Amirhossein Hosseini - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Amirhossein Hosseini

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of probiotic supplementation on abdominal pain severity in pediatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

World Journal of Pediatrics

Research paper thumbnail of Solitary polypoid lesion in gastric cardia; a case report and review of literature

International Journal of Pediatrics, 2015

AbstractIntroduction: Hyperplastic polyps of the esophago-gastric junction are seen during endosc... more AbstractIntroduction: Hyperplastic polyps of the esophago-gastric junction are seen during endoscopic evaluation of upper gastrointestinal tract. They are usually asymptomatic and discovered accidentally during endoscopic evaluation for other problems. These protrusions are mucosal regenerative response to surrounding mucosal injury. Case: Here we present a 9-year-old boy presenting with abdominal pain and vomiting since about one year ago. Recently, he was suffering from retrosternal chest pain. So after thorough clinical and paraclinical evaluations, upper endoscopy was done and, a small polypoid lesion in esophago-gastric junction was seen. Its surface seems normal and the polyp has no true stalk. Polypectomy was performed without any complication.Discussion: These lesions usually are regenerative response to surrounding mucosal injury. So, a thorough clinical evaluation and obtaining the sufficient biopsy specimen of the nonpolypoid mucosa are necessary for determining the clini...

Research paper thumbnail of Hiatal Hernia as a Mysterious Diagnosis; a Case Report

International Journal of Pediatrics, 2015

Introduction: Proximal displacement of stomach and gastro-esophageal junction into the thoracic c... more Introduction: Proximal displacement of stomach and gastro-esophageal junction into the thoracic cavity results in a condition known as hiatal hernia (HH). Sometimes this entity is neglected in practice and the patient is handled as gastroesophageal reflux disease, asthma or other non-surgical diagnosis.Case: Here we present a 6 months-old female infant who present with bloody emesis since two months of age. She evaluated and labeled as gastritis and managed with proton pump inhibitors. Finally, after developing respiratory complaints, a strange retro cardiac shadow help physicians in reaching the correct diagnosis.Discussion: In primary work up of patents with gastrointestinal or respiratory complaints we should consider some anatomical abnormalities that can easily be missed. HH is one of these neglected entities especially in pediatric population.

Research paper thumbnail of Late-Onset Presentation of the Jejunal Web: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics

Introduction: The congenital intestinal web is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction classified... more Introduction: The congenital intestinal web is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction classified as type I intestinal atresia. The second portion of the duodenum is the most prevalent site for these webs, whereas the jejunal web is rare. Case presentation: In this study, we present a very uncommon late presentation of the jejunal web in an 18-month-old girl complaining of chronic recurrent vomiting, constipation, and failure to thrive (FTT). After thorough investigations, the diagnosis was confirmed by the small bowel follow-through. The surgical procedure resulted in a significant improvement in patient’s quality of life, given the subsequent increase in her weight and height. Conclusions: Vomiting that occurs at any age is pathologic and requires careful history taking thorough clinical examination and evaluation, especially in patients treated with proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole for a long time with a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) without any res...

Research paper thumbnail of Pediatric Gallbladder Dysmotility: Not as Rare as Previously Considered; a Case Report and Review of Literature

Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics

Introduction: Chronic abdominal pain in children is mostly functional, but in association with al... more Introduction: Chronic abdominal pain in children is mostly functional, but in association with alarm symptoms such as recurrent vomiting, it is necessary to determine proper tests for the diagnosis of probable underlying organic problems. Case Presentation: Four patients with chronic refractory abdominal pain and nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms presented to our tertiary pediatric center. After thorough medical and psychological investigations and hepatobiliary scintigraphy, and calculating gallbladder ejection fraction, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed. One year after the surgery, they were relatively symptom-free and returned to their routine life. Conclusions: Biliary tract abnormalities should be considered as a probable cause of chronic abdominal pain in children. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy can provide promising results to help to identify the underlying causes of chronic abdominal pain in association with nonspecific gastrointestinal manifestations.

Research paper thumbnail of The Impact of Maternal Breast Milk in Preventing Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Narrative Review

Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics

Context: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), as a life-threatening gastrointestinal tract disease, i... more Context: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), as a life-threatening gastrointestinal tract disease, is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Extensive inflammation, progressive hemorrhagic necrosis, and overwhelming infection of the gut are reasons why NEC is known as a devastating disease in premature infants. Almost 45% of affected preterm infants die, and those who survive suffer from multiple complications. Human milk, the best food for newborns, plays a significant role in supporting the immune system. Both mother’s own milk (MOM) and donor human milk (DHM) are particularly important in the prevention and lessening of the severity of NEC. Evidence Acquisition: We searched PubMed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar databases for articles that investigated the correlation between NEC and human milk. Then all data were accessed about their relevancy to this current subject. Results: In summary, the purpose of this article is to firstly review the protective role of breast m...

Research paper thumbnail of Life-threatening SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children: A Single-center Case Series

Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known as the most recent pandemic condition ... more Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known as the most recent pandemic condition declared by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is widely believed that this infection is less frequent and severe in children, but few mortality reports are available in this age group population. Case Presentation: We described nine pediatric patients with probable or confirmed COVID-19 who died due to disease complications. Their age ranged between seven months and 14 years. All had underlying diseases, and three of them had been hospitalized before the COVID-19 diagnosis due to their previous medical conditions. Cough and respiratory symptoms were the most common symptoms observed in these patients. Bilateral ground-glass opacities were common radiologic findings. Conclusions: Although COVID-19 is less common in the pediatric group, all ages are vulnerable to this infection, and mortality may occur, especially in patients with underlying diseases. We emphasize that children with ...

Research paper thumbnail of Vaginal foreign body in a 4 year old girl: a case report

Vaginal foreign body is an uncommon clinical entity in the pediatric population but it is more co... more Vaginal foreign body is an uncommon clinical entity in the pediatric population but it is more common in mentally retarded and young children. In this case report, we present a 4-year-old girl who was brought to the emergency room with a history of self-insertion of a pen cap into the vaginal orifice which had no vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge, abdominal pain or urinary symptoms.

Research paper thumbnail of COVID-19 pneumonia in a child with hepatic encephalopathy: A case study

Iranian Journal of Child Neurology, 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the seventh coronavirus, known as the severe acu... more Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the seventh coronavirus, known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2). Children often have milder diseases than adults with very rare mortality. Gastrointestinal manifestations and a mild increase in liver enzymes have been reported in 8.8% to 53% of COVID-19 cases. However, liver failure is extremely rare and has not been reported so far in the literature. The prevalence of comorbidities is not clear in children with COVID-19. Here, we reported a fatal case of simultaneous pneumonia secondary to SARS-CoV-2and acute liver failure in a 14-year-old boy with liver cirrhosis.

Research paper thumbnail of Autoimmune pancreatitis as a very rare cause of recurrent pancreatitis in children; a case report and review of literature

Autoimmune pancreatitis as chronic inflammation of the pancreas due to an autoimmune mechanism is... more Autoimmune pancreatitis as chronic inflammation of the pancreas due to an autoimmune mechanism is a rare type of pancreatitis. A 14 years old girl presented with multiple episodes of abdominal pain, nausea with elevation of amylase and lipase suspicions of acute recurrent pancreatitis since 3 years of age. After through evaluation about secondary causes of recurrent and familial pancreatitis finally she responded to corticosteroid treatment. Although very rare but autoimmune processes should be considered in teenagers with recurrent pancreatitis.

Research paper thumbnail of It's time to revise the role of positive D- penicillamine challenge test in diagnosis of Wilson disease

Hepatic involvement in Wilson disease consists of isolated elevated liver enzyme, asymptomatic he... more Hepatic involvement in Wilson disease consists of isolated elevated liver enzyme, asymptomatic hepatomegaly, cirrhosis and acute liver failure. Here we report three patients with unexplained elevated liver enzyme. By considering the level of urinary excretion of copper after penicillamine challenge test we had some problems in the process of diagnosis. Therefore we think of cautiously applying the diagnostic cut-off in mentioned challenge test.

Research paper thumbnail of Life-threatening SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children: A Single-center Case Series

Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known as the most recent pandemic condition ... more Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known as the most recent pandemic condition declared by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is widely believed that this infection is less frequent and severe in children, but few mortality reports are available in this age group population. Case Presentation: We described nine pediatric patients with probable or confirmed COVID-19 who died due to disease complications. Their age ranged between seven months and 14 years. All had underlying diseases, and three of them had been hospitalized before the COVID-19 diagnosis due to their previous medical conditions. Cough and respiratory symptoms were the most common symptoms observed in these patients. Bilateral ground-glass opacities were common radiologic findings. Conclusions: Although COVID-19 is less common in the pediatric group, all ages are vulnerable to this infection, and mortality may occur, especially in patients with underlying diseases. We emphasize that children with ...

Research paper thumbnail of The Late presenting Bochdalek hernia; A Case report and review of literature

We report a 22-month-old boy who referred due to nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and watery non-... more We report a 22-month-old boy who referred due to nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and watery non-bloody diarrhea and after thorough evaluation, a large defect in the left postero-lateral side of diaphragm and presence of bowel loops, spleen, stomach and left lobe of liver in the left hemi-thorax were detected. So, he was operated and managed with the impression of Bochdalek hernia. We have also reviewed the similar case reports in the past 10 years, briefly, in order to map the presentations and clinical course of cases with Bochdalek hernia which were diagnosed late, for giving physicians a better insight on this issue.

Research paper thumbnail of Maternal Risk Factors of Neonatal Mortality in Iran: A Case-Control Study

International Journal of Pediatrics, 2020

Background: Neonatal death is defined as death at any point in time during the first four weeks o... more Background: Neonatal death is defined as death at any point in time during the first four weeks of life. It is one of the most important criteria used to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in public areas. We aimed to investigate pre-pregnancy risk factors associated with neonatal death. Materials and Methods: This population-based case-control study was conducted in eight provinces and two cities of Iran in 2,788 mothers referred to health care centers during 2015 to 2018. Participants were divided into two cases (1162), and control (1626) groups. Expert staff to interview the participants for case and control groups used a structural interview checklist based on the same protocol. We evaluate the association factor between neonatal mortality, the dependent variable, and the maternal demographic and health status characteristics. Data collection was a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Expert staff interviewed parents to collect data based on the same protocol for case a...

Research paper thumbnail of Pediatric Gallbladder Dysmotility: Not as Rare as Previously Considered; a Case Report and Review of Literature

Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics, 2021

Introduction: Chronic abdominal pain in children is mostly functional, but in association with al... more Introduction: Chronic abdominal pain in children is mostly functional, but in association with alarm symptoms such as recurrent vomiting, it is necessary to determine proper tests for the diagnosis of probable underlying organic problems. Case Presentation: Four patients with chronic refractory abdominal pain and nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms presented to our tertiary pediatric center. After thorough medical and psychological investigations and hepatobiliary scintigraphy, and calculating gallbladder ejection fraction, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed. One year after the surgery, they were relatively symptom-free and returned to their routine life. Conclusions: Biliary tract abnormalities should be considered as a probable cause of chronic abdominal pain in children. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy can provide promising results to help to identify the underlying causes of chronic abdominal pain in association with nonspecific gastrointestinal manifestations.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Clarithromycin and Metronidazole Resistance of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Symptomatic Iranian Children

International Journal of Pediatrics, 2019

Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) as a gram-negative bacterium is the most common infection of the ... more Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) as a gram-negative bacterium is the most common infection of the gastrointestinal tract, and worldwide it affects the children over three years of age. H. pylori could cause gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations. Antibiotic resistance can happen primarily and occurs during treatment. We aimed to evaluate the resistance gene of H. pylori obtained from gastric biopsy by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in Iranian children over 3 years old. Materials and Methods This study was a cross-sectional to evaluate the resistance gene of H. pylori obtained from gastric biopsy by polymerase chain reaction method for metronidazole and clarithromycin in children over three years old referring to the Mofid Children's Medical Center in Tehran, Iran. Results: Finally, data from seventy-nine samples included (mean age=10.7 years and male gender = 60.8%). Beta Globulin (BG) gene were detectable in 75 (94.93%) specimens of 79 (100%). Seventeen out...

Research paper thumbnail of A Rare Case Report of Duodenal Adenocarcinoma Accompanied by Cerebellar Medulloblastoma

A case of a 6-year-old female with a diagnosis of Duodenal Adenocarcinoma is presented by the aut... more A case of a 6-year-old female with a diagnosis of Duodenal Adenocarcinoma is presented by the authors, in which 24 months subsequent to undergoing radiation therapy for a Cerebellar Medulloblastomas, the mentioned diagnosis has been confirmed. Although, the chance of a secondary malignancy has been recognized to be elevated in children formerly undergone radiation therapy, the incidence of duodenal adenocarcinoma is a highly infrequent condition. As a consideration, observing manifestations like weight loss, vomiting, and icterus in a pediatric patient who has been administered earlier on with radiation therapy, must alert physicians that the risk of a gastrointestinal malignancy exists.

Research paper thumbnail of Late-Onset Presentation of the Jejunal Web: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Introduction: The congenital intestinal web is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction classified... more Introduction: The congenital intestinal web is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction classified as type I intestinal atresia. The second portion of the duodenum is the most prevalent site for these webs, whereas the jejunal web is rare. Case presentation: In this study, we present a very uncommon late presentation of the jejunal web in an 18-month-old girl complaining of chronic recurrent vomiting, constipation, and failure to thrive (FTT). After thorough investigations, the diagnosis was confirmed by the small bowel follow-through. The surgical procedure resulted in a significant improvement in patient’s quality of life, given the subsequent increase in her weight and height. Conclusions: Vomiting that occurs at any age is pathologic and requires careful history taking thorough clinical examination and evaluation, especially in patients treated with proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole for a long time with a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) without any res...

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Nutritional Consultation on the Level of Malnutrition and Growth Indices in Children with Cystic Fibrosis

Background: Malnutrition is one of the most common disorders among children with Cystic Fibrosis ... more Background: Malnutrition is one of the most common disorders among children with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). The present study aimed to investigate the effect of nutritional consultation on the type and severity of malnutrition in children with CF. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 78 children with CF referred to Mofid Pediatric Hospital, Tehran, Iran, in 2017-2018. Their parents filled the demographic questionnaire. Participants with malnutrition were undergoing the assessment on growth indices, including weight, height, ideal body weight, mid-upper arm circumference, and Z-score. Moreover, the nutritional consultations were considered for them (30-45 minutes). Children and their parents were consulted and trained about total daily calorie acquirement, type, number of the meal, amount of food intake, drinks, and avoided eating of any low-calorie food like snacks, during the consultation. All patients were reassessed three months later for growth indice...

Research paper thumbnail of The Impact of Maternal Breast Milk in Preventing Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Narrative Review

Context: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), as a life-threatening gastrointestinal tract disease, i... more Context: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), as a life-threatening gastrointestinal tract disease, is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Extensive inflammation, progressive hemorrhagic necrosis, and overwhelming infection of the gut are reasons why NEC is known as a devastating disease in premature infants. Almost 45% of affected preterm infants die, and those who survive suffer from multiple complications. Human milk, the best food for newborns, plays a significant role in supporting the immune system. Both mother’s own milk (MOM) and donor human milk (DHM) are particularly important in the prevention and lessening of the severity of NEC. Evidence Acquisition: We searched PubMed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar databases for articles that investigated the correlation between NEC and human milk. Then all data were accessed about their relevancy to this current subject. Results: In summary, the purpose of this article is to firstly review the protective role of breast m...

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of probiotic supplementation on abdominal pain severity in pediatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

World Journal of Pediatrics

Research paper thumbnail of Solitary polypoid lesion in gastric cardia; a case report and review of literature

International Journal of Pediatrics, 2015

AbstractIntroduction: Hyperplastic polyps of the esophago-gastric junction are seen during endosc... more AbstractIntroduction: Hyperplastic polyps of the esophago-gastric junction are seen during endoscopic evaluation of upper gastrointestinal tract. They are usually asymptomatic and discovered accidentally during endoscopic evaluation for other problems. These protrusions are mucosal regenerative response to surrounding mucosal injury. Case: Here we present a 9-year-old boy presenting with abdominal pain and vomiting since about one year ago. Recently, he was suffering from retrosternal chest pain. So after thorough clinical and paraclinical evaluations, upper endoscopy was done and, a small polypoid lesion in esophago-gastric junction was seen. Its surface seems normal and the polyp has no true stalk. Polypectomy was performed without any complication.Discussion: These lesions usually are regenerative response to surrounding mucosal injury. So, a thorough clinical evaluation and obtaining the sufficient biopsy specimen of the nonpolypoid mucosa are necessary for determining the clini...

Research paper thumbnail of Hiatal Hernia as a Mysterious Diagnosis; a Case Report

International Journal of Pediatrics, 2015

Introduction: Proximal displacement of stomach and gastro-esophageal junction into the thoracic c... more Introduction: Proximal displacement of stomach and gastro-esophageal junction into the thoracic cavity results in a condition known as hiatal hernia (HH). Sometimes this entity is neglected in practice and the patient is handled as gastroesophageal reflux disease, asthma or other non-surgical diagnosis.Case: Here we present a 6 months-old female infant who present with bloody emesis since two months of age. She evaluated and labeled as gastritis and managed with proton pump inhibitors. Finally, after developing respiratory complaints, a strange retro cardiac shadow help physicians in reaching the correct diagnosis.Discussion: In primary work up of patents with gastrointestinal or respiratory complaints we should consider some anatomical abnormalities that can easily be missed. HH is one of these neglected entities especially in pediatric population.

Research paper thumbnail of Late-Onset Presentation of the Jejunal Web: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics

Introduction: The congenital intestinal web is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction classified... more Introduction: The congenital intestinal web is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction classified as type I intestinal atresia. The second portion of the duodenum is the most prevalent site for these webs, whereas the jejunal web is rare. Case presentation: In this study, we present a very uncommon late presentation of the jejunal web in an 18-month-old girl complaining of chronic recurrent vomiting, constipation, and failure to thrive (FTT). After thorough investigations, the diagnosis was confirmed by the small bowel follow-through. The surgical procedure resulted in a significant improvement in patient’s quality of life, given the subsequent increase in her weight and height. Conclusions: Vomiting that occurs at any age is pathologic and requires careful history taking thorough clinical examination and evaluation, especially in patients treated with proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole for a long time with a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) without any res...

Research paper thumbnail of Pediatric Gallbladder Dysmotility: Not as Rare as Previously Considered; a Case Report and Review of Literature

Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics

Introduction: Chronic abdominal pain in children is mostly functional, but in association with al... more Introduction: Chronic abdominal pain in children is mostly functional, but in association with alarm symptoms such as recurrent vomiting, it is necessary to determine proper tests for the diagnosis of probable underlying organic problems. Case Presentation: Four patients with chronic refractory abdominal pain and nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms presented to our tertiary pediatric center. After thorough medical and psychological investigations and hepatobiliary scintigraphy, and calculating gallbladder ejection fraction, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed. One year after the surgery, they were relatively symptom-free and returned to their routine life. Conclusions: Biliary tract abnormalities should be considered as a probable cause of chronic abdominal pain in children. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy can provide promising results to help to identify the underlying causes of chronic abdominal pain in association with nonspecific gastrointestinal manifestations.

Research paper thumbnail of The Impact of Maternal Breast Milk in Preventing Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Narrative Review

Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics

Context: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), as a life-threatening gastrointestinal tract disease, i... more Context: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), as a life-threatening gastrointestinal tract disease, is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Extensive inflammation, progressive hemorrhagic necrosis, and overwhelming infection of the gut are reasons why NEC is known as a devastating disease in premature infants. Almost 45% of affected preterm infants die, and those who survive suffer from multiple complications. Human milk, the best food for newborns, plays a significant role in supporting the immune system. Both mother’s own milk (MOM) and donor human milk (DHM) are particularly important in the prevention and lessening of the severity of NEC. Evidence Acquisition: We searched PubMed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar databases for articles that investigated the correlation between NEC and human milk. Then all data were accessed about their relevancy to this current subject. Results: In summary, the purpose of this article is to firstly review the protective role of breast m...

Research paper thumbnail of Life-threatening SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children: A Single-center Case Series

Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known as the most recent pandemic condition ... more Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known as the most recent pandemic condition declared by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is widely believed that this infection is less frequent and severe in children, but few mortality reports are available in this age group population. Case Presentation: We described nine pediatric patients with probable or confirmed COVID-19 who died due to disease complications. Their age ranged between seven months and 14 years. All had underlying diseases, and three of them had been hospitalized before the COVID-19 diagnosis due to their previous medical conditions. Cough and respiratory symptoms were the most common symptoms observed in these patients. Bilateral ground-glass opacities were common radiologic findings. Conclusions: Although COVID-19 is less common in the pediatric group, all ages are vulnerable to this infection, and mortality may occur, especially in patients with underlying diseases. We emphasize that children with ...

Research paper thumbnail of Vaginal foreign body in a 4 year old girl: a case report

Vaginal foreign body is an uncommon clinical entity in the pediatric population but it is more co... more Vaginal foreign body is an uncommon clinical entity in the pediatric population but it is more common in mentally retarded and young children. In this case report, we present a 4-year-old girl who was brought to the emergency room with a history of self-insertion of a pen cap into the vaginal orifice which had no vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge, abdominal pain or urinary symptoms.

Research paper thumbnail of COVID-19 pneumonia in a child with hepatic encephalopathy: A case study

Iranian Journal of Child Neurology, 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the seventh coronavirus, known as the severe acu... more Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the seventh coronavirus, known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2). Children often have milder diseases than adults with very rare mortality. Gastrointestinal manifestations and a mild increase in liver enzymes have been reported in 8.8% to 53% of COVID-19 cases. However, liver failure is extremely rare and has not been reported so far in the literature. The prevalence of comorbidities is not clear in children with COVID-19. Here, we reported a fatal case of simultaneous pneumonia secondary to SARS-CoV-2and acute liver failure in a 14-year-old boy with liver cirrhosis.

Research paper thumbnail of Autoimmune pancreatitis as a very rare cause of recurrent pancreatitis in children; a case report and review of literature

Autoimmune pancreatitis as chronic inflammation of the pancreas due to an autoimmune mechanism is... more Autoimmune pancreatitis as chronic inflammation of the pancreas due to an autoimmune mechanism is a rare type of pancreatitis. A 14 years old girl presented with multiple episodes of abdominal pain, nausea with elevation of amylase and lipase suspicions of acute recurrent pancreatitis since 3 years of age. After through evaluation about secondary causes of recurrent and familial pancreatitis finally she responded to corticosteroid treatment. Although very rare but autoimmune processes should be considered in teenagers with recurrent pancreatitis.

Research paper thumbnail of It's time to revise the role of positive D- penicillamine challenge test in diagnosis of Wilson disease

Hepatic involvement in Wilson disease consists of isolated elevated liver enzyme, asymptomatic he... more Hepatic involvement in Wilson disease consists of isolated elevated liver enzyme, asymptomatic hepatomegaly, cirrhosis and acute liver failure. Here we report three patients with unexplained elevated liver enzyme. By considering the level of urinary excretion of copper after penicillamine challenge test we had some problems in the process of diagnosis. Therefore we think of cautiously applying the diagnostic cut-off in mentioned challenge test.

Research paper thumbnail of Life-threatening SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children: A Single-center Case Series

Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known as the most recent pandemic condition ... more Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known as the most recent pandemic condition declared by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is widely believed that this infection is less frequent and severe in children, but few mortality reports are available in this age group population. Case Presentation: We described nine pediatric patients with probable or confirmed COVID-19 who died due to disease complications. Their age ranged between seven months and 14 years. All had underlying diseases, and three of them had been hospitalized before the COVID-19 diagnosis due to their previous medical conditions. Cough and respiratory symptoms were the most common symptoms observed in these patients. Bilateral ground-glass opacities were common radiologic findings. Conclusions: Although COVID-19 is less common in the pediatric group, all ages are vulnerable to this infection, and mortality may occur, especially in patients with underlying diseases. We emphasize that children with ...

Research paper thumbnail of The Late presenting Bochdalek hernia; A Case report and review of literature

We report a 22-month-old boy who referred due to nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and watery non-... more We report a 22-month-old boy who referred due to nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and watery non-bloody diarrhea and after thorough evaluation, a large defect in the left postero-lateral side of diaphragm and presence of bowel loops, spleen, stomach and left lobe of liver in the left hemi-thorax were detected. So, he was operated and managed with the impression of Bochdalek hernia. We have also reviewed the similar case reports in the past 10 years, briefly, in order to map the presentations and clinical course of cases with Bochdalek hernia which were diagnosed late, for giving physicians a better insight on this issue.

Research paper thumbnail of Maternal Risk Factors of Neonatal Mortality in Iran: A Case-Control Study

International Journal of Pediatrics, 2020

Background: Neonatal death is defined as death at any point in time during the first four weeks o... more Background: Neonatal death is defined as death at any point in time during the first four weeks of life. It is one of the most important criteria used to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in public areas. We aimed to investigate pre-pregnancy risk factors associated with neonatal death. Materials and Methods: This population-based case-control study was conducted in eight provinces and two cities of Iran in 2,788 mothers referred to health care centers during 2015 to 2018. Participants were divided into two cases (1162), and control (1626) groups. Expert staff to interview the participants for case and control groups used a structural interview checklist based on the same protocol. We evaluate the association factor between neonatal mortality, the dependent variable, and the maternal demographic and health status characteristics. Data collection was a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Expert staff interviewed parents to collect data based on the same protocol for case a...

Research paper thumbnail of Pediatric Gallbladder Dysmotility: Not as Rare as Previously Considered; a Case Report and Review of Literature

Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics, 2021

Introduction: Chronic abdominal pain in children is mostly functional, but in association with al... more Introduction: Chronic abdominal pain in children is mostly functional, but in association with alarm symptoms such as recurrent vomiting, it is necessary to determine proper tests for the diagnosis of probable underlying organic problems. Case Presentation: Four patients with chronic refractory abdominal pain and nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms presented to our tertiary pediatric center. After thorough medical and psychological investigations and hepatobiliary scintigraphy, and calculating gallbladder ejection fraction, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed. One year after the surgery, they were relatively symptom-free and returned to their routine life. Conclusions: Biliary tract abnormalities should be considered as a probable cause of chronic abdominal pain in children. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy can provide promising results to help to identify the underlying causes of chronic abdominal pain in association with nonspecific gastrointestinal manifestations.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Clarithromycin and Metronidazole Resistance of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Symptomatic Iranian Children

International Journal of Pediatrics, 2019

Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) as a gram-negative bacterium is the most common infection of the ... more Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) as a gram-negative bacterium is the most common infection of the gastrointestinal tract, and worldwide it affects the children over three years of age. H. pylori could cause gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations. Antibiotic resistance can happen primarily and occurs during treatment. We aimed to evaluate the resistance gene of H. pylori obtained from gastric biopsy by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in Iranian children over 3 years old. Materials and Methods This study was a cross-sectional to evaluate the resistance gene of H. pylori obtained from gastric biopsy by polymerase chain reaction method for metronidazole and clarithromycin in children over three years old referring to the Mofid Children's Medical Center in Tehran, Iran. Results: Finally, data from seventy-nine samples included (mean age=10.7 years and male gender = 60.8%). Beta Globulin (BG) gene were detectable in 75 (94.93%) specimens of 79 (100%). Seventeen out...

Research paper thumbnail of A Rare Case Report of Duodenal Adenocarcinoma Accompanied by Cerebellar Medulloblastoma

A case of a 6-year-old female with a diagnosis of Duodenal Adenocarcinoma is presented by the aut... more A case of a 6-year-old female with a diagnosis of Duodenal Adenocarcinoma is presented by the authors, in which 24 months subsequent to undergoing radiation therapy for a Cerebellar Medulloblastomas, the mentioned diagnosis has been confirmed. Although, the chance of a secondary malignancy has been recognized to be elevated in children formerly undergone radiation therapy, the incidence of duodenal adenocarcinoma is a highly infrequent condition. As a consideration, observing manifestations like weight loss, vomiting, and icterus in a pediatric patient who has been administered earlier on with radiation therapy, must alert physicians that the risk of a gastrointestinal malignancy exists.

Research paper thumbnail of Late-Onset Presentation of the Jejunal Web: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Introduction: The congenital intestinal web is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction classified... more Introduction: The congenital intestinal web is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction classified as type I intestinal atresia. The second portion of the duodenum is the most prevalent site for these webs, whereas the jejunal web is rare. Case presentation: In this study, we present a very uncommon late presentation of the jejunal web in an 18-month-old girl complaining of chronic recurrent vomiting, constipation, and failure to thrive (FTT). After thorough investigations, the diagnosis was confirmed by the small bowel follow-through. The surgical procedure resulted in a significant improvement in patient’s quality of life, given the subsequent increase in her weight and height. Conclusions: Vomiting that occurs at any age is pathologic and requires careful history taking thorough clinical examination and evaluation, especially in patients treated with proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole for a long time with a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) without any res...

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Nutritional Consultation on the Level of Malnutrition and Growth Indices in Children with Cystic Fibrosis

Background: Malnutrition is one of the most common disorders among children with Cystic Fibrosis ... more Background: Malnutrition is one of the most common disorders among children with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). The present study aimed to investigate the effect of nutritional consultation on the type and severity of malnutrition in children with CF. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 78 children with CF referred to Mofid Pediatric Hospital, Tehran, Iran, in 2017-2018. Their parents filled the demographic questionnaire. Participants with malnutrition were undergoing the assessment on growth indices, including weight, height, ideal body weight, mid-upper arm circumference, and Z-score. Moreover, the nutritional consultations were considered for them (30-45 minutes). Children and their parents were consulted and trained about total daily calorie acquirement, type, number of the meal, amount of food intake, drinks, and avoided eating of any low-calorie food like snacks, during the consultation. All patients were reassessed three months later for growth indice...

Research paper thumbnail of The Impact of Maternal Breast Milk in Preventing Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Narrative Review

Context: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), as a life-threatening gastrointestinal tract disease, i... more Context: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), as a life-threatening gastrointestinal tract disease, is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Extensive inflammation, progressive hemorrhagic necrosis, and overwhelming infection of the gut are reasons why NEC is known as a devastating disease in premature infants. Almost 45% of affected preterm infants die, and those who survive suffer from multiple complications. Human milk, the best food for newborns, plays a significant role in supporting the immune system. Both mother’s own milk (MOM) and donor human milk (DHM) are particularly important in the prevention and lessening of the severity of NEC. Evidence Acquisition: We searched PubMed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar databases for articles that investigated the correlation between NEC and human milk. Then all data were accessed about their relevancy to this current subject. Results: In summary, the purpose of this article is to firstly review the protective role of breast m...