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GLOBAL MARKETING CHANNELS AND PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION, 2023
The chapter "Global Marketing Channels and Physical Distribution" discusses global marketing chan... more The chapter "Global Marketing Channels and Physical Distribution" discusses global marketing channels and physical distribution in the context of international business. Global Marketing Channels and Physical Distribution play an important role in helping companies to reach consumers around the world. This chapter consists of four main sections, namely the basic structure of consumer channels and industry channels, guidelines that companies should follow when creating channels and working with intermediaries in the global market, categories of retail operations found in different parts of the world, and six major international modes of transportation. The basic structure of consumer channels and industrial channels explains the differences between consumer and industrial channels, as well as the role of each party in distribution channels in the global market. Besides that, the discussion also includes the advantages and disadvantages of each channel. This chapter also provides guidelines that companies should follow when creating channels and working with intermediaries in global markets. This guide covers the selection of appropriate intermediaries, pricing policy setting, and risk management in international business, and discusses the categories of retail operations found in different parts of the world. Some examples of these retail categories include convenience stores, hypermarkets, discount stores, and so on. Each type of retail has advantages and disadvantages that companies must consider before deciding to sell their products in these stores. Then the last one discusses the six main modes of international transportation, namely ships, airplanes, trucks, trains, container ships, and pipes. An explanation of the characteristics and advantages of each of these modes of transportation is presented to assist companies in choosing the most appropriate mode of transportation for their international business.
Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 2016
This study aimed to determine the capital position and company's performance in Indonesia during ... more This study aimed to determine the capital position and company's performance in Indonesia during the 2008-2012 period and to determine the factors that affected the company's financial flexibility in Indonesian firms. The samples of this study were 45 largest capitalized company listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange.This study used synthetic rating and the debt service coverage ratio to determine the company's capital position and performance, and used panel data to determine the factors that affected financial flexibility. The results showed that existence a decrease in the default rate, in 2008 the average default rate was 6.12%, in 2009 decreased to 3.99%, in 2010 down to 2.91%, and then in 2011 and 2012 slightly increased to 3.17% and 3.30 %. Based on the results of panel data the factors that affected the financial flexibility is Leverage Ratio, Free Cash Flow, and crisis.
This study investigates the determinants of outsourcing-based human resources management in small... more This study investigates the determinants of outsourcing-based human resources management in small enterprises in Central Java. The conceptual framework follows adaptive flexibility model that hinges upon the characteristics of the firms. Using multistage sampling, the results show that less than one fourth of the sample adopts outsourcing-based employee. Further, the study provides supportive evidence to the variables of competitiveness, environmental uncertainty, and firm size. The findings imply that small enterprises in Central Java pursue strategy that differs from their non Indonesian counterparts. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menemukan model penerapan fleksibilitas sumberdaya manusia pada UMKM di Jawa Tengah dalam merespon perubahan yang terjadi, ditinjau dari berbagai karakteristik yang dimiliki. Fleksibilitas diukur dari proporsi tenaga kerja kontrak dan paruh waktu yang digunakan. Target populasi adalah UMKM di Jawa Tengah yang mempekerjakan minimal 1 karyawan. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan multistage sampling. Pertama mengambil 4 kota/kabupaten, dan kedua mengambil UMKM yang mewakili ko/kabupaten tersebut. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara terstruktur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar UMKM di Jawa Tengah mengandalkan tenaga kerja tetap, dan hanya sedikit (22,25%) yang menggunakan tenaga kerja kontrak dan paruh waktu. Dari sebelas hipotesis yang diajukan hanya 3 yang didukung, yakni Kekuatan Bersaing, Ketidakpastian Lingkungan, dan Ukuran Perusahaan. Delapan hipotesis yang lain menunjukkan hasil yang tidak signifikan. Bisa disimpulkan bahwa strategi fleksibilitas yang digunakan oleh UMKM di Jawa Tengah mempunyai pola yang berbeda dengan yang dilakukan di negara lain. Kata kunci: Fleksibilitas, Tenaga kerja kontrak, Tenaga kerja paruh waktu, UMKM. Disclaimer: Penelitian ini dimungkinkan dengan bantuan yang intensif dari Lintang Ayuninggar. Dana penelitian disediakan oleh Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Sebelas Maret. Kelemahan dalam penelitian ini merupakan tanggungjawab penulis sepenuhnya
GLOBAL MARKETING CHANNELS AND PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION, 2023
The chapter "Global Marketing Channels and Physical Distribution" discusses global marketing chan... more The chapter "Global Marketing Channels and Physical Distribution" discusses global marketing channels and physical distribution in the context of international business. Global Marketing Channels and Physical Distribution play an important role in helping companies to reach consumers around the world. This chapter consists of four main sections, namely the basic structure of consumer channels and industry channels, guidelines that companies should follow when creating channels and working with intermediaries in the global market, categories of retail operations found in different parts of the world, and six major international modes of transportation. The basic structure of consumer channels and industrial channels explains the differences between consumer and industrial channels, as well as the role of each party in distribution channels in the global market. Besides that, the discussion also includes the advantages and disadvantages of each channel. This chapter also provides guidelines that companies should follow when creating channels and working with intermediaries in global markets. This guide covers the selection of appropriate intermediaries, pricing policy setting, and risk management in international business, and discusses the categories of retail operations found in different parts of the world. Some examples of these retail categories include convenience stores, hypermarkets, discount stores, and so on. Each type of retail has advantages and disadvantages that companies must consider before deciding to sell their products in these stores. Then the last one discusses the six main modes of international transportation, namely ships, airplanes, trucks, trains, container ships, and pipes. An explanation of the characteristics and advantages of each of these modes of transportation is presented to assist companies in choosing the most appropriate mode of transportation for their international business.
Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 2016
This study aimed to determine the capital position and company's performance in Indonesia during ... more This study aimed to determine the capital position and company's performance in Indonesia during the 2008-2012 period and to determine the factors that affected the company's financial flexibility in Indonesian firms. The samples of this study were 45 largest capitalized company listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange.This study used synthetic rating and the debt service coverage ratio to determine the company's capital position and performance, and used panel data to determine the factors that affected financial flexibility. The results showed that existence a decrease in the default rate, in 2008 the average default rate was 6.12%, in 2009 decreased to 3.99%, in 2010 down to 2.91%, and then in 2011 and 2012 slightly increased to 3.17% and 3.30 %. Based on the results of panel data the factors that affected the financial flexibility is Leverage Ratio, Free Cash Flow, and crisis.
This study investigates the determinants of outsourcing-based human resources management in small... more This study investigates the determinants of outsourcing-based human resources management in small enterprises in Central Java. The conceptual framework follows adaptive flexibility model that hinges upon the characteristics of the firms. Using multistage sampling, the results show that less than one fourth of the sample adopts outsourcing-based employee. Further, the study provides supportive evidence to the variables of competitiveness, environmental uncertainty, and firm size. The findings imply that small enterprises in Central Java pursue strategy that differs from their non Indonesian counterparts. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menemukan model penerapan fleksibilitas sumberdaya manusia pada UMKM di Jawa Tengah dalam merespon perubahan yang terjadi, ditinjau dari berbagai karakteristik yang dimiliki. Fleksibilitas diukur dari proporsi tenaga kerja kontrak dan paruh waktu yang digunakan. Target populasi adalah UMKM di Jawa Tengah yang mempekerjakan minimal 1 karyawan. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan multistage sampling. Pertama mengambil 4 kota/kabupaten, dan kedua mengambil UMKM yang mewakili ko/kabupaten tersebut. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara terstruktur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar UMKM di Jawa Tengah mengandalkan tenaga kerja tetap, dan hanya sedikit (22,25%) yang menggunakan tenaga kerja kontrak dan paruh waktu. Dari sebelas hipotesis yang diajukan hanya 3 yang didukung, yakni Kekuatan Bersaing, Ketidakpastian Lingkungan, dan Ukuran Perusahaan. Delapan hipotesis yang lain menunjukkan hasil yang tidak signifikan. Bisa disimpulkan bahwa strategi fleksibilitas yang digunakan oleh UMKM di Jawa Tengah mempunyai pola yang berbeda dengan yang dilakukan di negara lain. Kata kunci: Fleksibilitas, Tenaga kerja kontrak, Tenaga kerja paruh waktu, UMKM. Disclaimer: Penelitian ini dimungkinkan dengan bantuan yang intensif dari Lintang Ayuninggar. Dana penelitian disediakan oleh Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Sebelas Maret. Kelemahan dalam penelitian ini merupakan tanggungjawab penulis sepenuhnya