Amit Goyal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Amit Goyal

Journal of Liposome Research, 2010

The localized delivery of fluconazole (FLZ) by conventional therapy is a major impediment in achi... more The localized delivery of fluconazole (FLZ) by conventional therapy is a major impediment in achieving its therapeutic efficacy against skin infections, such as cutaneous candidiasis. Therefore, the present study was aimed to develop FLZ-loaded vesicular construct(s), such as liposomes and niosomes, incorporated into carbopol gel (1%; w/w) for sustained, localized application. The liposomes and niosomes were prepared by the lipid/nonionic surfactant-based dry-film hydration method and were characterized for different parameters. In addition, antifungal activity was carried out on experimentally induced cutaneous candidiasis in immunosuppressed albino rats. The results showed that the size of liposomes and niosomes was found to be 0.348 ± 0.054 and 0.326 ± 0.033 μm with encapsulation efficiency of 31.8 ± 1.36 and 27.6 ± 1.08%, respectively. The skin-retention studies of FLZ from in vitro and in vivo experiments showed significantly higher accumulation of drug in the case of liposomal gel. The in vivo localization studies in viable skin showed that liposomal gel could produce 14.2-fold higher drug accumulation, compared with plain gel, while it was 3.3-fold more in the case of an equivalent-dose application in the form of niosomal gel. The antifungal study also confirmed the maximum therapeutic efficacy of liposomal gel, as the lowest number of cfu/mL was recorded following liposomal FLZ application. The studies signify the potential of liposomal gel for topical delivery of FLZ with increased accumulation of drug in various strata of skin vis-a-vis through sustained release of drug could maintain the localized effect, resulting in an effective treatment of a life-threatening cutaneous fungal infection.

The Open Pharmacology Journal, 2018

Introduction:Anti-angiogenic therapy can produce transient regression in tumor in case of Gliobla... more Introduction:Anti-angiogenic therapy can produce transient regression in tumor in case of Glioblastoma (GBM); however, no prolongation of patient survival rate had so far been achieved.Methodology:To address this problem, an effort was made to design and characterize a temozolomide loaded nanosystem for targeting the tumor vasculature in the brain using polymeric nanoparticles. It included the formation of Temozolomide (TMZ) loaded Solid-Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) and their conjugation with polysorbate-80 (P-80) which enhanced the penetration of drug to blood-brain barrier resulting in the enhancement of pro-apoptotic activity.Results:Conjugating nanoparticles with a tumor-penetrating polymer (P-80) further enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of the drug.Conclusion:The animal studies indicated the enhanced potential of the developed system in the effective treatment of glioblastoma.

Scientia pharmaceutica, 2010

The present study was oriented towards microencapsulation of aspirin and the study of its release... more The present study was oriented towards microencapsulation of aspirin and the study of its release kinetics. The desired encapsulation was achieved by emulsion solvent evaporation method using ethyl cellulose (EC), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) and their mixture (1:1) of polymeric constituents. Characterization of the formulations was performed by size, shape, drug loading efficiency and in-vitro drug release analysis. The in-vitro release profiles from different polymeric microcapsules were applied on different kinetic models. The prepared microcapsules were found free flowing and almost spherical in shape with particle sizes ranging from 300â700Îm, having a loading efficiency of 75â85%. The best fit model with the highest correlation coefficient was observed in Higuchi model, indicating diffusion controlled principle. The n value obtained from Korsemeyer-Peppas model varied between 0.5â0.7, confirming that the mechanism of drug release was diffusion controlled. Comparative stud...

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2010

Purpose: To develop ampicillin trihydrate-loaded chitosan nanoparticles by modified ionic gelatio... more Purpose: To develop ampicillin trihydrate-loaded chitosan nanoparticles by modified ionic gelation method and evaluate their antimicrobial activity. Methods: Ampicillin trihydrate-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method with the aid of sonication. Parameters such as the zeta potential, polydispersity, particle size, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release of the nanoparticles were assessed for optimization. The antibacterial properties of the nanoparticle formulation were evaluated and compared with that of a commercial formulation (reference). Results: Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the nanoparticles were in the nanosize range but irregular in shape. Concentrations of 0.35 %w/v of chitosan and 0.40 %w/v sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and a sonication time of 20 min constituted the optimum conditions for the preparation of the nanoparticles. In vitro release data showed an initial burst followed by slow sustained drug release. The nanoparticles demonstrated superior antimicrobial activity to plain nanoparticles and the reference, due probably to the synergistic effect of chitosan and ampicillin trihydrate. Conclusion: Modified ionic gelation method can be utilized for the development of chitosan nanoparticles of ampicillin trihydrate. Polymer and crosslinking agent concentrations and sonication time are rate-limiting factors for the development of the optimized formulation. The chitosan nanoparticles developed would be capable of sustained delivery of ampicillin trihydrate.

Soft Materials, 2010

The medicated hydrogels were prepared aseptically under moist heat treatment using polyvinylpyrro... more The medicated hydrogels were prepared aseptically under moist heat treatment using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), sodium-carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyethyleneglycol (PEG), agar, glycerin and/or boric acid (BA) and designated as PVP-CMC and PVP-CMC-BA. The aim of this study was to develop some medicinal values-based hydrogels. BA was used to build up the medicinal values (antiseptic and antimicrobial properties) within the hydrogels. Optical images, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the hydrogels indicated that boric acid is uniformly dispersed within the cross-linked hydrogel network that may heal and protect the wounds from infections/sepsis. Swelling study in presence of water and physiological saline solution confirmed its reasonable absorption capacity. The rheological properties and mechanical properties demonstrated that the boric acid incorporated hydrogels are quite flexible. Assessment of antimicrobial property study proves that PVP-CMC-BA (3 % BA) has strong infection protection capacity.

Indian journal of experimental biology, 2007

In the present study tetanus toxoid (TT) loaded liposomes and diphtheria toxoid (DT) loaded lipos... more In the present study tetanus toxoid (TT) loaded liposomes and diphtheria toxoid (DT) loaded liposomes were prepared by reverse phase evaporation method and after combining these two vaccines the potential advantages were investigated. Prepared systems were characterized for the size, shape and entrapment efficiency. SDS-PAGE analysis of TT and DT was also performed. The selected liposomal formulations were administered subcutaneously to Balb/c mice and their immune responses were determined using ELISA after 15, 30, 45 days. After boosting the maximum immune response was observed after 45 days and was found to be 0.831 and 0.749 for TT loaded liposome and DT loaded liposomes respectively. When the mice were immunized subcutaneously with the physical mixture of TT loaded liposomes and DT loaded liposomes the immune response for the combination vaccine was found to be 1.44 and 0.741 for the TT and DT respectively. The result showed that the immune response of TT increased when it was ...

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology

Non-invasive mucosal immune response plays an important role in controlling various infections th... more Non-invasive mucosal immune response plays an important role in controlling various infections through mucosal route. Therefore, the appropriate induction of effective immune response should be elicited after immunization. Currently, a lot of strategies have been investigated to enhance the mucosal immunity including microparticles, liposomes, virosomes, cochleates and aracheosomes. These carriers due to tunable and unique physicochemical properties offer the possibility for better antigen presentation by appropriate cells, being more effective to induce a comparable immune response. The objective of this review is to give an overview of novel strategies for the delivery of vaccines through the mucosal route.

Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology, Jan 24, 2018

Science of drug delivery has achieved tremendous milestones in the last few decades. Emergence of... more Science of drug delivery has achieved tremendous milestones in the last few decades. Emergence of novel drug delivery techniques and the most popular nanotechnology directed the drug delivery to another level. Without any doubt, present technology holds the proficiency to approach even the intercellular targets. Between all these success auras, there lies wads of giant challenges. One such challenge is delivering the molecule directly to the blood stream. Parenteral route is considered as the most effective route for delivering active pharmaceutical substances, but is associated with major disadvantages of painful drug delivery. Modern drug delivery suggests several approaches to outstrip this painful phenomenon. In the present article, we represent a new systematic vision to understand the ability and desirability of mucosal sites to achieve painless drug delivery. Human mucosa presents supreme proximity to the blood circulation that one can even observe with naked eye. Advances in...

Current cancer drug targets, Jan 9, 2017

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women. Standard treatment options available f... more Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women. Standard treatment options available for cervical cancer including chemotherapy, surgery and radiation therapy associated with their own side effects and toxicities. Tumor-targeted delivery of anticancer drugs is perhaps one of the most appropriate strategies to achieve optimal outcomes from treatment and improve quality of life. Recently nanocarriers based drug delivery systems owing to their unique properties have been extensively investigated for anticancer drug delivery. In addition to that addressing the anatomical significance of cervical cancer, various local drug delivery strategies for the cancer treatment are introduced like: gels, nanoparticles, polymeric films, rods and wafers, lipid based nanocarrier. Localized drug delivery systems allows passive drug targeting results in high drug concentration at the target site. Further they can be tailor made to achieve both sustained and controlled release behavior, substa...

Journal of drug targeting, Jan 15, 2017

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) may have the potential to overcome problems related to conventional che... more Metal nanoparticles (NPs) may have the potential to overcome problems related to conventional chemotherapy. Metal NPs reported to play a beneficial and powerful role in cancer therapy providing better targeting, gene silencing and drug delivery. Functionalised metal NPs with targeting ligands offer a better control of energy deposition in the tumours. Apart from therapeutic benefits, metal NPs are also used as a diagnostic tool for the imaging of cancer cells. Metal NP-based therapeutic systems not only provide simultaneous diagnostic and therapy but also allow controlled and targeted drug release which helps to revolutionise cancer treatment and management. This review addresses the advancement of metal NPs in tumour therapy with a focus on those being explained into clinical settings.

Current drug delivery, Jan 2, 2017

Electrospun nonwoven nanofibers are emerging as a novel carrier for verity of drugs meant for tre... more Electrospun nonwoven nanofibers are emerging as a novel carrier for verity of drugs meant for treatment of infections, disorders and tissue engineering scaffolds. These systems may used widely in controlled release of drug that are beneficial for the health management. Nonwoven structures may provide great surface area, absorbable, simplistic processing and economical. For water loving small molecule drugs, their high water solubility and poor partition and compatibility issues with polymers make it long term release yet more challenging. Several strategies have been explored to control the release of hydrophilic drugs with high drug payload in electrospun fibers. Various techniques like blending, co-axial electrospinning can be used to improve drug payload. Further, types of polymers are also important contributory factor on drug load and release. This review gives an overview of nanofibers used for controlled and sustained release for drugs.

Materials Science and Engineering: C

A small scale study was carried out to investigate the therapeutic efficacy cisplatin loaded poly... more A small scale study was carried out to investigate the therapeutic efficacy cisplatin loaded poly-caprolactone/chitosan composite electrospun nanofibers for local chemotherapy of cervical cancers in mice. The prepared nanofibers had shown the sustained release pattern up to one month. Prepared nanofibers were found to have greater mucoadhesive strength. An orthotopic cervical cancer model was established by inducing the EAC cell lines in the vaginal mucosa at cervix region of the mice. Intravaginal administration of the cisplatin loaded nanofibers showed lesser % cell viability as compared to the plain drug. In vivo studies showed a better anti-tumour efficacy of prepared nanofibers in animals at 14th and 21st after the beginning of treatment. Therefore the technique of electrospinning provides a favourable approach for the targeted delivery of the anti-cancer drug via vaginal route against cervical cancer.

Current drug delivery, Jan 18, 2017

To treat cancer, chemotherapy is a key therapeutic approach which is associated with several limi... more To treat cancer, chemotherapy is a key therapeutic approach which is associated with several limitations. This chemotherapeutical agents exhibit multi drug resistance coupled with undesirable side effects. This multidrug resistance is exhibited by tumor cell due to actuation of drug out flow mechanism, programmed cell death and protection mechanisms etc. One of the therapeutic approaches to cure cancer is RNA interference (RNAi). Small interfering RNA (si-RNA) is considered as a major therapeutic tool used to control expression of a particular gene. It is a well known fact that intake of more drugs can lead to cancer chemo resistance, thus siRNA based therapeutic approach is under scrutiny to cure cancer. Mostly cancer cells in patients who are on chemotherapy show withdrawal effects over the course of treatment. These symptoms usually observed in cancer cells patients acquire defense mechanism by over expression of drug efflux pumps, increased metabolism of drug, self repairing cap...

Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins, Sep 8, 2017

The present study is utilizing the targeted therapeutic approach and antioxidant potential of sel... more The present study is utilizing the targeted therapeutic approach and antioxidant potential of selected probiotic biomass in mitigating toxic side effects of chemotherapeutic agents. Multicomponent carrier system consisting of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and selected probiotic strain with higher free radical scavenging activity was prepared using spray drying technique. Prepared spray dried microparticles were characterized for various physical, pharmaceutical, and biopharmaceutical properties including particle size, moisture content, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, DSC, XRD, cell uptake, histopathology, and pharmacokinetic studies. In addition to the above, optimized formulation was subjected to in vivo targeting efficacy studies using radiographic technique. Optimized formulation meets the necessary physical requirement for pharmaceutical powder. X-ray studies revealed that the prepared spray dried formulations are able to target the colon. Pharmacokinetic endpoints with a...

Drug delivery, 2017

More than 35 million people are living with HIV worldwide with approximately 2.3 million new infe... more More than 35 million people are living with HIV worldwide with approximately 2.3 million new infections per year. Cascade of events (cell entry, virus replication, assembly and release of newly formed virions) is involved in the HIV-1 transmission process. Every single step offers a potential therapeutic strategy to halt this progression and HIV fusion into the human host cell is one such stage. Controlling the initial event of HIV-1 transmission is the best way to control its dissemination especially when prophylaxis is concerned. Action is required either on the HIV's or host's cell surface which is logically more rational when compared with other intracellular acting moieties. Aim of this manuscript is to detail the significance and current strategies to halt this initial step, thus blocking the entry of HIV-1 for further infection. Both HIV-1 and the possible host cell's receptors/co-receptors are under focus while specifying the targets available for inhibiting this...

Drug Delivery, 2016

The main object of this current research was to examine transferosomes as a transdermal delivery ... more The main object of this current research was to examine transferosomes as a transdermal delivery system for insulin, to overwhelm the difficulties related with its subcutaneous delivery. Transferosomal gel formulations were prepared by rotary evaporation sonication technique. The result revealed that insulin was successfully entrapped (78%) in optimized formulations (2.5 I.U. of the drug and 25% of sodium cholate) with cumulative percent drug release (83.11 ± 3.782). The glucose lowering study revealed that the transferosomal gel with chemical penetration enhancer showed better glucose lowering effect as compared to the control gel. Consequently, this study authenticated that the transferosomal gel can be used as a possible substitute to the conventional formulations of insulin with progressive permeation characteristics for transdermal application.

Critical reviews in therapeutic drug carrier systems, 2015

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photoactive process that uses the combination of photosensitizers... more Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photoactive process that uses the combination of photosensitizers (PSs) and specific wavelengths of light for the treatment of solid tumors and other diseases. PDT received increased attention after regulatory approval of several photosensitizing drugs and light applicators worldwide. With the advent of newer PSs, the role of PDT in the treatment of cancer and other diseases has been revolutionized. In addition, various targeting strategies developed for site-specific delivery of PSs will be helpful for avoiding phototoxicity to normal tissues. Receptor-mediated targeted PDT approaches using nanocarriers offer the opportunity of enhancing photodynamic efficiency by directly targeting diseased cells and tissues. At present, clinical application of PDT is well established in medicine and surgery. Successfully used in dermatology, urology, gastroenterology, and neurosurgery, PDT has also seen much progress in basic sciences and clinical photodynamics in ...

Pharmaceutical development and technology, Jan 3, 2015

Currently, one-third of the world's population is infected with tuberculosis (TB) mainly spre... more Currently, one-third of the world's population is infected with tuberculosis (TB) mainly spread by inhalation of the tubercle bacilli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Patient non-compliance is the major reason for failure of anti-tubercular drugs (ATDs) chemotherapy due to multidrug administration for longer duration of time period. The main aim of current research study was to develop and characterize inhalable spray-dried particles for pulmonary delivery of ATDs, i.e., rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH). ATDs-loaded alginate particles were prepared by ionotropic gelation technique followed by spray drying and characterized on the basis of various evaluation parameters. Results showed that the optimized spray-dried particles were found to be spherical in shape with excellent flow properties. The drug release showed the biphasic pattern of release, i.e., initial burst (30-40% up to 4 h) followed by a sustained release pattern (90% up to 60 h). Optimized formulations exhibited lowe...

Journal of Drug Targeting, 2015

Electrospun nanofibers showing great promise for fabricating nanostructured materials might help ... more Electrospun nanofibers showing great promise for fabricating nanostructured materials might help to improve the quality of wound care. The present study aimed to investigate the wound-healing potential of collagen nanofiber mats containing silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized by the chemical reduction method were incorporated in collagen nanofibers during the electrospinning process. Characterization of electrospun nanofiber mats revealed a mean fiber diameters in the range of 300-700 nm with a sustained release of silver ions shown to follow pseudo-order kinetics. MIC of AgNPs against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated using micro-dilution assay and further antimicrobial activity of fabricated nanofibers was performed. Finally, in vivo studies were performed to demonstrate the wound-healing efficacy of composite nanofibers. In vitro results confirmed the potential antimicrobial efficacy provided by AgNPs and AgNPs composite nanofibers, essential to provide an aseptic environment at the wound site. In vivo study revealed that the rate of wound healing of the composite nanofiber mats was found to be accelerated compared with plain collagen nanofibers. Histology analysis revealed an accelerated re-epithelization, collagen production, and better wound contraction with AgNPs composite collagen nanofibers.

Molecular Pharmaceutics, 2015

The foremost objective of the present research study was to develop and evaluate the potential of... more The foremost objective of the present research study was to develop and evaluate the potential of rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) loaded spray dried nanoembedded microparticles against experimental tuberculosis (TB). In this study, RIF-INH loaded various formulations (chitosan, guar gum, mannan, and guar gum coated chitosan) were prepared by spray drying and characterized on the basis of in vitro as well as in vivo studies. Results showed that guar gum spray dried particles showed uniform size distribution with smooth surface as compare to mannan formulations. Guar gum batches exhibited excellent flow ability attributed to their optimum moisture content and uniform size distribution. The drug release showed the biphasic pattern of release, i.e., initial burst followed by a sustained release pattern. The preferential uptake of guar gum coated formulations suggested the presence and selective uptake capability of mannose moiety to the specific cell surface of macrophages. In vivo lung distribution study showed that guar gum coated chitosan (GCNP) batches demonstrated prolonged residence at the target site and thereby improve the therapeutic utility of drug with a significant reduction in systemic toxicity. Optimized drug loaded GCNP formulation has resulted in almost 5-fold reduction of the number of bacilli as compared to control group. Histopathology study also demonstrated that none of the treated groups show any evidence of lung tissue abnormality. Hence, GCNPs could be a promising carrier for selective delivery of antitubercular drugs to alveolar macrophages with the interception of minimal side effects, for efficient management of TB.