samples of roots and soil from the four tehsils of Sargodha district of Pakistan. The maximum Fusarium sp. was isolated from the roots of declining citrus trees from tehsil Bhalwal (68.57%) followed by Kot Momin (65.87%), Sillanwali (55.87%) and Sargodha (50.32%). Toxin studies were also carried out using thin layer chromatography which revealed that F. solani produces toxins (anhydrofusarubin) which may cause decline in citrus. In vitro effect of fungicides on the mycelial growth rate of Fusarium solani exposed aliete to be more effective at 50 and 100 ppm, respectively. Ridomil Gol...
The studies were carried out to investigate the effects of low temperature storage on the physico... more The studies were carried out to investigate the effects of low temperature storage on the physico-chemical characteristics of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn) cvs. ‘Bedana’ and ‘Serai’ fruit. Fruit of both cultivars were stored at 5°C for 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days to determine their physico-chemical characteristics immediately after each removal. During storage fruit firmness and sensory values increased, and pericarp browning index, postharvest disease index and peel color acceptability index were increased in both cultivars. Fruit weight loss, pericarp browning and disease severity index were higher in ‘Serai’ than ‘Bedana’ fruit. The fruit of cultivar ‘Bedana’ exhibited higher aril: stone ratio than ‘Serai’. Flavor, texture and aroma changed rapidly in ‘Serai’ than ‘Bedana’ fruit. The pH of fruit juice showed slightly increasing trend during 28 days of storage, while SSC (Soluble solids concentration), TA (titratable acidity), levels of ascorbic acid and total sugars showed decreasi...
Mango fruit quality, storability and marketability depend upon the maturity at harvest. Comprehen... more Mango fruit quality, storability and marketability depend upon the maturity at harvest. Comprehensive studies were conducted on tree and fruit biological factors associated with the fruit harvest maturity of two commercial mango cultivars ('Sindhri' and 'Samar Bahisht Chaunsa') of Pakistan. Under this perspective, investigations were made regarding the relationship of panicle emergence, canopy location, fruit size, fruit surface, shoulder position, sinus fullness, specific gravity, pulp colour, total soluble solid contents and pulp dry matter contents with fruit maturation. A significant relationship was found between panicle emergence and fruit maturation. Specific gravity, pulp colour, total soluble solids and pulp dry matter were identified as being the most important and commercially applicable fruit harvest maturity indicators in both cultivars. Quality at ripe stage was also significantly affected by panicle emergence: the fruit harvested from early emerged pan...
Acta horticulturae
Pakistan is the fifth largest mango growing country in the world. Despite being second most impor... more Pakistan is the fifth largest mango growing country in the world. Despite being second most important fruit to the national economy, mango nursery production remained an under-developed enterprise in the country. Districts of Multan, Rahim Yar Khan (Punjab) and Mir Pur Khas (Sindh) are the leading areas for mango production due to large sales volumes estimated collectively about 0.12 million plants per annum. Inarching was the most preferred method for clonal propagation until late seventies. However, introduction of polyethylene grafting tape promoted the more efficient and cost-effective method of T-grafting which was later replaced by side grafting. Despite advances in propagation,raising seedling rootstocks from seed continued under trees or around commercial mango orchards which encouraged the proliferation of diseases like malformation, anthracnose and mango sudden death syndrome early in the trees life. Recently, Australia-Pakistan Agriculture Sector Linkage Program (ASLP) fu...
IX International Mango Symposium, 2013
The storage life and quality of mango fruit is significantly influenced by the stage of harvest m... more The storage life and quality of mango fruit is significantly influenced by the stage of harvest maturity. Fruit harvest maturity indicators for the Pakistani mango cultivars have not been scientifically determined so far. Present studies were targeted to determine different fruit harvest maturity indices for two commercial mango cultivars ('Sindhri' and 'Samar Bahisht (S.B.) Chaunsa' of Pakistan. Significant interaction was found between panicle emergence and fruit maturation (harvest date) regarding fruit pulp dry matter contents in both cultivars. In 'S.B. Chaunsa' mangoes, significant interaction was found between panicle emergence and maturation with respect to specific gravity, TSS, shoulder position and pulp colour. Both 'Sindhri' and 'Chaunsa' mangoes were found to have light yellow pulp colour near the stone at the onset of maturity. Mature 'Sindhri' fruit had <1.0-1.02 specific gravity, 6.0-7.5°Brix TSS, 17-20% pulp dry matter and drooping to levelled shoulders. The fruit of 'S.B. Chaunsa' had 1.02-1.04 specific gravity, 9.0-11.0°Brix TSS, 18-21% pulp dry matter and levelled to raised shoulders at maturity.
IX International Mango Symposium, 2013
With ever growing international mango trade, sea-freighting mangoes has become a commercial inter... more With ever growing international mango trade, sea-freighting mangoes has become a commercial interest both for the exporters and importers, since it is the most economical mean of bulk transportation and making mangoes available at affordable prices in the import markets. Mangoes are being sea-freighted using a range of containers, in different parts of the world. Static R&D trials and physical sea-freight shipments show variable success, mainly on account of the produce specific and supply chain logistics limitations. To be commercially successful, it needs a system built around the technology starting from orchard to the consumer. Further, launching a new product which is substantially different from the current lines of fruit in the market requires educating handlers and buyers. New concept of mango orchard rating based on postharvest disease development and quality is being tested, to help devise an orchard registration program for successful mango sea-freighting to distant markets. There has been little documented information on mango sea-freight work from an international perspective. This joint industry paper is based on the progress made in mango sea-freight shipments from Australia and Pakistan highlighting related issues for commercializing this technology in future.
International Symposium Postharvest Pacifica 2009 - Pathways to Quality: V International Symposium on Managing Quality in Chains + Australasian Postharvest Horticultural Conference, 2010
This paper describes the introduction and application of a unique integral supply chain approach ... more This paper describes the introduction and application of a unique integral supply chain approach to mango industry development in Pakistan. Using this system based approach, the fruits of two promising mango cultivars ('Sindhri' and 'Chaunsa') were monitored from tree to retail outlets. Fruit quality was analyzed at all levels in the supply chain (on the tree, at harvest, at the packing shed, at wholesale markets and at retail outlets) to determine the extent of fruit quality losses at each stage. For every 100 fruits on the tree at harvest, only 32 and 25 fruits of 'Sindhri' and 'Chaunsa' respectively reached retail outlets at a quality level acceptable to the market. Sap burn, bruising, physical damage, diseases and some other disorders were identified as the major causes of quality loss with variable impact at different stages of the supply chain. Most losses were caused by poor methods of harvesting and poor transportation from the packing shed to wholesale markets. The integral supply chain approach has been adopted to address these and other factors currently limiting the competitiveness of mango businesses in Pakistan. Demonstration mango supply chains have been established, comprising commercial participants who are willing to explore how the current situation of the industry can be improved. Mango postharvest quality improvement, domestic and export market research and information and technology transfer through capacity building activities are being used as tools to increase the ratio of better quality mangoes reaching consumers. This study is important because determination of losses throughout the chain and managing them using an integral supply chain approach, in developing countries, has not been reported in the horticultural literature before.
Among the micronutrients, B and Zn play very vital role in the nutrition of citrus. To study the ... more Among the micronutrients, B and Zn play very vital role in the nutrition of citrus. To study the influence of foliar application of boron and zinc (as boric acid and zinc sulphate) on the tree growth and fruit quality of Citrus reticulate Blanco cv. ‘Kinnnow’, two separate experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, boric acid at the rate of 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4%, and in the second experiment, zinc sulphate at the rate of 0, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% were sprayed after fruit setting stage to the nine year old Kinnow mandarin trees budded on Rough Lemon (Citrus jambheri L.) root stock. Foliar application of boric acid (0.3%) significantly increased the leaf N, P, Ca and Mn levels, while leaf K and Zn levels were highest with 0.2% boric acid application as compared to other treatments. The trees sprayed with 0.4% boric acid showed highest leaf B contents in Kinnow mandarin leaves. Tree height and flush length; fruit yield; fruit titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, total...
Soft nose has proved to be a very serious threat to mango industry all over the world causing unb... more Soft nose has proved to be a very serious threat to mango industry all over the world causing unbearable economic losses. Being the victims of this disorder, numerous mango varieties having great export potential are not able to enter into the international markets. Its actual cause is yet to be explored. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pre and postharvest application of different calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) salts on postharvest soft nose disorder in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Samar Bahisht Chaunsa. For preharvest treatment, aqueous solutions of different concentrations of Ca and Mg were sprayed on the mango trees in an orchard 15 days prior to harvest and for postharvest application, fruits were dipped for 10 minutes in various concentrations of Ca and Mg. The fruits were harvested at the mature green stage and stored (12+1oC and 85% RH) for 15 days. At the end of storage, fruits were ripened at ambient temperature (25+1oC, 75-80% RH). Incidence of soft nose ...