Ampere Tseng - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Ampere Tseng
Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 2010
ABSTRACT In this article, the influences of bias types, doping conditions, and pattern geometry o... more ABSTRACT In this article, the influences of bias types, doping conditions, and pattern geometry on the kinetics of oxides on Si substrates produced by AFM tip‐induced local oxidation were investigated. The growth height of oxide using a +10V sample bias is higher than that when using a ‐10V tip bias, while the magnitude of sample‐tip bias is kept the same. A polygon concept was introduced to produce a circular pattern. The effects of the number of sides in the polygon on the height of oxide circular pattern were explored. It was observed that the oxide height increases with the number of sides of the polygon pattern when the radius is the same. And the oxide is higher on p‐Si(100) than on p‐Si(111) or n‐Si(111).
2010 International Conference on Computer Application and System Modeling (ICCASM 2010), 2010
Fundamentals and Applications, 2008
... Later, using multiple vertical manipulations, Salling, Kravchenko, and Lagally [20] could wri... more ... Later, using multiple vertical manipulations, Salling, Kravchenko, and Lagally [20] could write nanoscale trenches in Si (100) surfaces with a 2.4 nm ... shift value of− 4. 6 Hz with respect to first-mechanical resonant frequency of 160 kHz (courtesy of Dr. Oscar Custance of Osaka ...
Optical Review, 2005
For many years, the development of effective ablation or laser machining techniques for making mi... more For many years, the development of effective ablation or laser machining techniques for making micro-optical components has been the key factor in the birth of new photonic devices and systems. In this article, the ablation characteristics of two types of the most important transparent materials, transparent polymers and glasses, are studied. Simple shaped microcavities are first machined for studying the fundamental ablation parameters, including threshold fluence, effective absorption coefficient, and ablation rate. In studying polymer ablation, five standard grades and five proprietary polymeric compounds are selected. Ablation techniques using these transparent polymers for making arrayed ferrules and curved microlenses are presented. Applications of these ablated microstructures for optical fiber connectors, optical fiber coupling and alignment, and transparent chip encapsulants, are introduced and demonstrated with emphasis on the quality of the ablated profiles and dimensions to satisfy the required performance. In glass ablation, borosilicate glasses are considered and their associated ablation behaviors are studied. The procedures to ablate glass-based arrayed microstructures with flat and curved surfaces are described. The utilizations of these arrayed microstructures for optical waveguide, wave absorber, and beam guider, are specifically discussed. Finally, concluding remakes for future trends are presented. #
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry, 1990
1. The quantitative analysis of biliary lipids has been well characterized, however, there is lit... more 1. The quantitative analysis of biliary lipids has been well characterized, however, there is little data related to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phospholipids and conjugated bile salts for the prairie dog. 2. Gallbladder and hepatic bile were collected and the bile salts in each sample were analyzed by first fractionating them into unconjugated, glycoconjugated, and tauroconjugated bile salts. These fractions were further resolved by using HPLC techniques. 3. The data has shown that cholate exists predominately as the tauroconjugate and is the major bile salt, whereas chenodeoxycholate is rarely conjugated. 4. The qualitative analysis of biliary phospholipids by thin layer chromatography has shown a remarkable similarity to that of humans. Phosphatidylcholine was found to be the major phospholipid followed by phosphatidylethanolamine with trace amounts of lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine.
Metallurgical Transactions A, 1989
Combined experimental and numerical research has been conducted to investigate the roll cooling s... more Combined experimental and numerical research has been conducted to investigate the roll cooling system used in steel rolling mills and its relationship to roll life. Roll cooling has been identified as a critical factor in the problems of excessive roll wear or spalling, which cause shortened roll life. A special laboratory apparatus resembling the cooling systems used in the steel mills has been developed to evaluate the corresponding heat transfer coefficients. These coefficients have then been utilized for numerical simulation of the rolling processes. In simulation, the thermal behavior of both the roll and the strip have been considered with emphasis on roll temperature and the induced cyclic thermal stresses. An understanding of the cyclic stress can be utilized to evaluate roll wear, and leads to reduction of the roll spalling, or to extension of the roll life by minimizing the cyclic stress or the resultant fatigue stress. As indicated by the present study, in order to minimize the cyclic or fatigue stresses, the roll should be subjected to uniform cooling, as the sharper the heat transfer coefficient distribution, the higher the thermal stress induced.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1993
A numerical simulation technique has been employed to study the thermal behavior of hot-forging t... more A numerical simulation technique has been employed to study the thermal behavior of hot-forging type forming processes. Experiments on the coining and upsetting of an aluminum billet were conducted to validate the numerical predictions. Typical forming conditions for both the coining and upsetting processes were then studied in detail. An electrical analogy scheme was used to determine the thermal contact resistance. This scheme can conveniently provide the interface characteristics for typical processing conditions, which normally involve high pressures and temperatures. A single forging cycle was first considered, and then a batch of twenty-five forgings was studied. Each forging cycle includes the billet mounting, ascent, loading, dwelling, unloading, descent, and billet removal stages. The temperature distribution in the first forging to be formed is found to be significantly different from that at the end of the batch. In industry, forging is essentially a batch operation. The influence of forming speed and reduction on thermal characteristics was investigated also. The variations that can occur in the process design by considering differences in temperature characteristics are discussed also.
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2001
The Bloom syndrome (BS) protein, BLM, is a member of the RecQ DNA helicase family that also inclu... more The Bloom syndrome (BS) protein, BLM, is a member of the RecQ DNA helicase family that also includes the Werner syndrome protein, WRN. Inherited mutations in these proteins are associated with cancer predisposition of these patients. We recently discovered that cells from Werner syndrome patients displayed a deficiency in p53-mediated apoptosis and WRN binds to p53. Here, we report that analogous to WRN, BLM also binds to p53 in vivo and in vitro, and the C-terminal domain of p53 is responsible for the interaction. p53-mediated apoptosis is defective in BS fibroblasts and can be rescued by expression of the normal BLM gene. Moreover, lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from BS donors are resistant to both ␥-radiation and doxorubicin-induced cell killing, and sensitivity can be restored by the stable expression of normal BLM. In contrast, BS cells have a normal Fas-mediated apoptosis, and in response to DNA damage normal accumulation of p53, normal induction of p53 responsive genes, and normal G 1 -S and G 2 -M cell cycle arrest. BLM localizes to nuclear foci referred to as PML nuclear bodies (NBs). Cells from Li-Fraumeni syndrome patients carrying p53 germline mutations and LCLs lacking a functional p53 have a decreased accumulation of BLM in NBs, whereas isogenic lines with functional p53 exhibit normal accumulation. Certain BLM mutants (C1055S or ⌬133-237) that have a reduced ability to localize to the NBs when expressed in normal cells can impair the localization of wild type BLM to NBs and block p53-mediated apoptosis, suggesting a dominantnegative effect. Taken together, our results indicate both a novel mechanism of p53 function by which p53 mediates nuclear trafficking of BLM to NBs and the cooperation of p53 and BLM to induce apoptosis.
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2007
The pattern recognition receptor CD36 initiates a signaling cascade that promotes microglial acti... more The pattern recognition receptor CD36 initiates a signaling cascade that promotes microglial activation and recruitment to beta-amyloid deposits in the brain. In the present study we identify the focal adhesion-associated proteins p130Cas, Pyk2, and paxillin as novel members of the tyrosine kinase signaling pathway downstream of CD36 and show that assembly of this complex is essential for microglial migration. In primary microglia and macrophages exposed to beta-amyloid, the scaffolding protein p130Cas is rapidly tyrosine-phosphorylated and co-localizes with CD36 to membrane ruffles contemporaneous with F-actin polymerization. These beta-amyloid-stimulated events are not detected in CD36 null cells and are dependent on CD36 activation of Src family tyrosine kinases. Fyn, a Src kinase known to interact with CD36, co-precipitates with p130Cas and is an essential upstream intermediate in the signaling pathways leading to phosphorylation of the p130Cas substrate domain. Furthermore, the p130Cas-interacting kinase Pyk2 and the cytoskeletal adapter protein paxillin also demonstrate CD36-dependent phosphorylation, identifying these focal adhesion molecules as additional members of this beta-amyloid signaling cascade. Disruption of this p130Cas complex by small interfering RNA silencing inhibits p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and microglial migration, illustrating the importance of this pathway in microglial activation and recruitment. Together, these data are the first to identify the signaling cascade that directly links CD36 to the actin cytoskeleton and, thus, implicates it in diverse processes such as cellular migration, adhesion, and phagocytosis.
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2008
Csrp2 (gene symbol of the mouse CRP2 gene)-deficient mice, we previously demonstrated that an abs... more Csrp2 (gene symbol of the mouse CRP2 gene)-deficient mice, we previously demonstrated that an absence of CRP2 enhances VSMC migration and increases neointima formation following arterial injury. Despite its importance in vascular injury, the molecular mechanisms controlling CRP2 expression in VSMC are largely unknown. Transforming growth factor  (TGF), a key factor present in the vessel wall in the early phases of arterial response to injury, plays an important role in modulating lesion formation. Because both CRP2 and TGF are mediators of VSMC responses, we examined the possibility that TGF might regulate CRP2 expression. TGF significantly induced CRP2 mRNA and protein expression in VSMCs. Promoter analysis identified a conserved cAMP-responsive element (CRE)-like site (TAACGTCA) in the Csrp2 promoter that was critical for basal promoter activity and response to TGF. Gel mobility shift assays revealed that mainly ATF2 bound to this CRE-like element, and mutation of the CRE sequences abolished binding. TGF enhanced the activation of ATF2, leading to increased phospho-ATF2 levels within the DNA-protein complexes. Furthermore, ATF2transactivated Csrp2 promoter activity and TGF enhanced this activation. In addition, a phosphorylation-negative ATF2 mutant construct decreased basal and TGF-mediated Csrp2 promoter activity. Our results show for the first time in VSMC that TGF activates ATF2 phosphorylation and Csrp2 gene expression via a CRE promoter element.
International Journal of Fracture Mechanics, 1970
ABSTRACT The calculation of stress intensity factors for complicated crack configurations in fini... more ABSTRACT The calculation of stress intensity factors for complicated crack configurations in finite plates usually presents sub- stantial difficulty. A version of the finite element method solves such problems approximately by means of special cracked elements. A general ...
Materials & Design, 1995
A macro- and micro-combined model has been developed to simulate the static and dynamic recrystal... more A macro- and micro-combined model has been developed to simulate the static and dynamic recrystallizations of austenite during hot rolling of steel. In addition to the coupled thermal and mechanical phenomena, a micro-constitutive relationship is used to link the macro and micro models. The macro model provides the thermal and deformation information for the micro model. A finishing line with
![Research paper thumbnail of GaN[sub 1−x]Bi[sub x]: Extremely mismatched semiconductor alloys](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50084252/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Applied Physics Letters, 2010
Scientometrics, 2014
ABSTRACT Patents and licenses are foundational to successful technology transfer in universities.... more ABSTRACT Patents and licenses are foundational to successful technology transfer in universities. In this article, the activities and performance of university patenting and licensing are studied to gauge the effectiveness of the Bayh–Dole Act (the “Act”), the most influential piece of US legislation on university technology transfer (UTT). Based on raw data from five sources, the annual numbers of patents granted, licenses signed, startup companies launched, and research expenditures are analyzed. Correlations are performed for all data presented to quantify trends over different time periods. We found that patenting and licensing activities in US universities slowed down greatly after 2000 and remained flat until the period from 2010 to 2012, when activities recover to the level of strength characterizing the period before 2000 and after the enactment of the Act. We identify that economic recessions is the major cause to the flatness of the patenting activities during 2000s. We also explain some of the differences found among different data sources and time periods.
International Journal of Technology Transfer and Commercialisation, 2013
Journal of technology management & innovation, 2014
By analyzing the highlights of the major activities reported by the technology transfer offices (... more By analyzing the highlights of the major activities reported by the technology transfer offices (TTOs) of twenty US major universities, the performances of TTO activities are quantitatively assessed and the associated scores are compared with each other. The key performance indicators, which govern the success of the university technology transfer, are specifically selected and examined. Two normalized metrics, overall performance metric (OPM) and patenting control ratio (PCR), which are the representing combined indicators for the TTO performance, are developed and demonstrated. The two metrics are evaluated for each university selected and compared to specifically provide a comprehensive overview of how good is the TTO of a university as compare to those of its peers. Finally, the factors for a successful TTO are described and the major unsolved issues are also discussed.
Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 2015
Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 1998
Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 2010
ABSTRACT In this article, the influences of bias types, doping conditions, and pattern geometry o... more ABSTRACT In this article, the influences of bias types, doping conditions, and pattern geometry on the kinetics of oxides on Si substrates produced by AFM tip‐induced local oxidation were investigated. The growth height of oxide using a +10V sample bias is higher than that when using a ‐10V tip bias, while the magnitude of sample‐tip bias is kept the same. A polygon concept was introduced to produce a circular pattern. The effects of the number of sides in the polygon on the height of oxide circular pattern were explored. It was observed that the oxide height increases with the number of sides of the polygon pattern when the radius is the same. And the oxide is higher on p‐Si(100) than on p‐Si(111) or n‐Si(111).
2010 International Conference on Computer Application and System Modeling (ICCASM 2010), 2010
Fundamentals and Applications, 2008
... Later, using multiple vertical manipulations, Salling, Kravchenko, and Lagally [20] could wri... more ... Later, using multiple vertical manipulations, Salling, Kravchenko, and Lagally [20] could write nanoscale trenches in Si (100) surfaces with a 2.4 nm ... shift value of− 4. 6 Hz with respect to first-mechanical resonant frequency of 160 kHz (courtesy of Dr. Oscar Custance of Osaka ...
Optical Review, 2005
For many years, the development of effective ablation or laser machining techniques for making mi... more For many years, the development of effective ablation or laser machining techniques for making micro-optical components has been the key factor in the birth of new photonic devices and systems. In this article, the ablation characteristics of two types of the most important transparent materials, transparent polymers and glasses, are studied. Simple shaped microcavities are first machined for studying the fundamental ablation parameters, including threshold fluence, effective absorption coefficient, and ablation rate. In studying polymer ablation, five standard grades and five proprietary polymeric compounds are selected. Ablation techniques using these transparent polymers for making arrayed ferrules and curved microlenses are presented. Applications of these ablated microstructures for optical fiber connectors, optical fiber coupling and alignment, and transparent chip encapsulants, are introduced and demonstrated with emphasis on the quality of the ablated profiles and dimensions to satisfy the required performance. In glass ablation, borosilicate glasses are considered and their associated ablation behaviors are studied. The procedures to ablate glass-based arrayed microstructures with flat and curved surfaces are described. The utilizations of these arrayed microstructures for optical waveguide, wave absorber, and beam guider, are specifically discussed. Finally, concluding remakes for future trends are presented. #
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry, 1990
1. The quantitative analysis of biliary lipids has been well characterized, however, there is lit... more 1. The quantitative analysis of biliary lipids has been well characterized, however, there is little data related to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phospholipids and conjugated bile salts for the prairie dog. 2. Gallbladder and hepatic bile were collected and the bile salts in each sample were analyzed by first fractionating them into unconjugated, glycoconjugated, and tauroconjugated bile salts. These fractions were further resolved by using HPLC techniques. 3. The data has shown that cholate exists predominately as the tauroconjugate and is the major bile salt, whereas chenodeoxycholate is rarely conjugated. 4. The qualitative analysis of biliary phospholipids by thin layer chromatography has shown a remarkable similarity to that of humans. Phosphatidylcholine was found to be the major phospholipid followed by phosphatidylethanolamine with trace amounts of lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine.
Metallurgical Transactions A, 1989
Combined experimental and numerical research has been conducted to investigate the roll cooling s... more Combined experimental and numerical research has been conducted to investigate the roll cooling system used in steel rolling mills and its relationship to roll life. Roll cooling has been identified as a critical factor in the problems of excessive roll wear or spalling, which cause shortened roll life. A special laboratory apparatus resembling the cooling systems used in the steel mills has been developed to evaluate the corresponding heat transfer coefficients. These coefficients have then been utilized for numerical simulation of the rolling processes. In simulation, the thermal behavior of both the roll and the strip have been considered with emphasis on roll temperature and the induced cyclic thermal stresses. An understanding of the cyclic stress can be utilized to evaluate roll wear, and leads to reduction of the roll spalling, or to extension of the roll life by minimizing the cyclic stress or the resultant fatigue stress. As indicated by the present study, in order to minimize the cyclic or fatigue stresses, the roll should be subjected to uniform cooling, as the sharper the heat transfer coefficient distribution, the higher the thermal stress induced.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1993
A numerical simulation technique has been employed to study the thermal behavior of hot-forging t... more A numerical simulation technique has been employed to study the thermal behavior of hot-forging type forming processes. Experiments on the coining and upsetting of an aluminum billet were conducted to validate the numerical predictions. Typical forming conditions for both the coining and upsetting processes were then studied in detail. An electrical analogy scheme was used to determine the thermal contact resistance. This scheme can conveniently provide the interface characteristics for typical processing conditions, which normally involve high pressures and temperatures. A single forging cycle was first considered, and then a batch of twenty-five forgings was studied. Each forging cycle includes the billet mounting, ascent, loading, dwelling, unloading, descent, and billet removal stages. The temperature distribution in the first forging to be formed is found to be significantly different from that at the end of the batch. In industry, forging is essentially a batch operation. The influence of forming speed and reduction on thermal characteristics was investigated also. The variations that can occur in the process design by considering differences in temperature characteristics are discussed also.
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2001
The Bloom syndrome (BS) protein, BLM, is a member of the RecQ DNA helicase family that also inclu... more The Bloom syndrome (BS) protein, BLM, is a member of the RecQ DNA helicase family that also includes the Werner syndrome protein, WRN. Inherited mutations in these proteins are associated with cancer predisposition of these patients. We recently discovered that cells from Werner syndrome patients displayed a deficiency in p53-mediated apoptosis and WRN binds to p53. Here, we report that analogous to WRN, BLM also binds to p53 in vivo and in vitro, and the C-terminal domain of p53 is responsible for the interaction. p53-mediated apoptosis is defective in BS fibroblasts and can be rescued by expression of the normal BLM gene. Moreover, lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from BS donors are resistant to both ␥-radiation and doxorubicin-induced cell killing, and sensitivity can be restored by the stable expression of normal BLM. In contrast, BS cells have a normal Fas-mediated apoptosis, and in response to DNA damage normal accumulation of p53, normal induction of p53 responsive genes, and normal G 1 -S and G 2 -M cell cycle arrest. BLM localizes to nuclear foci referred to as PML nuclear bodies (NBs). Cells from Li-Fraumeni syndrome patients carrying p53 germline mutations and LCLs lacking a functional p53 have a decreased accumulation of BLM in NBs, whereas isogenic lines with functional p53 exhibit normal accumulation. Certain BLM mutants (C1055S or ⌬133-237) that have a reduced ability to localize to the NBs when expressed in normal cells can impair the localization of wild type BLM to NBs and block p53-mediated apoptosis, suggesting a dominantnegative effect. Taken together, our results indicate both a novel mechanism of p53 function by which p53 mediates nuclear trafficking of BLM to NBs and the cooperation of p53 and BLM to induce apoptosis.
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2007
The pattern recognition receptor CD36 initiates a signaling cascade that promotes microglial acti... more The pattern recognition receptor CD36 initiates a signaling cascade that promotes microglial activation and recruitment to beta-amyloid deposits in the brain. In the present study we identify the focal adhesion-associated proteins p130Cas, Pyk2, and paxillin as novel members of the tyrosine kinase signaling pathway downstream of CD36 and show that assembly of this complex is essential for microglial migration. In primary microglia and macrophages exposed to beta-amyloid, the scaffolding protein p130Cas is rapidly tyrosine-phosphorylated and co-localizes with CD36 to membrane ruffles contemporaneous with F-actin polymerization. These beta-amyloid-stimulated events are not detected in CD36 null cells and are dependent on CD36 activation of Src family tyrosine kinases. Fyn, a Src kinase known to interact with CD36, co-precipitates with p130Cas and is an essential upstream intermediate in the signaling pathways leading to phosphorylation of the p130Cas substrate domain. Furthermore, the p130Cas-interacting kinase Pyk2 and the cytoskeletal adapter protein paxillin also demonstrate CD36-dependent phosphorylation, identifying these focal adhesion molecules as additional members of this beta-amyloid signaling cascade. Disruption of this p130Cas complex by small interfering RNA silencing inhibits p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and microglial migration, illustrating the importance of this pathway in microglial activation and recruitment. Together, these data are the first to identify the signaling cascade that directly links CD36 to the actin cytoskeleton and, thus, implicates it in diverse processes such as cellular migration, adhesion, and phagocytosis.
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2008
Csrp2 (gene symbol of the mouse CRP2 gene)-deficient mice, we previously demonstrated that an abs... more Csrp2 (gene symbol of the mouse CRP2 gene)-deficient mice, we previously demonstrated that an absence of CRP2 enhances VSMC migration and increases neointima formation following arterial injury. Despite its importance in vascular injury, the molecular mechanisms controlling CRP2 expression in VSMC are largely unknown. Transforming growth factor  (TGF), a key factor present in the vessel wall in the early phases of arterial response to injury, plays an important role in modulating lesion formation. Because both CRP2 and TGF are mediators of VSMC responses, we examined the possibility that TGF might regulate CRP2 expression. TGF significantly induced CRP2 mRNA and protein expression in VSMCs. Promoter analysis identified a conserved cAMP-responsive element (CRE)-like site (TAACGTCA) in the Csrp2 promoter that was critical for basal promoter activity and response to TGF. Gel mobility shift assays revealed that mainly ATF2 bound to this CRE-like element, and mutation of the CRE sequences abolished binding. TGF enhanced the activation of ATF2, leading to increased phospho-ATF2 levels within the DNA-protein complexes. Furthermore, ATF2transactivated Csrp2 promoter activity and TGF enhanced this activation. In addition, a phosphorylation-negative ATF2 mutant construct decreased basal and TGF-mediated Csrp2 promoter activity. Our results show for the first time in VSMC that TGF activates ATF2 phosphorylation and Csrp2 gene expression via a CRE promoter element.
International Journal of Fracture Mechanics, 1970
ABSTRACT The calculation of stress intensity factors for complicated crack configurations in fini... more ABSTRACT The calculation of stress intensity factors for complicated crack configurations in finite plates usually presents sub- stantial difficulty. A version of the finite element method solves such problems approximately by means of special cracked elements. A general ...
Materials & Design, 1995
A macro- and micro-combined model has been developed to simulate the static and dynamic recrystal... more A macro- and micro-combined model has been developed to simulate the static and dynamic recrystallizations of austenite during hot rolling of steel. In addition to the coupled thermal and mechanical phenomena, a micro-constitutive relationship is used to link the macro and micro models. The macro model provides the thermal and deformation information for the micro model. A finishing line with
Applied Physics Letters, 2010
Scientometrics, 2014
ABSTRACT Patents and licenses are foundational to successful technology transfer in universities.... more ABSTRACT Patents and licenses are foundational to successful technology transfer in universities. In this article, the activities and performance of university patenting and licensing are studied to gauge the effectiveness of the Bayh–Dole Act (the “Act”), the most influential piece of US legislation on university technology transfer (UTT). Based on raw data from five sources, the annual numbers of patents granted, licenses signed, startup companies launched, and research expenditures are analyzed. Correlations are performed for all data presented to quantify trends over different time periods. We found that patenting and licensing activities in US universities slowed down greatly after 2000 and remained flat until the period from 2010 to 2012, when activities recover to the level of strength characterizing the period before 2000 and after the enactment of the Act. We identify that economic recessions is the major cause to the flatness of the patenting activities during 2000s. We also explain some of the differences found among different data sources and time periods.
International Journal of Technology Transfer and Commercialisation, 2013
Journal of technology management & innovation, 2014
By analyzing the highlights of the major activities reported by the technology transfer offices (... more By analyzing the highlights of the major activities reported by the technology transfer offices (TTOs) of twenty US major universities, the performances of TTO activities are quantitatively assessed and the associated scores are compared with each other. The key performance indicators, which govern the success of the university technology transfer, are specifically selected and examined. Two normalized metrics, overall performance metric (OPM) and patenting control ratio (PCR), which are the representing combined indicators for the TTO performance, are developed and demonstrated. The two metrics are evaluated for each university selected and compared to specifically provide a comprehensive overview of how good is the TTO of a university as compare to those of its peers. Finally, the factors for a successful TTO are described and the major unsolved issues are also discussed.
Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 2015
Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 1998