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Papers by Amandeep Sharma

Journal of Food Processing and Preservation

The study evaluated the use of corn, quinoa, and tapioca starches with glycerol to develop biopol... more The study evaluated the use of corn, quinoa, and tapioca starches with glycerol to develop biopolymer films. The water binding and oil binding capacities of the starches were determined, and tapioca starch was found to have good film-forming properties and produce transparent films. During the study, starches and glycerol with concentrations of 6% w / v and 3% w / v respectively, were used to develop the biopolymer films. These starches were evaluated for water binding and oil binding, with capacities that ranged from 182.62 to 199.60% and 159.02 to 193.33%, respectively. Quinoa starch presented the highest final viscosity (3584.00 cP), followed by corn starch (3058.00 cP) and tapioca starch (2547.00 cP), which indicate that these starches possess an intermediate range of viscosities required for the development of biopolymeric films. Comparative studies of the properties of starches were done with the intention of developing better quality films among corn, quinoa, and tapioca star...

Non-conventional cooling systems have found wide range of applications to meet the energy require... more Non-conventional cooling systems have found wide range of applications to meet the energy requirements of the present and future. This paper presents a review of thermoelectric cooling/ heating systems and their applicability in various sectors. It explores the fundamentals of thermoelectric cooling/ heating and its applications. The efficiency of thermoelectric materials and its scope for improvement is also discussed.

India is the largest milk producer as well as consumer of milk and milk products play significant... more India is the largest milk producer as well as consumer of milk and milk products play significant role in Indian diet and are the most acceptable source of animal protein for large vegetarian segment of Indian population. Effective on-farm cooling of milk and maintenance of low temperature while transporting it from milking centre to collection centre is very important to ensure the quality of milk. To design an effective cooling system for on farm cooling of milk, there is a need to focus on some parameters like cooling rate, hygiene conditions, ergonomic features, etc. The present paper is an attempt to discuss the approach for designing a workable, easy to handle, low cost and sturdy farm milk chiller for maintaining the milk quality and cool chain during the initial stage of milk handling.

Agricultural Engineering International Cigr Journal, Sep 30, 2014

In developed countries the milking collection is done to process in various diary plants situated... more In developed countries the milking collection is done to process in various diary plants situated far away from production areas. There is a problem of cool chain management, which, generally is absent at farm levels. To manage the cool chain in milk transportation system right from farm level it is required that some locally available techniques/materials should be selected and used for milk chilling. The objective of current study is to ascertain mechanism for chilling of milk at farm immediately after milking. The experiments were conducted and the cooling performance was evaluated by noting down the drop in temperature with respect to time using mercury thermometer. The respective regression equation and R 2 value were obtained for every run of the experiment. It was observed that the relation between temperature drop and time was significant for coolant to product ratio of 1:3 & 1:2 under insulated condition (p<0.05). The study showed that the cooling of milk can effectively be done by immersing the ice packs in milk by using ice to product ratio in range from 1:3 to 1:2 under insulated condition within the recommended time as per standards.

International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2019

Milk is a highly perishable commodity and needs quick processing to prevent growth of microorgani... more Milk is a highly perishable commodity and needs quick processing to prevent growth of microorganisms. Milk processing mainly contains heating and cooling operations and for most of the heating operations, steam is used as a heat transfer fluid. But the increasing energy demand leads to search for alternative renewable energy resources. Sun energy is highly efficient, free to use and does not harm the environment. A comparative study was done to select best heat transfer material for heating operations in milk processing. During the study, different energy storage materials viz. thermal fluids and phase changing material (PCM) in the form of salts were investigated to check their thermal profile, engineering characteristics viz. thermal expansion, melting point, smoke point etc. were evaluated. Sensible heat energy storage of thermal fluids namely; paraffin oil (light), silicon oil and phase changing salts namely; acetamide, magnesium chloride hexahydrate were analyzed for their heat absorption and thermo-physical properties. Among these four materials, paraffin oil was found as highest thermal energy absorbing material. The phase changing salts has more heat storage density as they absorb the heat in the form of latent heat. This leads to the storage of thermal energy for a longer period, once the salts are charged by heating but maximum heat energy was absorbed by paraffin oil (276 ˚C) surging ahead of silicon oil (260 ˚C). Peak temperature achieved by these oils is more than sufficient to cover the entire range of heating operations required in dairy process industries.

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2019

Milk is a highly perishable commodity and needs quick processing to prevent growth of microorgani... more Milk is a highly perishable commodity and needs quick processing to prevent growth of microorganisms. Milk processing mainly contains heating and cooling operations and for most of the heating operations, steam is used as a heat transfer fluid. But the increasing energy demand leads to search for alternative renewable energy resources. Sun energy is highly efficient, free to use and does not harm the environment. A comparative study was done to select best heat transfer material for heating operations in milk processing. During the study, different energy storage materials viz. thermal fluids and phase changing material (PCM) in the form of salts were investigated to check their thermal profile, engineering characteristics viz. thermal expansion, melting point, smoke point etc. were evaluated. Sensible heat energy storage of thermal fluids namely; paraffin oil (light), silicon oil and phase changing salts namely; acetamide, magnesium chloride hexahydrate were analyzed for their heat absorption and thermo-physical properties. Among these four materials, paraffin oil was found as highest thermal energy absorbing material. The phase changing salts has more heat storage density as they absorb the heat in the form of latent heat. This leads to the storage of thermal energy for a longer period, once the salts are charged by heating but maximum heat energy was absorbed by paraffin oil (276˚C276˚276˚C) surging ahead of silicon oil (260˚C260˚260˚C). Peak temperature achieved by these oils is more than sufficient to cover the entire range of heating operations required in dairy process industries. Introduction With increasing population, there is a huge increase in energy demand which is fulfilled with both renewable and non-renewable energy sources. In India, only 28% of energy demand is met with renewable energy resources and rest is met from non-renewable sector which automatically results in huge emission of carbondioxide. Shortage of fossil fuels, associated ill effects of use of fossil fuels on environment and ever increasing demand for energy compels us to shift towards renewable energy resources like solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy, biomass etc. as these energy resources are free, anti-polluting and anti-toxic to the environment. Among these energy resources, solar energy has a great scope in a country like India where sun shines in abundance. India gets around 5-7 KW/m 2 of sunshine for about 300-320 days per year (Desai et al. 2013, Sharma et al. 2012) [5, 12]. In addition, energy storage can help to save the premium fuels and also reduces the wastage of conventional energy.

Journal of Food Processing and Preservation

The study evaluated the use of corn, quinoa, and tapioca starches with glycerol to develop biopol... more The study evaluated the use of corn, quinoa, and tapioca starches with glycerol to develop biopolymer films. The water binding and oil binding capacities of the starches were determined, and tapioca starch was found to have good film-forming properties and produce transparent films. During the study, starches and glycerol with concentrations of 6% w / v and 3% w / v respectively, were used to develop the biopolymer films. These starches were evaluated for water binding and oil binding, with capacities that ranged from 182.62 to 199.60% and 159.02 to 193.33%, respectively. Quinoa starch presented the highest final viscosity (3584.00 cP), followed by corn starch (3058.00 cP) and tapioca starch (2547.00 cP), which indicate that these starches possess an intermediate range of viscosities required for the development of biopolymeric films. Comparative studies of the properties of starches were done with the intention of developing better quality films among corn, quinoa, and tapioca star...

Non-conventional cooling systems have found wide range of applications to meet the energy require... more Non-conventional cooling systems have found wide range of applications to meet the energy requirements of the present and future. This paper presents a review of thermoelectric cooling/ heating systems and their applicability in various sectors. It explores the fundamentals of thermoelectric cooling/ heating and its applications. The efficiency of thermoelectric materials and its scope for improvement is also discussed.

India is the largest milk producer as well as consumer of milk and milk products play significant... more India is the largest milk producer as well as consumer of milk and milk products play significant role in Indian diet and are the most acceptable source of animal protein for large vegetarian segment of Indian population. Effective on-farm cooling of milk and maintenance of low temperature while transporting it from milking centre to collection centre is very important to ensure the quality of milk. To design an effective cooling system for on farm cooling of milk, there is a need to focus on some parameters like cooling rate, hygiene conditions, ergonomic features, etc. The present paper is an attempt to discuss the approach for designing a workable, easy to handle, low cost and sturdy farm milk chiller for maintaining the milk quality and cool chain during the initial stage of milk handling.

Agricultural Engineering International Cigr Journal, Sep 30, 2014

In developed countries the milking collection is done to process in various diary plants situated... more In developed countries the milking collection is done to process in various diary plants situated far away from production areas. There is a problem of cool chain management, which, generally is absent at farm levels. To manage the cool chain in milk transportation system right from farm level it is required that some locally available techniques/materials should be selected and used for milk chilling. The objective of current study is to ascertain mechanism for chilling of milk at farm immediately after milking. The experiments were conducted and the cooling performance was evaluated by noting down the drop in temperature with respect to time using mercury thermometer. The respective regression equation and R 2 value were obtained for every run of the experiment. It was observed that the relation between temperature drop and time was significant for coolant to product ratio of 1:3 & 1:2 under insulated condition (p<0.05). The study showed that the cooling of milk can effectively be done by immersing the ice packs in milk by using ice to product ratio in range from 1:3 to 1:2 under insulated condition within the recommended time as per standards.

International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2019

Milk is a highly perishable commodity and needs quick processing to prevent growth of microorgani... more Milk is a highly perishable commodity and needs quick processing to prevent growth of microorganisms. Milk processing mainly contains heating and cooling operations and for most of the heating operations, steam is used as a heat transfer fluid. But the increasing energy demand leads to search for alternative renewable energy resources. Sun energy is highly efficient, free to use and does not harm the environment. A comparative study was done to select best heat transfer material for heating operations in milk processing. During the study, different energy storage materials viz. thermal fluids and phase changing material (PCM) in the form of salts were investigated to check their thermal profile, engineering characteristics viz. thermal expansion, melting point, smoke point etc. were evaluated. Sensible heat energy storage of thermal fluids namely; paraffin oil (light), silicon oil and phase changing salts namely; acetamide, magnesium chloride hexahydrate were analyzed for their heat absorption and thermo-physical properties. Among these four materials, paraffin oil was found as highest thermal energy absorbing material. The phase changing salts has more heat storage density as they absorb the heat in the form of latent heat. This leads to the storage of thermal energy for a longer period, once the salts are charged by heating but maximum heat energy was absorbed by paraffin oil (276 ˚C) surging ahead of silicon oil (260 ˚C). Peak temperature achieved by these oils is more than sufficient to cover the entire range of heating operations required in dairy process industries.

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2019

Milk is a highly perishable commodity and needs quick processing to prevent growth of microorgani... more Milk is a highly perishable commodity and needs quick processing to prevent growth of microorganisms. Milk processing mainly contains heating and cooling operations and for most of the heating operations, steam is used as a heat transfer fluid. But the increasing energy demand leads to search for alternative renewable energy resources. Sun energy is highly efficient, free to use and does not harm the environment. A comparative study was done to select best heat transfer material for heating operations in milk processing. During the study, different energy storage materials viz. thermal fluids and phase changing material (PCM) in the form of salts were investigated to check their thermal profile, engineering characteristics viz. thermal expansion, melting point, smoke point etc. were evaluated. Sensible heat energy storage of thermal fluids namely; paraffin oil (light), silicon oil and phase changing salts namely; acetamide, magnesium chloride hexahydrate were analyzed for their heat absorption and thermo-physical properties. Among these four materials, paraffin oil was found as highest thermal energy absorbing material. The phase changing salts has more heat storage density as they absorb the heat in the form of latent heat. This leads to the storage of thermal energy for a longer period, once the salts are charged by heating but maximum heat energy was absorbed by paraffin oil (276˚C276˚276˚C) surging ahead of silicon oil (260˚C260˚260˚C). Peak temperature achieved by these oils is more than sufficient to cover the entire range of heating operations required in dairy process industries. Introduction With increasing population, there is a huge increase in energy demand which is fulfilled with both renewable and non-renewable energy sources. In India, only 28% of energy demand is met with renewable energy resources and rest is met from non-renewable sector which automatically results in huge emission of carbondioxide. Shortage of fossil fuels, associated ill effects of use of fossil fuels on environment and ever increasing demand for energy compels us to shift towards renewable energy resources like solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy, biomass etc. as these energy resources are free, anti-polluting and anti-toxic to the environment. Among these energy resources, solar energy has a great scope in a country like India where sun shines in abundance. India gets around 5-7 KW/m 2 of sunshine for about 300-320 days per year (Desai et al. 2013, Sharma et al. 2012) [5, 12]. In addition, energy storage can help to save the premium fuels and also reduces the wastage of conventional energy.