Amela Fayed - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Amela Fayed
Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2014
Background: In Saudi Arabia, most antenatal units offer routine Ultrasound Scan (USS) in early an... more Background: In Saudi Arabia, most antenatal units offer routine Ultrasound Scan (USS) in early and mid-trimester of pregnancy. USS examination is essential source of information for the obstetrical management of the pregnancy as well as a source of joy and reassurance for the mother about the wellbeing of her baby. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the obstetrics ultrasound department at King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was designed to investigate the knowledge of the mothers about the purpose of the USS, their expectations and the source of the information provided to them about the mid-trimester USS examination in addition to the respondents demographic characteristics. Descriptive statistics were used for demographic variables. Association between women's source of information and educational level was analyzed with chi-square test. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: 600 women consented and completed the questionnaire. Most of the participants were 21-30 years of age and (51.4%) had university education or higher while only 1.8% of the respondents were illiterate. 28-30% of the respondents thought the purpose of the scan is to know the gender of the baby or to confirm that the baby is alive. Only 20% of the respondents reported purposes of the USS examination was to screen for congenital malformations. The obstetrician was the main source of information and the nurse was the least. The utilization of any source of information about USS examination increased with the increase of the level of maternal education. Conclusion: Saudi mothers' knowledge about the purpose of mid-trimester USS is modest. Utilization of healthcare providers other than the obstetrician and contemporary technology for information provision will improve mothers' knowledge and choices and put them at the center of health care.
Saudi Medical Journal, Mar 1, 2020
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of waist to height ratio (WHtR) to screen for cardiovascul... more To evaluate the diagnostic performance of waist to height ratio (WHtR) to screen for cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Saudis.
International journal of new technology and research, 2016
Background: Saudi Arabia has recently become more devoted to clinical research, which remains a r... more Background: Saudi Arabia has recently become more devoted to clinical research, which remains a relatively new and challenging area for researchers. Recruiting individual subjects in clinical research is believed to be an essential element in clinical trial success and is intensely dependent on the potential willingness of subjects to participate in clinical trials. Methods: A cross sectional study of a purposive sample of 323 health professionals was conducted. The study participants included students of Nursing and Medical College, physicians, nurses and paramedical personnel. A validated questionnaire assessing the willingness to participate, motives, obstacles was used. Results: In general, about 80% of the participants were willing to participate in clinical research. The highest percentage of willingness to participate was reported when participants were asked about their willingness to answer questions in surveys (90.7%). Nearly 80% of participants considered getting a free medical tests and appointments as important intensives whereas 69.8% supported financial incentives to be efficient in encouraging people to participate in clinical research. Weak positive though significant correlation was detected between level of trust in the research institute and willingness to participate in clinical research. Conclusion: Overall, this study confirmed that the decision for participation in research is closely related to the nature of the clinical trials, people usually welcome participation in questionnaires and noninvasive studies but their concerns are major when deciding for their children. Saudi community favors the free medical services to financial aids as incentives to participate in research trials.
European Psychiatry, Apr 1, 2017
Introduction Five to 8% of women of reproductive age suffer from moderate to severe symptoms of p... more Introduction Five to 8% of women of reproductive age suffer from moderate to severe symptoms of premenstrual syndrome associated with substantial distress or functional impairment. Objective To determine the efficacy, tolerability and acceptability of Vitex agnus castus (VAC, chaste-berry) preparations for treatment of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Methods After an extensive literature search all randomized controlled trials of VAC in women with PMS and/or premenstrual dysphoric disorder were included. Results We found 17 randomized controlled trials of VAC in the treatment of PMS of which 14 studies could be included in the quantitative analysis. All trials, except one, found the Vitex agnus castus preparation to be more efficacious than placebo, pyridoxine and magnesium for either total symptom score or individual symptoms or symptom clusters. Unfortunately, the majority of trials is hampered by a high risk of bias. The pooled effect of VAC in placebo-controlled trials was large (Hedge's g: −1.21; 95% CI: −1.53 to −0.88), but heterogeneity extremely high (I 2 = 91%). We could not single out distinct factors that could explain this heterogeneity. The funnel plot and Egger's tests suggest the presence of bias over the full set of studies and effect sizes. Conclusion Although meta-analysis shows a large pooled effect of VAC in placebo-controlled trials the high risk of bias, high heterogeneity and risk of publication bias of the included studies preclude a definitive conclusion. The pooled treatment effects should be viewed as merely explorative and, at best, overestimating the real treatment effect of VAC for PMS symptomatology.
Clinical & Experimental Hepatology, 2022
Aim of the study: To assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 level and insulin resistance (IR) in hepa... more Aim of the study: To assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 level and insulin resistance (IR) in hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients compared with controls and to evaluate the correlation with HBV viral load, severity of liver disease and degree of liver fibrosis. Material and methods: A case-control study. Sixty HBV patients and 60 controls were enrolled. Chemiluminescence was used to determine 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 levels. Insulin resistance was evaluated using the homeostasis model assessment method. Polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify HBV viral loads. Severity of liver disease was assessed by Child-Pugh scores. Transient elastography was used to evaluate the degree of liver fibrosis. Results: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 deficiency is more prevalent among HBV patients compared to controls. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 levels declined considerably as viral load rose (p < 0.001). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 level declined as liver fibrosis progressed (34.0 ±0.0 ng/ml in F1 vs. 12.67 ±8.0 ng/ml in F4) and the severity of the disease increased (22.75 ±6.36 ng/ml in Child A vs. 5.50 ±0.58 ng/ml in Child C). Insulin resistance is more prevalent among HBV patients compared to controls and it appeared to deteriorate progressively with boosting of the viral load, degree of fibrosis and severity of liver disease (p < 0.001). Conclusions: HBV patients had significantly lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 levels compared to healthy individuals and HBV infection is associated with IR. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 deficiency and IR were associated with HBV viral loads, severity of liver disease, and degree of liver fibrosis.
Frontiers in Pediatrics, Dec 19, 2022
This study aimed to assess the variables contributing to the length of stay in the pediatric inte... more This study aimed to assess the variables contributing to the length of stay in the pediatric intensive care unit. This study utilized a retrospective design by analyzing data from the Virtual Pediatric Systems web-based database. The study was conducted in a tertiary hospital-King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia-from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2019. The patients were admitted to intensive care with complex medical and surgical diseases. The variables were divided into quantitative and qualitative parameters, including patient data, Pediatric Risk of Mortality III score, and complications. Data from 3,396 admissions were analyzed. In this cohort, the median and mean length of stay were 2.8 (interquartile range, 1.08-7.04) and 7.43 (standard deviation, 14.34) days, respectively. The majority of long-stay patients-defined as those staying longer than 30 days-were less than 12 months of age (44.79%), had lower growth parameters (p < 0.001), and had a history of admission to pediatric intensive care units. Moreover, the majority of long-stay patients primarily suffered from respiratory diseases (51.53%) and had comorbidities and complications during their stay (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis of all variables revealed that central line-associated bloodstream infections (p < 0.001), external ventricular drain insertion (p < 0.005), tracheostomy (p < 0.001), and use of mechanical ventilation (p < 0.001) had the most significant associations with a longer stay in the pediatric intensive care unit. The factors associated with longer stays included the admission source, central nervous system disease comorbidity, and procedures performed during the stay. Factors such as respiratory support were also associated with prolonged intensive care unit stays.
Research Square (Research Square), May 27, 2020
Background: In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the nursing profession faces signi cant challenges in... more Background: In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the nursing profession faces signi cant challenges including failure to recruit high school students into nursing education; poor nursing identity, and lack of awareness about the nursing profession. The level of community awareness and public image of the nursing profession are critical to recruit and retain students into nursing education, and to improve nurses' sense of identity. Aim: to explore the level of community awareness and public image of the nursing profession in Saudi Arabia Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a convenient sample of 502 adults including 106 males and 396 females, their mean age was 22.93 ± 6.76 years. Data collected included; socio-cultural data, gender preference in getting nursing care, awareness, and perceived socio-cultural barriers to pursue a nursing career. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Results: Only 32.5 % preferred to get nursing care by Saudis. The nursing profession was not viewed as a respected job as 71.5% of participants would be ashamed of having a nurse in their families. The study revealed a low median knowledge score (50.0, IQR: 50.0-66.7)). The study highlighted a number of sociocultural barriers to pursue a nursing career including; the gender-mixed working environment (35.9%), delayed marriage of female nurses (20.3%), and the negative effect of nursing profession on social life (64.5%). Conclusions : Half of the sample had a knowledge score below 50.0 out of 100.
European Psychiatry, Apr 1, 2017
Introduction Burn out mainly occurs among healthcare employees. This professional category is exp... more Introduction Burn out mainly occurs among healthcare employees. This professional category is exposed to a large load of emotional disturbance. Objectives The aim of this work was to study the levels of burnout syndrome in caregivers who were victims to occupational accident. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted during 2014-2015 in the occupational medicine department. The target population consisted of the healthcare employees who reported their exposure to occupational accident. A semi-structured selfreported questionnaire including the Maslach questionnaire was used to collect information. Data were analyzed using SPSS-20. Results One hundred and sixty health professionals returned the questionnaire (58% women, mean age 31.9 years old). Occupational accidents occurred mostly in the morning (62.5%). Among the healthcare providers, 112 health professionals (70%) had had sharp injuries. Burn out was found among 23.1% of the studied population. It was defined by its three domains: a high emotional exhaustion (46.9%), high depersonalization with low personal accomplishment (36.3%) and high depersonalization without low personal accomplishment (34.4%). Professionals with less years in the function (P = 0.031) and technicians (P = 0.028) were more affected by Burnout. A significant relationship was found between traumatic accidents (P = 0.012), needle stick injuries (P = 0.009) and burnout. Conclusion The prevalence of burnout is high among health professionals which can increase the risk of occupational accidents and its subsequent risks. It seems that holding workshops and increasing healthcare givers' awareness and skills to face these risks can be effective in mitigating them. Disclosure of interest The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, May 31, 2011
Rationale, aims and objectives To explore the opinion and practice of the health care providers i... more Rationale, aims and objectives To explore the opinion and practice of the health care providers in King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH) towards clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Methods A cross-sectional self-reported anonymous survey was distributed to 2225 health care professionals working in KKUH clinical departments. Results The response rate was 56.5%. The respondents had a positive attitude towards CPGs; 90% thought that CPG unify patients' care and 96% agreed that CPGs improve the quality of services provided. The respondents' practice in using CPGs concurred with their attitude and opinion. A total of 86.3% agreed that CPGs changed the way they manage their patients and 71.8% agreed with the statement that they have already used CPGs in the management of the patients. Compared to nurses, physicians were significantly less likely to use CPGs in practice (P < 0.05); moreover, the practice of using guidelines differs significantly according to the years of experience, with 71% of respondents with experience of 15 years or more using CPGs in the management of their patients, compared to 60% among respondents with less years of experience (P < 0.05). Conclusion The health care providers at KKUH have positive practice and attitude towards CPGs in general, which could positively influence the future introduction and implementation of evidence-based CPGs.
The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, Aug 1, 2013
ABSTRACT
International Journal of Women's Health
Background: The worldwide rate of cesarean section (CS) is increasing. Development of prediction ... more Background: The worldwide rate of cesarean section (CS) is increasing. Development of prediction models for a specific population may improve the unmet need for CS as well as reduce the overuse of CS. Objective: To explore risk factors associated with emergency CS, and to determine the accuracy of predicting it. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the medical records of women who delivered between January 1, 2021-December 2022 was conducted, relevant maternal and neonatal data were retrieved. Results: Out of 1793 deliveries, 447 (25.0%) had emergency CS. Compared to control, the risk of emergency CS was higher in primiparous women (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.48 to 3.06), in women with higher Body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.27 to 2.47), in association with history of previous CS (OR 4.81, 95% CI 3.24 to 7.15) and in women with abnormal amniotic fluid (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.55 to 3.41). Additionally, women with hypertensive disorders had a 176% increased risk of emergency CS (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.35-5.63). Of note, the risk of emergency CS was more than three times higher in women who delivered a small for gestational age infant (OR 3.29, 95% CI 1.93-5.59). Based on the number of risk factors, a prediction model was developed, about 80% of pregnant women in the emergency CS group scored higher grades compared to control group. The area under the curve was 0.72, indicating a good discriminant ability of the model. Conclusion: This study identified several risk factors associated with emergency CS in pregnant Saudi women. A prediction model showed 72% accuracy in predicting the likelihood of emergency CS. This information can be useful to individualize the risk of emergency CS, and to implement appropriate measures to prevent unnecessary CS.
Frontiers in Public Health
BackgroundBirth before 37 or beyond 42 gestational weeks is associated with adverse neonatal and ... more BackgroundBirth before 37 or beyond 42 gestational weeks is associated with adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes. Studies investigating determinants and outcomes of these deliveries are scarce. The objective of this study was to determine the neonatal birth profile in relation to the gestational age at delivery and to evaluate its influence on the immediate maternal and neonatal outcomes.MethodsThis is a multicenter cohort study of 13,403 women conducted in three hospitals in Riyadh. Collected data included sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric history, and physical and laboratory measurements. Regression models were developed to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) to determine factors associated with preterm, early term, and post-term births and to evaluate common maternal and neonatal risks imposed by deliveries outside the full term.ResultsThe incidence of preterm, early term, and post-term delivery was 8.4%, 29.8%, and 1.4%, respectively. ...
Frontiers in Pediatrics
BackgroundWith the rapid surge of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, we aimed to assess parents' per... more BackgroundWith the rapid surge of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, we aimed to assess parents' perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccines and the psychological antecedents of vaccinations during the first month of the Omicron spread.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey in Saudi Arabia was conducted (December 20, 2021-January 7, 2022). Convenience sampling was used to invite participants through several social media platforms, including WhatsApp, Twitter, and email lists. We utilized the validated 5C Scale, which evaluates five psychological factors influencing vaccination intention and behavior: confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation, and collective responsibility.ResultsOf the 1,340 respondents, 61.3% received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, while 35% received an additional booster dose. Fify four percentage were unwilling to vaccinate their children aged 5–11, and 57.2% were unwilling to give the additional booster vaccine to children aged 12–18. Respondents had higher sc...
The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology, Jan 8, 2017
Many researches document long-term RNA persistence in a variety of tissues and its applicability ... more Many researches document long-term RNA persistence in a variety of tissues and its applicability in estimating the postmortem interval (PMI). Skin-specific mRNA marker, late cornified envelope 1C (LCE1C), was used to identified skin samples. Before using the LCE1C in criminal casework, its persistence and applicability for estimating PMI in different temperatures were tested. Twelve skin samples were collected from 6 patients, and 6 samples were kept at 24°C and others were kept at 40°C for 5 days. The expression levels of LCE1C mRNA are serially detected and quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of LCE1C were decreased with increasing the time interval in time-dependent manner, whereas changing the surrounding temperatures did not show any statistical significance. These results could suggest using LCE1C in estimation of PMI. Moreover, these encourage investigators and crime laboratories to know environmental conditions before interpreting the ...
Annals of thoracic medicine
The purpose of this study is to present our center's experience in managing patients with pul... more The purpose of this study is to present our center's experience in managing patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The main objective is to describe patients' management profile and treatment outcome. This study presents the results from a single pulmonary hypertension (PH) specialized center in Saudi Arabia. Both incidence and prevalence cases are included. We have previously reported the clinical and physiological characteristics at the time of diagnosis for this cohort of patients. In this study, we describe the clinical management and the outcome of therapy in the same cohort, who were prospectively followed for a mean of 22 months. A total of 107 patients were identified as having PAH. At the time of enrollment, 56.1% of patients were in modified New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA FC) III and 16.8% were in IV. Phosphdiesterase-5 inhibitor was the most commonly used target therapy (82.2%) followed by endothelin receptors antagonist (74.4%). O...
BMJ open, Jan 11, 2017
To investigate the impact of maternal age on pregnancy outcomes with special emphasis on adolesce... more To investigate the impact of maternal age on pregnancy outcomes with special emphasis on adolescents and older mothers and to investigate the differences in demographic profile between adolescents and older mothers. This study is a secondary analysis of pregnancy outcomes of women in Riyadh Mother and Baby cohort study according to maternal age. The study population was grouped according to maternal age into five subgroups; <20, 20-29, 30-34, 35-39 and 40+years. The age group 20-29 years was considered as a reference group. Investigation of maternal age impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes was conducted with adjustment of confounders using regression models. All mothers were married when conceived with the index pregnancy. Young mothers were less likely to be illiterate, more likely to achieve higher education and be employed compared with mothers ≥ 40 years. Compared with the reference group, adolescents were more likely to have vaginal delivery (and least likely to deliver ...
Healthcare
Objective: To investigate gender and age-specific distribution patterns of cardiovascular disease... more Objective: To investigate gender and age-specific distribution patterns of cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Saudi population for tailored health policies. Methods: From the heart health promotion study, 3063 adult Saudis were included in this study. The study cohort was divided into five age groups (less than 40 years, 40–45 years, 46–50 years, 51–55 years and ≥56 years). The prevalence of metabolic, socioeconomic, and cardiac risk was compared between the groups. Anthropometric and biochemical data were gathered using the World Health Organization stepwise approach to chronic disease risk factors. The cardiovascular risk (CVR) was determined using the Framingham Coronary Heart Risk Score. Results: The prevalence of CVR risk increased with age in both genders. Both Saudi men and women exhibit similar propensities for sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy food habits. The prevalence of tobacco smoking was significantly higher and from an early age in males compared to females ...
Healthcare
Objectives: The objectives of this scoping review are to estimate the prevalence of obesity and o... more Objectives: The objectives of this scoping review are to estimate the prevalence of obesity and overweight in the Saudi community and in different age groups, genders, and geographical location, in addition to the change in prevalence over time. Methods: This scoping review of evidence was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The population of this review was categorized into four age groups: young adults (18–25 years), adults (26–45), (mid-life adults) (46–60) and old people (60+). Each group was then categorized by gender into males and females. We included studies of adults aged 18 years and above. The pooled prevalence of obesity and overweight of the population, based on BMI, was estimated after stratification based on the age, gender, and geographical area. In addition, the c...
International Journal of General Medicine
This study aimed to estimate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among patients with and wit... more This study aimed to estimate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM) using the Framingham risk score (FRS) and to investigate the effect of DM control on CVD risk. Methodology: A total of 2432 participants who had their glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measured within the last three months were included in this study. The study cohort was divided into three categories: non-diabetic, participants with controlled DM (HbA1c<7%), and uncontrolled DM (HbA1c≥7%). The World Health Organization's stepwise approach to chronic disease risk factor Surveillance-Instrument v2.1 was used in this study to collect the anthropometric and biochemical measurements. The Framingham Coronary Heart Risk Score (FRS) was used to calculate the 10-year cardiovascular risk (CVR). The groups were compared concerning the prevalence of metabolic, socioeconomic, and cardiac risks. Results: Out of 2432 participants, 149 had controlled DM (6.1%), 286 had uncontrolled DM (11.8%), and 1997 participants were normoglycemic (82.1%). Compared to healthy participants, diabetic participants showed more high-risk characteristics across all CVR parameters. Uncontrolled diabetic patients had a graver laboratory and clinical profiles compared to the controlled DM group. As measured by FRS, nearly half of patients with controlled DM (49.9%) and two-thirds of patients with uncontrolled DM (63.3%) were classified as intermediate and high-risk compared to 4.6% of the healthy participants. Compared to healthy participants, patients with controlled DM showed a threefold increased CVR (OR = 3.02, 95% C.I. = 1.41-7.24) while this risk catapulted to 13 times among those with uncontrolled DM (OR = 13.57, 95% C.I. = 6.99-26.36). Conclusion: Participants with DM are at moderate to high CVR. Individuals with uncontrolled DM showed higher CVR profiles as measured by FRS and have a higher prevalence of obesity, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity.
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal, 2009
Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2014
Background: In Saudi Arabia, most antenatal units offer routine Ultrasound Scan (USS) in early an... more Background: In Saudi Arabia, most antenatal units offer routine Ultrasound Scan (USS) in early and mid-trimester of pregnancy. USS examination is essential source of information for the obstetrical management of the pregnancy as well as a source of joy and reassurance for the mother about the wellbeing of her baby. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the obstetrics ultrasound department at King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was designed to investigate the knowledge of the mothers about the purpose of the USS, their expectations and the source of the information provided to them about the mid-trimester USS examination in addition to the respondents demographic characteristics. Descriptive statistics were used for demographic variables. Association between women's source of information and educational level was analyzed with chi-square test. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: 600 women consented and completed the questionnaire. Most of the participants were 21-30 years of age and (51.4%) had university education or higher while only 1.8% of the respondents were illiterate. 28-30% of the respondents thought the purpose of the scan is to know the gender of the baby or to confirm that the baby is alive. Only 20% of the respondents reported purposes of the USS examination was to screen for congenital malformations. The obstetrician was the main source of information and the nurse was the least. The utilization of any source of information about USS examination increased with the increase of the level of maternal education. Conclusion: Saudi mothers' knowledge about the purpose of mid-trimester USS is modest. Utilization of healthcare providers other than the obstetrician and contemporary technology for information provision will improve mothers' knowledge and choices and put them at the center of health care.
Saudi Medical Journal, Mar 1, 2020
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of waist to height ratio (WHtR) to screen for cardiovascul... more To evaluate the diagnostic performance of waist to height ratio (WHtR) to screen for cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Saudis.
International journal of new technology and research, 2016
Background: Saudi Arabia has recently become more devoted to clinical research, which remains a r... more Background: Saudi Arabia has recently become more devoted to clinical research, which remains a relatively new and challenging area for researchers. Recruiting individual subjects in clinical research is believed to be an essential element in clinical trial success and is intensely dependent on the potential willingness of subjects to participate in clinical trials. Methods: A cross sectional study of a purposive sample of 323 health professionals was conducted. The study participants included students of Nursing and Medical College, physicians, nurses and paramedical personnel. A validated questionnaire assessing the willingness to participate, motives, obstacles was used. Results: In general, about 80% of the participants were willing to participate in clinical research. The highest percentage of willingness to participate was reported when participants were asked about their willingness to answer questions in surveys (90.7%). Nearly 80% of participants considered getting a free medical tests and appointments as important intensives whereas 69.8% supported financial incentives to be efficient in encouraging people to participate in clinical research. Weak positive though significant correlation was detected between level of trust in the research institute and willingness to participate in clinical research. Conclusion: Overall, this study confirmed that the decision for participation in research is closely related to the nature of the clinical trials, people usually welcome participation in questionnaires and noninvasive studies but their concerns are major when deciding for their children. Saudi community favors the free medical services to financial aids as incentives to participate in research trials.
European Psychiatry, Apr 1, 2017
Introduction Five to 8% of women of reproductive age suffer from moderate to severe symptoms of p... more Introduction Five to 8% of women of reproductive age suffer from moderate to severe symptoms of premenstrual syndrome associated with substantial distress or functional impairment. Objective To determine the efficacy, tolerability and acceptability of Vitex agnus castus (VAC, chaste-berry) preparations for treatment of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Methods After an extensive literature search all randomized controlled trials of VAC in women with PMS and/or premenstrual dysphoric disorder were included. Results We found 17 randomized controlled trials of VAC in the treatment of PMS of which 14 studies could be included in the quantitative analysis. All trials, except one, found the Vitex agnus castus preparation to be more efficacious than placebo, pyridoxine and magnesium for either total symptom score or individual symptoms or symptom clusters. Unfortunately, the majority of trials is hampered by a high risk of bias. The pooled effect of VAC in placebo-controlled trials was large (Hedge's g: −1.21; 95% CI: −1.53 to −0.88), but heterogeneity extremely high (I 2 = 91%). We could not single out distinct factors that could explain this heterogeneity. The funnel plot and Egger's tests suggest the presence of bias over the full set of studies and effect sizes. Conclusion Although meta-analysis shows a large pooled effect of VAC in placebo-controlled trials the high risk of bias, high heterogeneity and risk of publication bias of the included studies preclude a definitive conclusion. The pooled treatment effects should be viewed as merely explorative and, at best, overestimating the real treatment effect of VAC for PMS symptomatology.
Clinical & Experimental Hepatology, 2022
Aim of the study: To assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 level and insulin resistance (IR) in hepa... more Aim of the study: To assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 level and insulin resistance (IR) in hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients compared with controls and to evaluate the correlation with HBV viral load, severity of liver disease and degree of liver fibrosis. Material and methods: A case-control study. Sixty HBV patients and 60 controls were enrolled. Chemiluminescence was used to determine 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 levels. Insulin resistance was evaluated using the homeostasis model assessment method. Polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify HBV viral loads. Severity of liver disease was assessed by Child-Pugh scores. Transient elastography was used to evaluate the degree of liver fibrosis. Results: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 deficiency is more prevalent among HBV patients compared to controls. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 levels declined considerably as viral load rose (p < 0.001). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 level declined as liver fibrosis progressed (34.0 ±0.0 ng/ml in F1 vs. 12.67 ±8.0 ng/ml in F4) and the severity of the disease increased (22.75 ±6.36 ng/ml in Child A vs. 5.50 ±0.58 ng/ml in Child C). Insulin resistance is more prevalent among HBV patients compared to controls and it appeared to deteriorate progressively with boosting of the viral load, degree of fibrosis and severity of liver disease (p < 0.001). Conclusions: HBV patients had significantly lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 levels compared to healthy individuals and HBV infection is associated with IR. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 deficiency and IR were associated with HBV viral loads, severity of liver disease, and degree of liver fibrosis.
Frontiers in Pediatrics, Dec 19, 2022
This study aimed to assess the variables contributing to the length of stay in the pediatric inte... more This study aimed to assess the variables contributing to the length of stay in the pediatric intensive care unit. This study utilized a retrospective design by analyzing data from the Virtual Pediatric Systems web-based database. The study was conducted in a tertiary hospital-King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia-from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2019. The patients were admitted to intensive care with complex medical and surgical diseases. The variables were divided into quantitative and qualitative parameters, including patient data, Pediatric Risk of Mortality III score, and complications. Data from 3,396 admissions were analyzed. In this cohort, the median and mean length of stay were 2.8 (interquartile range, 1.08-7.04) and 7.43 (standard deviation, 14.34) days, respectively. The majority of long-stay patients-defined as those staying longer than 30 days-were less than 12 months of age (44.79%), had lower growth parameters (p < 0.001), and had a history of admission to pediatric intensive care units. Moreover, the majority of long-stay patients primarily suffered from respiratory diseases (51.53%) and had comorbidities and complications during their stay (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis of all variables revealed that central line-associated bloodstream infections (p < 0.001), external ventricular drain insertion (p < 0.005), tracheostomy (p < 0.001), and use of mechanical ventilation (p < 0.001) had the most significant associations with a longer stay in the pediatric intensive care unit. The factors associated with longer stays included the admission source, central nervous system disease comorbidity, and procedures performed during the stay. Factors such as respiratory support were also associated with prolonged intensive care unit stays.
Research Square (Research Square), May 27, 2020
Background: In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the nursing profession faces signi cant challenges in... more Background: In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the nursing profession faces signi cant challenges including failure to recruit high school students into nursing education; poor nursing identity, and lack of awareness about the nursing profession. The level of community awareness and public image of the nursing profession are critical to recruit and retain students into nursing education, and to improve nurses' sense of identity. Aim: to explore the level of community awareness and public image of the nursing profession in Saudi Arabia Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a convenient sample of 502 adults including 106 males and 396 females, their mean age was 22.93 ± 6.76 years. Data collected included; socio-cultural data, gender preference in getting nursing care, awareness, and perceived socio-cultural barriers to pursue a nursing career. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Results: Only 32.5 % preferred to get nursing care by Saudis. The nursing profession was not viewed as a respected job as 71.5% of participants would be ashamed of having a nurse in their families. The study revealed a low median knowledge score (50.0, IQR: 50.0-66.7)). The study highlighted a number of sociocultural barriers to pursue a nursing career including; the gender-mixed working environment (35.9%), delayed marriage of female nurses (20.3%), and the negative effect of nursing profession on social life (64.5%). Conclusions : Half of the sample had a knowledge score below 50.0 out of 100.
European Psychiatry, Apr 1, 2017
Introduction Burn out mainly occurs among healthcare employees. This professional category is exp... more Introduction Burn out mainly occurs among healthcare employees. This professional category is exposed to a large load of emotional disturbance. Objectives The aim of this work was to study the levels of burnout syndrome in caregivers who were victims to occupational accident. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted during 2014-2015 in the occupational medicine department. The target population consisted of the healthcare employees who reported their exposure to occupational accident. A semi-structured selfreported questionnaire including the Maslach questionnaire was used to collect information. Data were analyzed using SPSS-20. Results One hundred and sixty health professionals returned the questionnaire (58% women, mean age 31.9 years old). Occupational accidents occurred mostly in the morning (62.5%). Among the healthcare providers, 112 health professionals (70%) had had sharp injuries. Burn out was found among 23.1% of the studied population. It was defined by its three domains: a high emotional exhaustion (46.9%), high depersonalization with low personal accomplishment (36.3%) and high depersonalization without low personal accomplishment (34.4%). Professionals with less years in the function (P = 0.031) and technicians (P = 0.028) were more affected by Burnout. A significant relationship was found between traumatic accidents (P = 0.012), needle stick injuries (P = 0.009) and burnout. Conclusion The prevalence of burnout is high among health professionals which can increase the risk of occupational accidents and its subsequent risks. It seems that holding workshops and increasing healthcare givers' awareness and skills to face these risks can be effective in mitigating them. Disclosure of interest The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, May 31, 2011
Rationale, aims and objectives To explore the opinion and practice of the health care providers i... more Rationale, aims and objectives To explore the opinion and practice of the health care providers in King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH) towards clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Methods A cross-sectional self-reported anonymous survey was distributed to 2225 health care professionals working in KKUH clinical departments. Results The response rate was 56.5%. The respondents had a positive attitude towards CPGs; 90% thought that CPG unify patients' care and 96% agreed that CPGs improve the quality of services provided. The respondents' practice in using CPGs concurred with their attitude and opinion. A total of 86.3% agreed that CPGs changed the way they manage their patients and 71.8% agreed with the statement that they have already used CPGs in the management of the patients. Compared to nurses, physicians were significantly less likely to use CPGs in practice (P < 0.05); moreover, the practice of using guidelines differs significantly according to the years of experience, with 71% of respondents with experience of 15 years or more using CPGs in the management of their patients, compared to 60% among respondents with less years of experience (P < 0.05). Conclusion The health care providers at KKUH have positive practice and attitude towards CPGs in general, which could positively influence the future introduction and implementation of evidence-based CPGs.
The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, Aug 1, 2013
ABSTRACT
International Journal of Women's Health
Background: The worldwide rate of cesarean section (CS) is increasing. Development of prediction ... more Background: The worldwide rate of cesarean section (CS) is increasing. Development of prediction models for a specific population may improve the unmet need for CS as well as reduce the overuse of CS. Objective: To explore risk factors associated with emergency CS, and to determine the accuracy of predicting it. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the medical records of women who delivered between January 1, 2021-December 2022 was conducted, relevant maternal and neonatal data were retrieved. Results: Out of 1793 deliveries, 447 (25.0%) had emergency CS. Compared to control, the risk of emergency CS was higher in primiparous women (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.48 to 3.06), in women with higher Body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.27 to 2.47), in association with history of previous CS (OR 4.81, 95% CI 3.24 to 7.15) and in women with abnormal amniotic fluid (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.55 to 3.41). Additionally, women with hypertensive disorders had a 176% increased risk of emergency CS (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.35-5.63). Of note, the risk of emergency CS was more than three times higher in women who delivered a small for gestational age infant (OR 3.29, 95% CI 1.93-5.59). Based on the number of risk factors, a prediction model was developed, about 80% of pregnant women in the emergency CS group scored higher grades compared to control group. The area under the curve was 0.72, indicating a good discriminant ability of the model. Conclusion: This study identified several risk factors associated with emergency CS in pregnant Saudi women. A prediction model showed 72% accuracy in predicting the likelihood of emergency CS. This information can be useful to individualize the risk of emergency CS, and to implement appropriate measures to prevent unnecessary CS.
Frontiers in Public Health
BackgroundBirth before 37 or beyond 42 gestational weeks is associated with adverse neonatal and ... more BackgroundBirth before 37 or beyond 42 gestational weeks is associated with adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes. Studies investigating determinants and outcomes of these deliveries are scarce. The objective of this study was to determine the neonatal birth profile in relation to the gestational age at delivery and to evaluate its influence on the immediate maternal and neonatal outcomes.MethodsThis is a multicenter cohort study of 13,403 women conducted in three hospitals in Riyadh. Collected data included sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric history, and physical and laboratory measurements. Regression models were developed to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) to determine factors associated with preterm, early term, and post-term births and to evaluate common maternal and neonatal risks imposed by deliveries outside the full term.ResultsThe incidence of preterm, early term, and post-term delivery was 8.4%, 29.8%, and 1.4%, respectively. ...
Frontiers in Pediatrics
BackgroundWith the rapid surge of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, we aimed to assess parents' per... more BackgroundWith the rapid surge of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, we aimed to assess parents' perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccines and the psychological antecedents of vaccinations during the first month of the Omicron spread.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey in Saudi Arabia was conducted (December 20, 2021-January 7, 2022). Convenience sampling was used to invite participants through several social media platforms, including WhatsApp, Twitter, and email lists. We utilized the validated 5C Scale, which evaluates five psychological factors influencing vaccination intention and behavior: confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation, and collective responsibility.ResultsOf the 1,340 respondents, 61.3% received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, while 35% received an additional booster dose. Fify four percentage were unwilling to vaccinate their children aged 5–11, and 57.2% were unwilling to give the additional booster vaccine to children aged 12–18. Respondents had higher sc...
The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology, Jan 8, 2017
Many researches document long-term RNA persistence in a variety of tissues and its applicability ... more Many researches document long-term RNA persistence in a variety of tissues and its applicability in estimating the postmortem interval (PMI). Skin-specific mRNA marker, late cornified envelope 1C (LCE1C), was used to identified skin samples. Before using the LCE1C in criminal casework, its persistence and applicability for estimating PMI in different temperatures were tested. Twelve skin samples were collected from 6 patients, and 6 samples were kept at 24°C and others were kept at 40°C for 5 days. The expression levels of LCE1C mRNA are serially detected and quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of LCE1C were decreased with increasing the time interval in time-dependent manner, whereas changing the surrounding temperatures did not show any statistical significance. These results could suggest using LCE1C in estimation of PMI. Moreover, these encourage investigators and crime laboratories to know environmental conditions before interpreting the ...
Annals of thoracic medicine
The purpose of this study is to present our center's experience in managing patients with pul... more The purpose of this study is to present our center's experience in managing patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The main objective is to describe patients' management profile and treatment outcome. This study presents the results from a single pulmonary hypertension (PH) specialized center in Saudi Arabia. Both incidence and prevalence cases are included. We have previously reported the clinical and physiological characteristics at the time of diagnosis for this cohort of patients. In this study, we describe the clinical management and the outcome of therapy in the same cohort, who were prospectively followed for a mean of 22 months. A total of 107 patients were identified as having PAH. At the time of enrollment, 56.1% of patients were in modified New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA FC) III and 16.8% were in IV. Phosphdiesterase-5 inhibitor was the most commonly used target therapy (82.2%) followed by endothelin receptors antagonist (74.4%). O...
BMJ open, Jan 11, 2017
To investigate the impact of maternal age on pregnancy outcomes with special emphasis on adolesce... more To investigate the impact of maternal age on pregnancy outcomes with special emphasis on adolescents and older mothers and to investigate the differences in demographic profile between adolescents and older mothers. This study is a secondary analysis of pregnancy outcomes of women in Riyadh Mother and Baby cohort study according to maternal age. The study population was grouped according to maternal age into five subgroups; <20, 20-29, 30-34, 35-39 and 40+years. The age group 20-29 years was considered as a reference group. Investigation of maternal age impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes was conducted with adjustment of confounders using regression models. All mothers were married when conceived with the index pregnancy. Young mothers were less likely to be illiterate, more likely to achieve higher education and be employed compared with mothers ≥ 40 years. Compared with the reference group, adolescents were more likely to have vaginal delivery (and least likely to deliver ...
Healthcare
Objective: To investigate gender and age-specific distribution patterns of cardiovascular disease... more Objective: To investigate gender and age-specific distribution patterns of cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Saudi population for tailored health policies. Methods: From the heart health promotion study, 3063 adult Saudis were included in this study. The study cohort was divided into five age groups (less than 40 years, 40–45 years, 46–50 years, 51–55 years and ≥56 years). The prevalence of metabolic, socioeconomic, and cardiac risk was compared between the groups. Anthropometric and biochemical data were gathered using the World Health Organization stepwise approach to chronic disease risk factors. The cardiovascular risk (CVR) was determined using the Framingham Coronary Heart Risk Score. Results: The prevalence of CVR risk increased with age in both genders. Both Saudi men and women exhibit similar propensities for sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy food habits. The prevalence of tobacco smoking was significantly higher and from an early age in males compared to females ...
Healthcare
Objectives: The objectives of this scoping review are to estimate the prevalence of obesity and o... more Objectives: The objectives of this scoping review are to estimate the prevalence of obesity and overweight in the Saudi community and in different age groups, genders, and geographical location, in addition to the change in prevalence over time. Methods: This scoping review of evidence was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The population of this review was categorized into four age groups: young adults (18–25 years), adults (26–45), (mid-life adults) (46–60) and old people (60+). Each group was then categorized by gender into males and females. We included studies of adults aged 18 years and above. The pooled prevalence of obesity and overweight of the population, based on BMI, was estimated after stratification based on the age, gender, and geographical area. In addition, the c...
International Journal of General Medicine
This study aimed to estimate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among patients with and wit... more This study aimed to estimate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM) using the Framingham risk score (FRS) and to investigate the effect of DM control on CVD risk. Methodology: A total of 2432 participants who had their glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measured within the last three months were included in this study. The study cohort was divided into three categories: non-diabetic, participants with controlled DM (HbA1c<7%), and uncontrolled DM (HbA1c≥7%). The World Health Organization's stepwise approach to chronic disease risk factor Surveillance-Instrument v2.1 was used in this study to collect the anthropometric and biochemical measurements. The Framingham Coronary Heart Risk Score (FRS) was used to calculate the 10-year cardiovascular risk (CVR). The groups were compared concerning the prevalence of metabolic, socioeconomic, and cardiac risks. Results: Out of 2432 participants, 149 had controlled DM (6.1%), 286 had uncontrolled DM (11.8%), and 1997 participants were normoglycemic (82.1%). Compared to healthy participants, diabetic participants showed more high-risk characteristics across all CVR parameters. Uncontrolled diabetic patients had a graver laboratory and clinical profiles compared to the controlled DM group. As measured by FRS, nearly half of patients with controlled DM (49.9%) and two-thirds of patients with uncontrolled DM (63.3%) were classified as intermediate and high-risk compared to 4.6% of the healthy participants. Compared to healthy participants, patients with controlled DM showed a threefold increased CVR (OR = 3.02, 95% C.I. = 1.41-7.24) while this risk catapulted to 13 times among those with uncontrolled DM (OR = 13.57, 95% C.I. = 6.99-26.36). Conclusion: Participants with DM are at moderate to high CVR. Individuals with uncontrolled DM showed higher CVR profiles as measured by FRS and have a higher prevalence of obesity, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity.
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal, 2009